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Topic: History of sport

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	Sport
		The line between sports, games, exercise and play is certainly not clear; games are often redefined as sports when they involve particularly skilled participants, which gives them appeal to non-participants.
		This suggests that sport is probably as old as the existence of people as purposive beings, and that it was a useful way of people learning and developing, increasing their mastery of nature and the environment.
		The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry scupture and architecture.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sp/sport.html (2331 words)

	Sport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sport consists of a physical and mentally competitive activity carried out with a recreational purpose for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of a skill, or some combination of these.
		Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of sport and art in their execution, such as performance art, artistic gymnastics, Bodybuilding, Parkour, Yoga, dressage, etc. Perhaps the best example is Bull-fighting, which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers.
		The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sport (1757 words)

	History of sport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		History of sport is probably as old as the existence of people as purposive beings.
		Sporting competitions are described in the Iliad, one of the most important books of ancient greek culture.
		There is also a move towards adventure sports as a form of escaping or transcending the routines of life, examples being white water rafting, paragliding, canyoning, BASE jumping, Parkour and more genteelly, orienteering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_sport (1066 words)

	Sport - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		A sport consists of a physical activity or skill carried out with a recreational purpose: for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of a skill, or some combination of these.
		Ice skating and Tai chi, for example, are sports that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves: to watch these activities comes close to the experience of spectating at a ballet.
		The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/p/o/Sport.html (1816 words)

	The Historiography of American Sport \| Steven A. Riess \| OAH Magazine of History
		The scholarly study of sport is one of the newer historical subfields, a subject once neglected because of intellectual snobbery, a lack of recognition of the importance of sport in the United States, and a failure to recognize its heuristic value.
		Sport provides an excellent vehicle to explore crucial historical problems such as the rise of industrial capitalism and the emergence of urbanization, while expressing such major themes in the broader society as machine politics, acculturation, racism, and sexism.
		Sport historians have produced a very fine body of scholarship that collectively provides an excellent analytical narrative of the rise of sport, positioning it in a broad historical context, while indicating sport's impact on local and national events.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/sport/riess.html (2955 words)

	History of sport Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com
		This suggests that sport is probably as old as the existence of people as purposive beings, and that it was a useful way of people increasing their mastery of nature and the environment.
		Monuments to the Phaorohs indicate that a range of sports were well developed and regulated several thousands of years ago, including swimming and fishing.
		There is also a move towards adventure sports as a form of escapism from the routines of life, examples being white water rafting, canyoning, BASE jumping, and more genteely, orienteering.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_sport.html (842 words)

	Sport (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This suggests that sport is probably as old as the existence of people as purposive beings, and that it was a useful way of people learning and developing,l increasing their mastery of nature and the environment.
		In the history of Ireland, Gaelic sports were clearly carried on with nationalistic overtones: for example, in the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing professional Gaelic football, hurley, or other sport, if the person played Soccer, or other game which was seen to be of British origin.
		history of sport, sportsmanship, professional sports, aesthetic appeal of sport, nationalism and sport, and regulation of sport
	www.enlightenweb.net /s/sp/sport.html (2014 words)

	Careers in Sport Psychology
		Sport psychology professionals are interested in how participation in sport, exercise, and physical activity may enhance personal development and well-being throughout the life span.
		Sport psychologists are also involved in assisting coaches in working with athletes as well as helping improve athletes' motivation.
		As an academic discipline, sport and exercise psychology is the scientific study of people and their behavior in sport and exercise contexts and involves such topics as personality, motivation, attributions, arousal, leadership, and goal-setting.
	www.wcupa.edu /_ACADEMICS/sch_cas.psy/Career_Paths/Sports/Career07.htm (1765 words)

	Archaeology and Sports History
		Journalist and professor of sport, Dr. Labib Boutros, born in 1935 in Beirut (Lebanon), was doctor in pedagogy of sports sciences of the Martin Luther University of Halle (GDR).
		It is obvious that archaeology and history should have a very closed relation, and a big interest is to be established between archaeologists and historians, because the archaeologist also needs the historian to develop his information and draw a certain philosophy of history.
		It is evident that the discovery of sports grounds (such as stadia, gymnasia and palaestrae), equipment and others, in Olympia, Egypt and recently in Phoenicia, gave wide information concerning the history of sport and physical education.
	phoenicia.org /sportsarch.html (2113 words)

