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Topic: History of the American dollar

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	History of the United States dollar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dollar was unanimously chosen as the monetary unit for the United States on July 6, 1785.
		Until 1974 the value of the United States dollar was tied to and backed by silver, gold, or a combination of the two.
		From 1792 to 1873 the U.S. dollar was freely backed by both gold and silver at a ratio of 15:1 under a system known as bimetallism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_American_dollar (2492 words)

	United States dollar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States dollar, or American dollar, adopted by the United States Congress in 1785, is the official currency of the United States.
		However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies and gasoline prices.
		The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint were of the same size and composition as the Spanish dollar and even after the American Revolutionary War the Spanish and U.S. silver dollars circulated side by side in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_dollar (2336 words)

	The Dollar Crisis -- And Why (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To understand what is at stake, we need to examine the history of the American dollar, and the international monetary system, which is underpinned by the U.S. dollar and was constructed in the middle of the last century.
		In the U.S., the dollar continued to be redeemable in gold until the Gold Reserve Act of January 30, 1934, prohibited the coinage of gold.
		The divorce of the dollar from a commodity base such as gold was a critical factor in the decline of America.
	www.realtruthmag.org /articles/0203-tdcaw.html (3778 words)

	History of the American Stroke Association
		The American Stroke Association is the division of the American Heart Association that's solely focused on reducing disability and death from stroke through research, education, fund raising and advocacy.
		The American Heart Association's commitment to stroke is clear, and the creation of the American Stroke Association as a division provides the basis for strong science, credibility, public and professional recognition and the ability to leverage a strong, existing national infrastructure.
		An example of the collaborative nature of the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association is a strategic alliance with the Centers for Disease Control; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
	www.strokeassociation.org /presenter.jhtml;jsessionid=ZG4EIAAZBPLSPWFZOAGSCZQ?identifier=2612 (1148 words)

	Kids Online Resources - American History
		American Memory - A gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States.
		American History - The National Museum of American History is one of the Smithsonian Institution museums located on The Mall in Washington DC.
		American Indians of the Pacific Northwest - This digital collection integrates over 2,300 photographs and 7,700 pages of text relating to the American Indians in two cultural areas of the Pacific Northwest, the Northwest Coast and Plateau.
	www.kidsolr.com /history (2470 words)

	xymphora
		Towards the end of the campaign, they even sent word to their American conservative brothers not to gloat about the upcoming Canadian election result, for fear of alerting Canadians that they were falling into a trap.
		Harper's Americanisms such as ending speeches, in an obvious nod to Bush, by saying 'God Bless Canada', are decidedly creepy in a Canadian political context, and he won't realize the trouble he'll get into in Canada when he gets his obligatory visit, one which Martin was never offered, down to Crawford.
		If you are still not convinced, consider the fact that the Americans are in the middle of using the United Nations and a false concern about the Hariri assassination to plot an attack against Syria (or here).
	xymphora.blogspot.com (5912 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The American by Henry James 1877 CHAPTER I On a brilliant day in May, in the year 1868, a gentleman was reclining at his ease on the great circular divan which at that period occupied the centre of the Salon Carre, in the Museum of the Louvre.
		This commodious ottoman has since been removed, to the extreme regret of all weak-kneed lovers of the fine arts, but the gentleman in question had taken serene possession of its softest spot, and, with his head thrown back and his legs outstretched, was staring at Murillo's beautiful moon-borne Madonna in profound enjoyment of his posture.
		Half the Americans go." "Is it anywhere near the Alps?" "About as near as Newport is to the Rocky Mountains." "Oh, I want to see Mont Blanc," said Newman, "and Amsterdam, and the Rhine, and a lot of places.
	eserver.org /fiction/the-american.txt (23563 words)

	Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal: The Coming Dollar Crisis?
		Yes, the dollar is likely to decline steeply either when foreign central banks stop buying dollar-denominated assets to keep the values of their currencies down or when international speculators lose confidence or both.
		History tells us we shouldn't get so up in arms about the dollar although it is fun to do.
		Today, foreign countries may be more aware of risks from supporting the dollar, but they are also surely aware of even bigger risks from allowing their currencies to appreciate too quickly against the dollar.
	delong.typepad.com /sdj/2005/09/the_coming_doll.html (13773 words)

