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Topic: History of subcultures in the 20th century

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	Undergraduate Courses - Summer 2005
		The 20th century witnessed the formulation, articulation, and racialization of trade unions, the emergence of increased political mobilization among African, Afrikaner, and Indian populations.
		The twentieth century bore witness to the horrors of totalitarianism and the destructive unity of the sheer size of the mass and the apparent irrationality of the crowd.
		At the dawn of the twentieth century, the prevailing assumption in the United States was that heredity (also called "nature") was the crucial factor determining human behavior and personality (and that the blond-haired, blue-eyed "Nordic race" was therefore the "master race," as it was blessed with inherently superior intellectual capacities).
	history.berkeley.edu /undergraduate/courses/summer2005 (3537 words)

	Undergraduate Master Course List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chinese history from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
		History of France from the fall of Napoleon to the present, with particular emphasis on the relation of political developments to social, intellectual, and economic change.
		History of the Jews in the New World, beginning in the middle of the seventeenth century, and the focusing on the United States, until the present.
	history.rutgers.edu /undergrad/mastercourse.htm (6870 words)

	USB Department of History--Courses--Summer Session I 2000
		This course examines the history of Western civilization from the perspective of the history of science, technology, and medicine.
		Topics of special interest will be cross-cultural comparisons of women’s roles in American society, the cult of domesticity, the intersection of class, race and gender in reform movements, suffrage, gender and the politics of the welfare state, the changing conditions of "women’s work," and the rise of feminism.
		Century Chine is revolution: political, economic, social, and diplomatic.
	www.sunysb.edu /history/courses/Summer/00sum1/00sum1.htm (1373 words)

	Goth subculture Summary
		The influence of the gothic novel on the goth subculture can be seen in numerous examples of the subculture's poetry and music, though this influence sometimes came second hand, through the popular imagery of horror films and television.
		The rise of Romanticism's gothic novel during the 19th century saw feelings of horror being commercially exploited as a form of mass entertainment, a process continued in the modern horror film.
		He suggests that the self-conscious artificiality of a subculture is a valid alternative choice in a post-modern world, compared to submitting to the invisible manipulations of popular consumerism and the mass media.
	www.bookrags.com /Goth_subculture (3975 words)

	Ludic at Vampirefreaks.com [Premium Member] - Gothic Industrial Culture
		Thus, the significance of goth's subcultural rebellion is limited, and it draws on imagery at the heart of Western culture.
		The subculture is marked by its emphasis on individualism, tolerance for (sexual) diversity, a strong emphasis on creativity, a dislike of social conservatism and a strong tendency towards cynicism, but even these ideas are not common to all goths.
		Elder goths An elder goth is a senior member of the goth subculture, usually between the ages of 29 and 40.
	vampirefreaks.com /u/Ludic (4251 words)

	Fall 2006 Undergraduate Course Descriptions
		A history of religion, religious movements, and churches in America from the early colonial period to the present, with special attention to the relation of church and society.
		By the mid-18th century, the old forms of Jewish life are no longer capable of containing the pressures, and traditional Judaism is forced to confront calls for westernization on the one hand and the pietistic revivalism of Hasidism on the other.
		Emphasis is on movements for national liberation during the nineteenth century and on war, ethnic conflict and state-building through the twentieth century to the collapse of Communist regimes and the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
	www.history.umd.edu /Courses/descripts-f06.html (4718 words)

	LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN TROY AND COHOES: A BRIEF HISTORY
		There is very little published information about the earlier years of that century and almost nothing about the 20th-century labor history of the region—for example, about the strikes of the collar and cuff workers or traction company employees at the turn of the century.
		Finally, one of the central elements in the history of Troy and Cohoes, their de-industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has also yet to be fully told.
		The labor of children was exploited by owners from early in the history of the region, particularly in the textile industry.
	www.albany.edu /history/Troy-Cohoes (6569 words)

	National Park Service History: Environmental History-The View at the Grand Canyon
		Their indifference persisted down to the late eighteenth century, as Spain remained a culture mired in intellectual conservatism --~a nation resistant to the Enlightenment, to Romanticism, and to modernity in general.
		But we have not left behind the history of the millions of other species that have inhabited this earth nor the history of tectonic plates, falling and receding seas, uplifting plateaus, tumultuous orogenies, lava flows, fissures and faults, climate, or erosion.
		Nature also must be reckoned with, and human history must share the vision and insight that has animated all those other historians--the geologists, evolutionists, geographers, geneticists who have come to this place and tried to fathom the past.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/hisnps/NPSHistory/environmentalhistory.htm (6152 words)

