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Topic: History of telescopes

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Reflector telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

John Dollond

Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology

Hans Lippershey

Johannes Fabricius

Adrien Auzout

Copernican system

List of largest optical reflecting telescopes

Galileo Galilei

Archeology

Ptolemaic theory

Isaac Newton

Transatlantic telegraph cable

Roger Bacon

	History Telescopes To The Future
		Hence it is highly necessary to read history as it teaches the current generation to understand things that don’t work or never worked in the past.
		History will not tell you where you are going, but it will tell you how you got there.
		History can teach you some great lessons in people management like the mistakes our ancestors did, the disastrous consequences, the fall from grace of mighty leaders and dictators, and many great ups and downs.
	www.wotarticle.com /business/history-telescopes-to-the-future-4616.html (2444 words)

	History of telescopes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		William Gascoigne was the first who practically appreciated the chief advantages of the form of telescope suggested by Kepler, viz., the visibility of the image of a distant object simultaneously with that of a small material object placed in the common focus of the two lenses.
		Telescopes of such great length were naturally difficult to use, and must have taxed to the utmost the skill and patience of the observers.
		The whole history of his researches proves how fully he was aware of the conditions necessary for the attainment of achromatism in refracting telescopes, and he may be well excused if he so long placed implicit reliance on the accuracy of experiments made by so illustrious a philosopher as Newton.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/history_of_telescopes (3098 words)

	Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Telescopes work by employing one or more curved optical elements - lenses or mirrors - to gather light or other electromagnetic radiation and bring that light or radiation to a focus, where the image can be observed, photographed or studied.
		Newtonian or reflecting telescopes employ the reflective properties of light, using a concave paraboic primary mirror to collect and focus incoming light onto a flat secondary (diagonal) mirror that in turn reflects the image ot of an opening at the side of the main tube and into the eyepiece.
		The telescope was aimed by the aid of a Foucault sidérostat, which is a movable plane mirror with a 2-meter diameter, mounted in a large cast-iron frame.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telescope (2039 words)

	History of telescopes: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A monocular is a modified refracting telescope used to magnify the images of distant objects by passing light through a series of lenses and prism (optics)prisms;...
		The ritchey-chrétien telescope or rct is a specialized cassegrain telescope with a hyperbolic primary and secondary mirror....
		A large liquid mirror telescope or (large lmt) is a technology being pursued by nasa and the university of british columbia (ubc)....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_telescopes.htm (6348 words)

	Telescope - MSN Encarta
		Telescopes are the fundamental research instruments that enable astronomers to tackle scientific questions about the birth of the universe (see Big Bang Theory; Cosmology); the emergence of structure in the early universe; the formation and evolution of stars, galaxies, and planetary systems; and the conditions for the emergence of life itself.
		Astronomical telescopes today come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, dictated largely by the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum the telescope is designed to view.
		A refracting telescope’s light-gathering power is proportional to the size of the objective, or main, lens and to the ratio of the focal lengths of the objective lens and the eyepiece.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557777/Telescope.html (1325 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Telescope
		With the acceptance of the astronomical telescope, the limit on magnification caused by the small field of view of the Galilean telescope was temporarily lifted, and a "telescope race" developed.
		Because of optical defects, the curvature of lenses had to be minimized, and therefore (since the magnification of a simple telescope is given roughly by the ratio of the focal lengths of the objective and ocular) increased magnification had to be achieved by increasing the focal length of the objective.
		From the typical Galilean telescope of 5 or 6 feet in length, astronomical telescopes rose to lengths of 15 or 20 feet by the middle of the century.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/instruments/telescope.html (2709 words)

	History of Telescopes, history of astronomy
		The telescope was the first optical instrument and its origin is surrounded by controversy.
		These first optical instruments were what the average person identifies with the word "telescope," a long thin tube where light passes in a straight line from aperture (the front objective lens) to the eyepiece at the opposite end of the tube.
		He created a new telescope design, one that used a parabolic mirror to collect light and concentrate the image before it was presented to the eyepiece.
	www.omni-optical.com /telescope/ut104.htm (624 words)

	PX2013 Web Exercise - A Brief History of Telescopes
		The telescope can be traced back to around 1608 when a Dutch spectacle maker named Hans Lippershey first publicized its creation, however it is thought that the technology was known as far back as the 10th century to the Vikings.
		Reflector telescopes use mirrors to reflect light, rather than lenses to pass light and are constructed of a large tube with at least 2 mirrors.
		Some types of mounts allow the telescope to track a star in the sky as the Earth rotates, other mounts allow the telescope to be controlled by a computer system which helps locate celestial objects as well as having far greater accuracy while tracking an object.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /~u11aw4/px2013/app.html (1392 words)