	American football history
		In nineteen twenty, the American Professional Football Association was formed; one year later it was reorganized and in nineteen twenty-two was renamed the National Football League.
		Among the number of competitive leagues that have folded in failure are the All-American Football conference, nineteen forty-six to forty-nine and the World Football League, nineteen seventy-four to seventy-five.
		At the end of each NFL season, champs from both the National and American conferences meet in the Super Bowl to determine a national champion.
	wiwi.essortment.com /americanfootbal_rwff.htm (1329 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -DOLLAR DIPLOMACY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dollar diplomacy is the term used to describe America's efforts—particularly under President William Howard Taft—to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and the Far East through the use of economic power.
		Dollar diplomacy was also pursued in China, where Taft's secretary of state, Philander C. Knox, became convinced in 1910 that America's free access to trade there was threatened by European financing of the new Hukuang Railroad.
		With some difficulty, the Taft administration arranged for American bankers to be included in the project and then prevailed on J. Pierpont Morgan to create an American syndicate for the purpose.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_025300_dollardiplom.htm (336 words)

	American History - 1930-1939
		Between 1929 and 1932 the income of the average American family was reduced by 40%, from $2,300 to $1,500.
		Mary McLeod Bethune a very influential African American woman educator and friend of Eleanor Roosevelt who, as a board member of the National Youth Administration, was able to extend benefits to African Americans.
		History of art in the 20th Century which includes all art forms and architecture.
	kclibrary.nhmccd.edu /decade30.html (2367 words)

	The History Place - A New Nation
		For white Americans, the average age is under 16.
		The largest American city is Philadelphia, with 42,000 persons, followed by New York (33,000) Boston (18,000) Charleston (16,000) and Baltimore (13,000).
		The majority of Americans are involved in agricultural pursuits, with little industrial activity occurring at this time.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/revolution/rev-nation.htm (2305 words)

	History of the American University of Beirut (AUB)
		Its mission is to enhance education, primarily of the peoples of the Middle East, to serve society through its educational functions, and to participate in the advancement of knowledge.
		In 1862, American missionaries in Lebanon and Syria, under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, asked Dr. Daniel Bliss to withdraw from the evangelistic work of the mission in Lebanon to found a college of higher learning that would include medical training.
		It was felt that this college should have an American educational character, should be administered independently from the Mission, and should be maintained by its own funds.
	www.aub.edu.lb /aub-online/history (1193 words)

	Family Dollar - History
		Right from the start, he had a well-developed philosophy of what Family Dollar would be and how it would operate, a philosophy from which he and his management team have never strayed.
		Family Dollar moves to everyday low pricing and builds a management team and infrastructure to support a national chain of neighborhood convenience discount stores.
		With a unique merchandising concept providing consumers with convenience and everyday low prices, Family Dollar is well positioned to move forward as one of the fastest growing retailers in the country.
	www.familydollar.com /history.aspx (447 words)

	Who Owns the Dollar?
		They use the dollars that we pay them for their goods to purchase U.S. government bonds and American companies, real estate, and corporate bonds.
		In the meantime, even a small country could pop the U.S. housing bubble by dumping dollar reserves—which is some fix for a superpower to be in, especially one that is disdainful of the opinion of the rest of the world.
		When China’s currency ceases to be undervalued, American shoppers in Wal-Mart, where 70 percent of the goods on the shelves are made in China, will think they are in Neiman Marcus.
	www.amconmag.com /2005_07_04/article1.html (1411 words)

	Rick Porrello's - AmericanMafia.com - The Organized Crime and Mafia Super Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It has been the home of members of the American Mafia and their corrupt politicians and law enforcement cronies.
		He does not maintain contacts with mobsters, is unable to assist with family history research and is unable to provide assitance with locating photographs.
		If you believe you are the victim of organized crime, some of the agencies that may be able to help you are local law enforcement agency, state attorney general's office, the F.B.I. or U.S. Attorney's office.
	www.americanmafia.com (338 words)

	History of Black Firefighters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		No history of Black Firefighters would be complete with out mention of one fl man with a passion for fl fire history.
		A study of American History helps us to understand how the settlement of the colonies was undertaken.
		History records indicate that this firehouse was manned by the "Colored Contingent." In 1892 two additional Black firefighters entered the fire department and were stationed at the Oak Street firehouse.
	hometown.aol.com /fireriter (13987 words)

	Legacy '98: A Short History of the Movement
		Like many amazing stories, the history of the Women's Rights Movement began with a small group of people questioning why human lives were being unfairly constricted.
		Stanton's version read, "The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.
		Generous checks and single dollar bills poured into the campaign headquarters, and the ranks of NOW and other women's rights organizations swelled to historic sizes.
	www.legacy98.org /move-hist.html (4727 words)

	Goodbye, Dollar—and Empire
		Foreigners are using the dollars to snap up our stocks, bonds, and real estate, gaining a permanent lien on the future rents, interest, and dividends of U.S. enterprises.
		A sinking dollar also means rising prices for imports, which are now near a two-century high at 15 percent of our entire economy.
		The Dow is falling, the dollar is sinking, our dependency on imported oil is growing, our country goes billions deeper into debt every day, and U.S. forces are stretched to the limit containing a medium-sized insurgency in a medium-sized Arab country.
	www.amconmag.com /2004_11_22/buchanan.html (777 words)