	USB Department of History--Courses--Summer Session I 2001
		This course covers American history from the earliest encounters between Northern Europeans, West Africans and Native Americans in the continental US to the end of Reconstruction in 1877.
		This course is designed to provide both a survey of European history during the period between the two world wars as well as an in-depth look at one of the more decisive periods in modern history.
		This class examines women’s history in Europe from the 18th-century until the present, with an emphasis on social and political movements, feminisms, and gender.
	www.sunysb.edu /history/courses/Summer/00sum1/01sum1.htm (1881 words)

	American Century Summary
		It was not until the rise of the youth, music, and racial subcultures in the 1920s that slang truly rose to its present importance as an element of popular culture.
		Throughout the 17th Century and the 18th Century and the 19th Century, this continent teemed with manifold projects and magnificent purposes.
		The name of the thinktank Project for the New American Century implicitly suggests that the 20th century was an American Century and that a goal of the thinktank is to make the 21st century also an American Century.
	www.bookrags.com /American_Century (1164 words)

	UO Catalog
		A staff of undergraduate peer advisers is available in the history peer advising office to help majors and prospective majors at any stage of their academic careers.
		Peer advisers are trained in university and history major requirements, and they are a resource for information about graduate programs in history, careers in history, and history-related activities in the university and the community.
		Mastery of the minor field, which must be in history, is demonstrated by completing three courses and preparing either a course syllabus or a bibliographic or historiographic essay of at least twenty-five pages.
	www.uoregon.edu /~uopubs/bulletin/history.shtml (4708 words)

	A secret history of the 20th century
		It is Camille Paglia's central thesis that in the 20th century (which she calls the Age of Hollywood) pagan popular culture overtook and vanquished the high arts.
		The rise of cinema and "moving pictures" in the first decade of the 20th century gave the modern movement an artform which was uniquely its own.
		The twentieth century saw the domination of the world by Europe wane, as least partially from the internal destruction of World War II, and the United States and the Soviet Union rise as superpowers.
	www.jahsonic.com /1900s.html (919 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		History 753 is a graduate reading course in the history of religion, devoted this year to understanding puritans and Puritanism in early modern England and the British Atlantic world. Students will work with both primary and secondary sources to develop material useful for research, teaching, and general examinations.
		This course is required for all students declaring a Major in History in the Spring of 1996 or afterward, and is strongly recommended for students who declared a Major in History prior to the spring of 1996. It is a good course for students seeking a minor in history.
		century U.S. LGBT experiences. We will consider the changing nature of same-sex desires, sexual acts, and relationships; societal definitions of and responses to same-sex love and sexuality; the societal conditions that facilitated the emergence of subcultures, identities, and movements based on same-sex sexuality; and gender differences in the history of same-sex love and sexuality.
	history.osu.edu /courses/curriculum/crsbk_sp06.cfm (6615 words)

	20th Century
		For most of the 20th century, tattoos remained relegated to military servicemen, the lower, working classes and their low culture.
		Tattoos “fragmented” in the 1960’s, however, and were used as important identity symbols for bikers, prison convicts, punks and the gay/leather subcultures of the American west coast (DeMello 2000:70).
		This fragmentation, the beginning of what was to become the “tattoo renaissance,” lead to the ultimate mainstreaming of tattoos as icons of popular culture in the 1980’s and 1990’s.
	individual.utoronto.ca /antonygh/undertheskin/20thcentury.htm (155 words)

	Lesbian and Gay Histories: Defining the Fields
		Rather historians addressing lesbian and gay histories have to face the very different histories made possible by the different types of sources which survive from different periods and different areas of the world.
		For lesbian and gay history, this shift in source material enables social history in the full sense to be undertaken.
		The techniques of oral history are dramatically different from the history of earlier periods (a point which is not always, it seems, evident to oral historians at conferences).
	www.fordham.edu /HALSALL/pwh/lghist-def.html (1302 words)

	History of subcultures
		At the beginning of the 20th century leisure and leisure activities were strictly limited to those who could afford membership fees.
		As a consequence of this financial independence leisure was widely associated with youth throughout the beginning of the twentieth century.
		You no longer needed a subculture to show which social class you belonged to, since the social classes were becoming more fluid.
	www.eng.umu.se /tt/proj8/history.htm (1122 words)

	Binary Paideia
		The curricula will allow students to develop a mental schema that will build on previous knowledge throughout the course of the academic year, and from one academic year to another.
		History should not be taught as one isolated event after another.
		They should also know the United States History curriculum, so they can foreshadow what is to come.
	www.americaninstituteforhistory.org /BP/binary_paideia_about.htm (834 words)

	United States History: Notes on the 20th Century -- Number 7
		She was a Russian-born former teacher who became one of the few female heads of state in the Twentieth Century.
		At the turn of the century, American culture encompassed a plethora of regional and local subcultures, each with its own distinctive styles of dress, speech, cuisine, music, and local government.
		Distinctions betwen large regions (such as the Northeast and Southeast) were often pronounced, and the ideosyncracies of local subcultures (especially in isolated areas such as the Appalachian Mountains and the Sea Islands of the Southeastern coast) often strikingly exotic to the outsider.
	www.terraplanepub.com /century6.htm (753 words)