	Sneakers & trainers
		Throughout the Middle Ages sports were played in different cultures but it was the British in the 17th and 18th centuries who appeared to keep up the Greek traditions of racing in a straight line.
		The most important feature of sport shoes is they are stable on the foot and must hold the human heel in the heel seat of the shoe.
		The rigours of sport necessitate the inclusion of reinforcements and this is done to a greater or lesser extent, today, by the choice of material combination.
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /sport.html (12730 words)

	Bayer Sport - History
		The idea of establishing a company sports club came from the employees themselves at the beginning of the 20th century and arose simply from the desire to use their leisure time constructively.
		The management readily agreed to the request for a sports club to be set up, because Bayer's plant was isolated in a "no-man's land" between the Cologne suburb of Mülheim and the village of Wiesdorf, with no infrastructure and no facilities for the creative use of leisure time.
		As the company grew, sports became increasingly important: the initial commitment to purely recreational sport almost inevitably led to participation in sport at the championship level, as Bayer athletes naturally strove to improve their performances.
	www.sport.bayer.com /en/history.aspx (267 words)

	BBC - History - Victorian Sport: Playing by the Rules
		Sport used to be a brutal, lawless affair frowned upon by the middle classes, but the Victorians changed all that.
		In sport this manifested itself by a desire for rules and regulations, changing the emphasis from manly physical pursuits to moral and spiritual exercises with disciplinary value and a spirit of fair play.
		A campaign was mounted against violent sports like football which left men injured and unable to work, while working hours were increased to levels previously deemed unacceptable leaving fewer opportunities to play.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/british/victorians/sport_01.shtml (305 words)

	University Sport New Zealand » History
		Sport at an intercampus level originates back to 1900 when Canterbury and Otago University participated in a tennis match.
		Total autonomy was not without its problems, and in cases of dispute that arose between campus sports bodies, there was no national body to represent the united interests of all Universities and their students.
		Its role is to facilitate national sporting opportunities between campuses and act as a conduit for university sportspeople to compete internationally (though its membership of FISU).
	www.universitysport.org.nz /about/history (689 words)

	The Sport Journal: Volume6, Number4,Fall 2003:History of Sport in Islamic-Period Turkey
		Sports were institutionalized during the Islamic-period and various forms of primitive sport clubs were established throughout certain territories in Turkiye.
		Sport is a product of a society where it is found, and its development is greatly affected by various socioeconomic, cultural, ethical, religious, ecological and political conditions.
		Sports and physical cultural activities were generally out of reach of the general population and became instead the privileges of wealthy, high-ranked military generals and the rich friends of the Sultan.
	www.thesportjournal.org /2003Journal/Vol6-No4/turkey.asp (3732 words)

	Sport Management at the Isenberg School of Management Careers
		Sport Management is concerned with the successful operation of numerous types of sport organizations, ranging from various professional teams and leagues, to many national and international amateur sports organizations, federations, conferences, and associations.
		Sport management professionals work for sports teams and leagues, college athletic programs, national and international amateur-sport organizations, and firms specializing in sport marketing, sport sponsorship, athlete representation, and facility and event management.
		The UMass Sport Management Program, created in 1971, is the second-oldest of its kind in the world with well over a thousand graduates going on to careers in the spectator sport industry.
	www.isenberg.umass.edu /sportmgt/Welcome/Sport_Management (306 words)

	Sport Aviation - History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I didn ’t realize that later I would find that there was a world of people with this same enthusiasm as one sees today at the EAA Conventions.
		Now that the golden years have arrived, and as a pack rat who has kept so much of the history of our homebuilt movement, with the help of my daughter, Bonnie, maybe it is time to capture it so that it is not lost forever.
		History can be a motivator...the beginning of a learning process.
	www.sportaviation.org /about/history.shtml (609 words)

	History of Sport for Persons with a Disability
		While sport has value in everyone's life, it is even more important in the life of a person with a disability.
		Sports clubs for deaf were already in existence in 1888 in Berlin.
		Sport for people with a physical disability was introduced after World War ll, to assist the medical and psychological needs of the large number of injured ex-servicemen, -women and civilians.
	www.paralympic.org /release/Main_Sections_Menu/IPC/About_the_IPC/History_of_Sport_for_Persons_with_a_Disability (830 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If we start by looking at the history of drug abuse in sport we see that there are generally three types of drug use in sport.
		Children as young as 11 were given "vitamins" by their coaches who never informed them that they were in fact being given massive doses of steroids and other drugs.
		This is when an organization in charge of sport turns a blind eye to drug taking and there is a resulting explosion in the use of illegal drugs.
	www.ratrobot.com /writing/sport/page2.html (552 words)

