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Topic: History of the British railway system

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Railways Act 1921

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List of British heritage and private railways

	History of the British canal system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The transport system which existed before the canals were built consisted of either coastal shipping, or horses and carts struggling along mostly un-surfaced mud roads, (although there were some surfaced Turnpike roads); there was also a small amount of traffic carried along navigable rivers.
		The bulk of the canal system was built in the Midlands and the north of England, with relatively few canals being built in southern England or London (the Grand Union Canal being an exception).
		By the 1850s the railway system had become well established and the amount of cargo carried on the canals had fallen by nearly two thirds, lost mostly to railway competition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_British_canal_system (1813 words)

	Rail transport in Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Railtrack came close to bankruptcy due to the enormous cost of additional safety measures and was effectively re-nationalised, when ownership of the railway system was transferred to the newly-created "not for profit" company limited by guarantee, Network Rail on October 3, 2002.
		A proportion of the rolling stock of British Rail was sold off to companies that lease or hire stock to passenger and freight operators, as well as to National Rail and railway maintenance companies.
		UK railways are run at arm's length from the government, through two government organisations, both of which have statutory powers under various Acts of Parliament (such as the Railways Act 1993, the Competition Act 1998 and the Transport Act 2000), and both of which receive Directions and Guidance from the Secretaries of State for Transport.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_railway_system (2617 words)

	A HimiIayan Loop Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The mail train from Calcutta left the terminus of the Eastern Bengal State Railway and ran 116 miles to Damookdeah, on the Ganges, where passengers and mails were taken across the river by ferry steamer to Sara Ghat, on the northern bank.
		Before the railway was built, a first-class road, built by the Government at a cost of £6,000 a mile, wound upwards to Darjeeling.
		The construction of the railway considerably reduced the cost of fares and transport, and made the benefits of a "hill climate" available to the poorer European who had to work and live on the plains of Bengal.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r007.html (2215 words)

	History of North Brevard - Titusville, Florida
		The history of the area ranges from the Indian burials at Windover, dating from 6,000 B.C. to the events associated with the development of the space industry at Cape Canaveral during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
		British policy emphasized the economic development of East Florida, particularly the development of trade and commercial agriculture, in contrast to the practices of the Spanish whose primary concerns were military defense and christianization of the Indian population.
		The British crown and the Florida governor distributed numerous grants during the period, although compared to those of the early years of British rule, they were small, seldom exceeding one thousand acres.
	www.nbbd.com /godo/history/NBrevHist (9453 words)

	British Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		British Railways (BR), later rebranded as British Rail, ran the British railway system from the nationalisation of the 'Big Four' British railway companies in 1948 until its privatisation in stages between 1994 and 1997.
		British Railways came into existence on 1 January 1948 with the merger of the Big Four, under the control of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission (BTC).
		In 1973 the TOPS system for classifying locomotives and multiple units was introduced, and is the basis of the classification system.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/British-Rail.htm (1593 words)

	Geographia Asia - A Concise History of India
		British engineers in the mid-1800's, busy constructing a railway line between Karachi and Punjab, found ancient, kiln-baked bricks along the path of the track.
		In 1858, a rumor spread among Hindu soldiers that the British were greasing their bullets with the fat of cows and pigs, the former sacred animals to Hindus and the latter unclean animals to Muslims.
		India had become a profitable venture, and the British were loath to allow the Indian population any power in a system that they viewed as their own accomplishment.
	www.geographia.com /india/india02.htm (2502 words)

	Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Atmospheric Railway
		The piston was attached to the floor of the lead railway car by means of a metal plate that projected through a slot in the top of the pipe.
		The new "Atmospheric Railway" achieved a speed of 28 miles per hour and seemed to be capable of steeper gradients than a conventional locomotive could handle.
		So when others cautioned that the Atmospheric Railway was not really the wave of the future, Brunel remained unconcerned and determined to use the atmospheric system for his South Devon line.
	www.thehistorynet.com /bh/blbrunelrailway (635 words)

	Chesapeake and Ohio Historical Society - History of the C&O
		During 1869-1873 the hard work of building through West Virginia was done with large crews working from the new city of Huntington on the Ohio River and White Sulphur (much as the UP and CP had done in the transcontinental work), and the line was closed at Hawks Nest, W. Va. on January 28, 1873.
		From 1900 to 1920 most of the C&O's line tapping the rich bituminous coal fields of southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky were built, and the C&O as it was known throughout the rest of the 20th Century was essentially in place.
		C&O continued to be one of the most profitable and financially sound railways in America, and in 1963 started the modern merger era by "affiliating" with the ancient modern of railroads, the hoary Baltimore & Ohio.
	www.cohs.org /history/history.htm (2090 words)

	British History Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Educational site with encyclopedic articles dealing with various aspects of British history such as Emancipation of Women 1700-1920, and First World War, and Socialism and the Labour Movement.
		"To illuminate the interwoven history of the two nations from the earliest British settlement in Virginia to the present, the exhibition examines exploration and settlement; war, both as enemies and allies; language and literature; science and technology; reform movements; and popular culture."
		Collections of local histories and transcriptions of primary sources (mostly 19th and early 20th centuries) dealing with the historyof London's East End.
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/History/tm/britain.html (1503 words)