	Amazon.com: A History of the Jews in the Modern World: Books: Howard M. Sachar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this monumental and complex narrative, successor to his distinguished 1958 The Course of Modern Jewish History (substantially revised in 1990), Sachar, generally acknowledged as the preeminent scholar of modern Jewish history, proves himself to be not only a superb historian, but a compelling storyteller.
		The history of Jews in modern times -- from the 18th century to the present -- is an epic saga, and Sachar attempts to hit all the high points, dealing with the six continents on which Jews have lived.
		He concludes that in the 19th century, Hasidism "devolve[d] into an unregenerate defender of pietistic obscurantism." Indeed, many forms of traditional Jewish observance are described here as parochial or fundamentalist.
	www.amazon.com /History-Jews-Modern-World/dp/0375414975 (2856 words)

	Graffiti Wars
		Each of these social roles is embedded in a subculture that justifies and organizes the activities of its members, creating meaning and morality, motivating and reinforcing behavior, even in the face of failure (to eradicate graffiti) or punishment (for making graffiti).
		Relativity emphasizes the parts power and politics play in establishing the dominance of one subculture over others and thereby establishing the agenda of the dominant or official culture, that unique subculture against which all other subcultures are evaluated and subordinated.
		Placed in their historic context, the great graffiti wars of the late 20th century illustrate the relativity of judgments of deviance and diversity, and how the dynamic interaction between the participants of different subcultures, each with their own agenda and resources, produce the perceived reality of these conflicts.
	www.graffiti.org /faq/greatgraffitiwars.html (5622 words)

	CURRENTS Fall 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		One of the main reasons for teaching history in school is so people can learn from the mistakes we made and vow not to make the same mistakes.
		Among the most important research tools on the DVDs are the full manuscript history of the church written from 1839 through 1882 and the church's Journal History from 1896 to 1923.
		History is not neat and tidy; often we must dig through layers of conflict and biases before we reach the truth.
	history.utah.gov /news_and_events/currents/past_issues/fall03.html (6214 words)

	Disinformation :: The History Of Political Dirty Tricks, Part 1
		This book answers these questions and also investigates: the history of pandemics — and how this one might be different; the last great flu outbreak — the Spanish flu of 1918; what a virus is and how it spreads; how antiviral drugs and vaccines work; what the government's emergency plans are; and much more.
		'Into the 20th Century, foreign intelligence services and financial markets would continue to be linked as a tool of powerful competing military-commercial syndicates, a feature of modern political warfare and strategic finance the Okhrana and the Paris bankers spearheaded in tandem.
		Shifting alliances between lenders and states, and between old and new elites, would set the stage for the 20th Century, and the world wars that followed.' (DailyKos article).
	www.disinfo.com /site/displayarticle17784.html (318 words)

	Goth subculture at AllExperts
		By the mid-1990s, styles of music that were heard in venues that goths attended ranged from gothic rock, death rock, Industrial music, EBM, ambient, experimental, synthpop, shoegazing, punk rock, 1970s glam rock (not to be confused with later glam rock), indie rock, to 1980s dance music.
		The other significant development of the nineties was the popularity of electronic dance bands such as VNV Nation, Covenant, and Wisteria Losenge in the goth scene.
		The subculture, over time, has developed its own goth slang that distinguishes between these types.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/go/goth_subculture.htm (4009 words)

	PUBLIC HISTORY FACULTY
		She also conducts seminars and directs oral history projects for a wide variety of labor and community organizations.
		She directed media projects in the early 1980s for the Institute for Research in History, and is Associate Director of the Center for Media, Culture and History, as well as the Center for Religion and Media, at NYU.
		Past historical projects include a history of the American Bible Society, which related that institution's development over the course of the nineteenth-century to broader changes in the nation's corporate, benevolent, and philanthropic structures.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/history/public_history/faculty.html (1115 words)

	HIST J300 22077 20th Century Sex Research & Sexual Cultures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At the turn of the century, a German research tradition dominated, stressing sexual pathology, dysfunction, or “perversion.” With the Nazi suppression of European sexology, research momentum moved to Anglophone nations, especially Britain and the United States.
		In the wake of the 1980s and 1990s AIDS pandemic and the increasing medicalization of the study of sexuality, the century ended with the launch of Viagra in 1999, in a renewed focus upon sexual dysfunction.
		We will analyze twentieth century sex researchers’ contributions and influence in their own cultural context, and beyond.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blspr06/hist/hist_j300_22077.html (315 words)

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