	History of Sport
		Sporting events and changes are influenced by the economic, social and political situations in place at the time.
		Sport, as a part of a national culture, now extended to the majority of the population
		An advisory Sports Council was established in 1965 and the independent executive Sports Council in 1972
	www.brianmac.demon.co.uk /history.htm (720 words)

	:: Sport Manitoba :: History ::
		Organized sport in Manitoba, as we know it today, combining the talents of dedicated volunteers and trained professionals and supported by government and the corporate sector, can trace its roots to 1961.
		As such Sport Manitoba is a relatively new organization, established in 1996, representing a merger of the membership based Manitoba Sports Federation and the Province of Manitoba Sport Directorate.
		The result has been a Sport Manitoba leadership model that is unique to sport delivery in Canada, driven by provincial sport policy and representative of all stakeholders in sport.
	www.sportmanitoba.ca /about/history.php (151 words)

	Department of History - Michigan State University (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The History Department is the primary unit at Michigan State University with responsibility for instruction, research, and public service in the matters of historical knowledge.
		The specific mission of the History Department at Michigan State University is to provide an environment conducive to the teaching and learning of history, the pursuit of historical research and the application of the fruits of that research in the public domain.
		The History Department at Michigan State University is seeking to hire an African Historian with the level and field to be determined by the quality of the candidates.
	www.history.msu.edu (153 words)

	Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome
		Sport in History is a history journal that publishes original, archivally-based research on the history of sport, leisure and recreation.
		The journal encourages the study of sport to illuminate broader historical issues and debates.
		Forthcoming special issues will focus on the history of drugs in sport, sport in Ireland and Roger Bannister and the four minute mile.
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/17460263.asp (103 words)

	SportsFactBook.com
		The Sports FactBook has thousands of articles on the history of all types of sports, biographies of sports superstars and champions, sports records and events, scores and much more.
		If you're a sports enthusiast or you're simply doing some research on a particular type of sport, this is the place to start your work.
		Basketball is unusual in that it is a sport that was invented essentially by one man in 1891 - Dr James Naismith, a Canadian minister.
	www.sportsfactbook.com /index.html (223 words)

	The History of Sport (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He is the lead author of Physical Education and the Study of Sport, Mosby, 2000, which is now in its 4th edition and he has written a series of teachers guides to give teachers additional background to the socio-cultural theory underlying physical education and sport.
		This particular set of books concerns the history of sport in the United Kingdom and as such involves a detailed analysis of the content related to the three A-level board specifications.
		The characteristics of these individual activities, games and sports festivals are examined in the context of a largely rural society and reflects the lifestyle of the people at the time.
	www.classroom-resources.co.uk /resources/CR12000_PE.htm (382 words)

	Open Directory - Sports: Resources: History
		HickokSports.com - Sports history, biographies, quotations, glossaries, and calendar of sports events, birthdays, and death dates.
		North American Society for Sport History - NASSH promotes and encourages study and research and writing of the history of sport; and supports local, national, and international organizations having the same purposes.
		Sports Records - Results of sporting events from 1960 to the present day are listed along with record holders and award winners.
	www.dmoz.org /Sports/Resources/History (413 words)

	History of Sport
		But a Sports Illustrated article by Barry McDermott in May 1979 increased the 1980 field into the hundreds and brought ABC’s Wide World of Sports to Hawaii for the first of an unbroken string of annual network broadcasts.
		In 1982, the last year no qualifying was needed to compete at Ironman, the dramatic footage of Julie Moss crawling on her hands and knees to a second-place finish at Ironman, triggered an explosion of interest.
		In 1991, the IOC recognized the ITU as the sole governing body for the sport of triathlon at its 97th session in Birmingham, England.
	www.usatriathlon.org /MultiSport101/HistoryOfSport.aspx (613 words)

	A History of the Sport - Wakeboard (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Once considered an obscure addition to the family of water sports, it now is recognized as the fastest growing water sport in the world.
		Perhaps the origins of wakeboarding will never be known, but surfers deserve most of the credit because the beginnings of the new sport most likely began when surfers started being towed with a ski rope behind a boat.
		O'Brien, owner of H.O. Sports, a leading water ski manufacturer, took an interest in advancing the sport in the late 80s.
	www.usawaterski.org /pages/divisions/wakeboard/history.htm (337 words)

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