	Imaging History Part 5 - Telescopes - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century
		A telescope's light-gathering power is determined by the size of its aperture: the wider its diameter, the more light a telescope can gather and, therefore, the dimmer the celestial objects it can detect.
		Reflecting telescopes, on the other hand, use a mirror to gather and focus light, and the mirror can be supported under its entire area.
		Radio telescopes were even easier to link together; using a technique called interferometry, engineers could create radio telescopic arrays made up of dozens of individual dishes, with a combined aperture that was not inches, but miles, across.
	www.greatachievements.org /?id=3763 (615 words)

	History of telescopes : History of telescope
		Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovered Saturn's fifth satellite (Rhea) In 1672 with a telescope of 35 ft., and the third and fourth satellites in 1684 with telescopes made by Campani of 100- and 136-foot focal length.
		Adrien Auzout[?] (died in 1691) and others are said to have made telescopes of from 300 to 600 ft. locus, but it doesn't appear that they were ever able to use them in practical observations.
		After remarking that Newton's telescope had lain neglected these fifty years, they stated that Hadley had sufficiently shown that this noble invention doesn't consist in bare theory.
	www.fastload.org /hi/History_of_telescope.html (2846 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Telescopes Work"
		To point the telescope at an object, you rotate it along the horizon (azimuth axis) to the object's horizontal position, and then tilt the telescope, along the altitude axis, to the object's vertical position.
		Large aperture reflecting telescopes tend to be a favorite of astrophotographers for their light gathering ability.
		The telescope's ability to magnify an image depends upon the combination of the lenses used, usually a long focal length objective lens or primary mirror in combination with a short focal length eyepiece.
	www.howstuffworks.com /telescope.htm/printable (12833 words)

	Telescope
		Unfortunately the telescopes built on Lippershey's model had poor image quality, caused by the bending of light though the glass lenses.
		The dish is the same shape as the mirror of a reflecting telescope.
		Radio telescopes are a valuable tool for astronomers since many objects in the universe do not produce enough visible light to be picked up by optical telescopes.
	www.yesmag.bc.ca /how_work/telescope.html (1130 words)

	History of Telescopes
		The history of telescope sparkles with different names that eventually lead us to the present day telescope with ultra-modern features.
		History reveals that the first telescope could have been the Assyrian lens that was made using crystal.
		The original Dutch telescopes were constructed with a convex and a concave lens, and failed to invert the image.
	www.historyoftelescopes.com /history.html (487 words)

	Telescopes
		focus the light inside the tube, he was able to reduce the length of the telescope dramatically.
		telescopes must therefore always be positioned high above the ground or in space.
		telescope at the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
	www.angelfire.com /nj/PflommScience/telescopes.htm (585 words)

	Telescopes In Education (TIE) - History of Telescopes
		Many notable organizations are responsible for making automation of the 24" telescope a success: Mount Wilson Institute reconditioned the Observatory dome and provided the current location of the 24" telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, California.
		A 6" f/15 refractor telescope mounted on the 24" telescope has a diffraction limited resolution of approximately.75 arcseconds for planetary imaging.
		On the 24" telescope its primary purpose is to conduct photometry and astrometry.
	www.telescopesineducation.com /history.html (544 words)

	The best Telescopes
		A refracting or refractor telescope is a dioptric telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image.
		A reflecting telescope (reflector) is an optical telescope which uses a combination of curved or plane (flat) mirrors to reflect light and form an image (catoptric), rather than lenses to refract or bend light to form an image (dioptric).
		Celestron CPC 800 XLT Computerized Telescope w/Tube and Tripod
	www.squidoo.com /besttelescopes (1018 words)

	Basic Astronomy Facts
		Soon after the invention of the refracting telescope, Galileo Galilei used one to view craters on the moon and watch the moons of Jupiter circle the planet.
		Telescopes are attached to various types of mounts.
		Telescopes as small as 60 mm in diameter with the right lenses can view the craters of the moon, the rings of Saturn, cloud bands on Jupiter, and split binary stars.
	www.kidscosmos.org /kid-stuff/astronomy-facts.html (1312 words)

	Planetarium.Net Telescope Buying Guide: Telescope History
		The telescope was one of the most important inventions of the Seventeenth century.
		The Hubble Space Telescope is orbiting the Earth capturing images from what scientists believe is the edge of our universe.
		There are also telescopes that capture energy we can’t see with our eyes such as radio wave emissions, gamma rays, and x-rays.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/scope/history.htm (253 words)