	Literary History of the American West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The mythdramas of many other western American tribes have similar functions; and their thaumaturgic and therapeutic aspects seem to have fascinated contemporary western playwrights such as Sam Shepard, who has shown in plays such as Operation Sidewinder that he recognizes the magical and healing elements in Indian ritual.
		Robert Finch's Plays of the American West (1947) are short dramas in most of which a happy resolution is achieved when the protagonist begins to live in an imaginary world that is an escape from the harsh reality of the actual and inhospitable West.
		Freud on Broadway: A History of Psychoanalysis and the American Drama.
	www2.tcu.edu /depts/prs/amwest/html/wl0204.html (6140 words)

	AMERICAN MOSAIC - Artistic Pandas / United States Dollar / Nellie McKay - 2004-03-18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This became one of the causes of the American Revolution.
		In seventeen-ninety-two, the nation chose the dollar as its unit of currency.
		The American Numismatic Association, a collectors group, says it plans to show the coin to the public as of next month.
	www.voanews.com /specialenglish/Archive/a-2004-03-18-1-1.cfm (938 words)

	Liberty Silver Money
		The all important "unit of accounting" of the Liberty Dollar is exactly the same as the US dollar so it functions dollar-for-dollar with the current Federal Reserve Note (US dollar) and makes it very easy for merchants and customers to use it.
		The Liberty Dollar was specifically designed not to be deposited into a bank so it will stay and circulate in the community for the advantage of the local economy.
		The Liberty Dollar is available in three forms: metal Gold and Silver Libertys (which are by far the most popular), paper Silver Certificates, and in digital form for use on-line and via email.
	libertydollar.org (4051 words)

	Koala Coins - History Of United State Coin
		See History of the American dollar for more info about the currency's history.
		Dollar coins have never been popular in the United States.
		History of The US Penny in the 20th CenturyThe one-cent coin, commonly known as the...
	www.koala.gr /coins/17/history-of-united-state-coin.php (248 words)

	EH.Net \| Economic History Services
		EH.Net is supported by the Economic History Association and other affiliated organizations: the Business History Conference, the Cliometric Society, the Economic History Society, and the History of Economics Society.
		Following are lists of books in economic history, business history and the history of economics that are under review and will be published on the EH.Net Review electronic list and archived in the Book Review Library:
		The Birth of a New Social Science Discipline: Achievements of the First Generation of American Economic and Business Historians — 1893-1974.
	www.eh.net (484 words)

	Liberty Silver Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Liberty Dollar is used by people who care about their local communities and who want to bring about positive changes.
		The Liberty Dollar was created to bring competition to the Federal Reserve, which had enjoyed a monopoly on issuing currency in America since 1913.
		This monopoly has caused the dollar to sink in value, created the Great Depression, the vicious business cycle that causes jobs to be lost, asset price bubbles, and is on the verge of causing even more damage including debt catastrophe and even economic collapse.
	www.libertydollar.org /html/about.asp (784 words)

	Material History of American Religion Project--Evangelical dollar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Money is not only "the Almighty Dollar," but also one of the most common media of communication.
		Given this omnipresence of the dollar and its centrality as basic communication, it shouldn't be surprising for the dollar to be used as an evangelical medium.
		With the addition of a simple sentence, the lowly dollar bill--seen by some as a symbol of dangerous materialism--becomes blessed as an evangelical tool and a medium of blessing.
	www.materialreligion.org /objects/nov98obj.html (229 words)

	Donate Now! -- American Red Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 2005, the American Red Cross responded to two of the largest disasters in its 125-year history—the tsunami and the combined disaster of Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma.
		In every single case, it is mission of the American Red Cross to be there and help those in need—whether disaster strikes thousands of people at once...or one family in the middle of the night.
		Your contribution means a great deal to the organization, but even more to the families who rely on the Red Cross to help them through some of the most difficult times of their lives.
	www.redcross.org /donate/donate.html (533 words)

	HistoryWiz: American History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		History Matters Primary documents for the study of American social history from 1846 -1946
		Pulitzer Prize winning Author Joseph J. Ellis says in this new biography that Americans see their first president on dollar bills, quarters, and Mount Rushmore, but only as "an icon--distant, cold, intimidating." Ellis gives us a fresh portrait.
		The official leader of the Lewis and Clark expedition, surviving the expedition in defiance of the odds, returned home to commit suicide.
	www.historywiz.com /american.htm (252 words)

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