	Find Telescopes and Telescope Accessories in One Place
		Telescopes can range from good to amazing, but if your eyepeice is only fair, your telescope will only be fair.
		Telescopes are very sensitive to vibrations and if your telescope isn't as steady as a rock, you won't be able to see much detail through your telescope.
		Fead more about telescopes and their technology and get an understanding of why one technology is better than the other.
	www.telescopes.name (749 words)

	Old cabinet leads to discovery of rare early telescopes
		Like cell phones or the Internet in recent history, the telescope had a swift and lasting impact on the world when it was introduced in the early 17th century.
		Telescopes revolutionized military strategy, and, within months, showed Galileo Galilei that Earth is not the center of the universe.
		Finding more early telescopes will help scientists and historians better understand who made them and how they evolved and improved over time, said Eugene Rudd, an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Nebraska who is a world authority on old telescopes.
	setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu /forum_thread.php?id=37254 (1415 words)

	Ancient Coins, Artifacts, Weapons. History Books, Telescopes, Fossils in Rolla
		Finally, the large collection of framed exotic arachnids, butterflies, other insects and mammal skeletons is fascinating to adults and children alike.
		Subjects tend to be more highly focused on particular periods, places, or events in history.
		We always stock titles extending from ancient history to American history, and everything in between.
	www.theoldworldtrader.com (950 words)

	Telescopes: Telescope Eyepieces
		Telescopes are a great way to get spend time with your kids while they learn about the solar system they live in.
		Buy Telescopes for your children and watch as they are amazed by the universe.
		Telescopes are a fun and exciting way to get children involved in astronomy and insterested in space.
	www.telescopes.name /telescopes-eyepieces.htm (215 words)

	Chinese Telescopes - China History Forum, Chinese History Forum
		More probably a seeing glass a very primitive and elementary form of a telescope, used long before the Song by the way, the problem whit constructing a proper telescope is that you have to shape the glass in a perfect conclave shape before it is used, it is far from as simple as it sounds.
		The telescope was introduced to astronomy in 1609 by the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei, who became the first man to see the craters of the moon, and who went on to discover sunspots, the four large moons of Jupiter, and the rings of Saturn.
		Galileo's telescope was similar to a pair of opera glasses in that it used an arrangement of glass lenses to magnify objects.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=6666 (1209 words)

	Department of Physics and Astronomy: Telescopes
		In the larger dome, is a telescope that was purchased from the Sr.
		It actually consists of 3 co-aligned visual and photographic telescopes; a fifteen-inch visual telescope, a nine-inch photographic telescope and a four-inch visual telescope.
		The five-inch telescope that was originally in the smaller dome was made by Murz and Son of Munich.
	www.phy.olemiss.edu /Astro/telescopes.html (148 words)

	Telescopes : Largest Telescope
		The history of the telescope and the binocular
		World's largest portable amateur telescope, 41.2" Newtonian reflector with picturesof the telescope and during construction.
		A brief history of astronomy in Berlin and the Wilhelm-Foerster-Observatory.
	telescopes2.com /largesttelescope/index.php (734 words)

	KIE Evidence: The History of the Telescope
		Telescopes have had a long history, with the first known telescope being built in 1608 (almost 400 years ago).
		The patent application called the telescope a device for "seeing faraway things as though nearby." Galileo made the telescope famous, and in the early 1600s, he even discovered four of Jupiter's moons.
		Soon after, telescopes started getting longer, because the ways to improve the focusing abilities of telescopes were either to lengthen the telescopes or to use mirrors -- and a "reflecting telescope" using mirrors wasn't invented until Newton did so in the 1670s.
	kie.berkeley.edu /ned/data/E01-951129-004/full.html (302 words)

	RoboNet-1.0: History
		Liverpool Telescope (LT), which saw First Light on La Palma in July 2003, is the first of a new generation of large aperture, well instrumented robotic telescopes on excellent sites.
		RoboNet would comprise 6 telescopes, the first being the Liverpool Telescope, and the others placed at locations around the globe such that objects could be observed anywhere on the sky, at any time and continuously for as long as is scientifically important so to do.
		Although highly rated, it was evident that higher priority would be given to use of the LT plus the extant Faulkes Telescopes (clones of the LT) as a "proto-RoboNet" at this stage, in part as proof of concept, with well-focussed, finite lifetime scientific projects with well-defined deliverables.
	www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk /RoboNet/history.html (429 words)

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