	Steamtown NHS: Special History Study
		It is not the purpose of this study to deal in depth with the history of the railroads whose locomotives are in the Steamtown collection, but a brief characterization of the two principal Canadian railroad systems whose locomotives are numbered among those in Scranton is appropriate.
		The Canadian Pacific Railway was incorporated on February 17, 188110 take over a scheme of the Dominion government to build Canada's first transcontinental railroad, connecting the seaboard of British Columbia with the system of railways that already existed in eastern Canada.
		Another railway system in Canada that had an early start was that of the Grand Trunk Railway, incorporated in 1853 by British investors, and for many years the largest privately owned railway system in Canada.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/steamtown/shs3.htm (1529 words)

	[No title]
		Railway signalling in France, Belgium, Germany and Austria has many similarities to American and British signalling, but many interesting differences as well.
		Railway Lamps In 1881, from a contemporary report.
		History of the Block System; Tyer, Sykes and Siemens and Halske
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/railhom.htm (622 words)

	Open Directory - Recreation: Trains and Railroads: Photographs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Railway Photography by Matt Clarke - Collection of photographs, mainly taken in the Midlands of modern UK traction including Class 37, 47 and the new GM locomotives.
		Railways and Nostalgia - Photographs of railways in Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia.
		The Siding - A collection of British railway photographs, most of which were taken in recent years, but with a selection from the early eighties.
	dmoz.org /Recreation/Trains_and_Railroads/Photographs (2528 words)

	Open Directory - Recreation: Trains and Railroads: Miniature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		RHandDR - The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway - The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway (RHDR).
		Strand Park Miniature Railway - This public 7.25 inch gauge railway is situated in the attractive surroundings of the Strand Park on the edge of the River Medway in Kent.
		Weston Park Railway - Weston Park Railway is located in the grounds of Weston Park, a 1,000 acre estate situated on the borders of Shropshire and Staffordshire in the UK.The railway is built to a gauge of 7¼in and runs through a wooded section of the Park.
	dmoz.org /Recreation/Trains_and_Railroads/Miniature (6272 words)

	Stationery Office, Royal Families, Crown Jewels, British History, Balogh International
		This history does - for it has several special features - it is the first full-scale scholarly catalogue of the regalia ever to be published, with distinguished authors who are experts in their field.
		The individual history of each piece is described in detail and this is set against the history of the coronation.
		This book is a record of the 300 year history of the Stamp Office, not only of its position in the country's taxation system, but also of its impact on social history, and in one case, on world history.
	www.balogh.com /british/crown_jewels.html (3183 words)

	[No title]
		For, under the dowry system, the birth of a girl is a curse to a poor family, as well as a curse to the girl herself.
		The Shimla-Kalka Railway is the ideal conduit for the transportation and transformation to this altered state of India.
		It was once the summer destination for British high society and currently is the same for the Indian upper crust, but I like to think of it as the place where the people live in cages and the monkeys roam free.
	www.coolgrrrls.com /pages/asia2.html (21542 words)

	[No title]
		However, British influence diminished along the Missouri after 1800, and the Red River Valley likewise fell into American control in 1818 when the London Convention established the 49th Parallel as the northern boundary between the United States and British possessions in North America.
		The resulting "oil rush" coincided with expanding use of lignite coal to generate electricity; in 1952 and 1954, two coal-fired plants were built near Velva and Mandan, and oil refineries were established at Williston and Mandan, as well.
		Attracting the capital necessary to develop necessary services, providing jobs and income for the people, and diversifying a colonial economy are tasks that have faced the state's leaders since its earliest days.
	www.state.nd.us /hist/ndhist.htm (5066 words)

	Amazon.com: National Geographic's The Great Indian Railway (1998) : Video (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The British Empire's legacy to India is the subcontinent's railway system.
		The largest railway under single management in the world, it covers 40,000 miles and has 7,000 stations, with 11,000 trains running every day and 80 million people depending on the train for their livelihood.
		In just two hours such themes as the history of India, the politics of India, the religion of India, the geography of India, the passing of an era and growing older are skillfully and lyricly woven together with a story line that overtly explores the end of the steam era on the Indian rail system.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/6304474873?v=glance (1025 words)

	The Historical Society, Boston University
		The British created an integrated Indian market: they unified weights, measures, and the currency, abolished transit duties and introduced a “legal framework [which] promoted private property rights and contract law more explicitly.” They invested substantially in repairing and enlarging the country’s ancient irrigation system: between 1891 and 1938, the acreage under irrigation more than doubled.
		The British settled in large numbers in temperate zones, taking their institutions with them; in the tropics, they preferred to rely on monopoly companies and plantations run in (unequal) partnership with indigenous elites.
		New technologies like railways and steam power were therefore spread across the world, reaching countries they would not have reached had those countries been self-governing or under some other less liberal form of imperial rule.
	www.bu.edu /historic/hs/april03.html (11896 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Dadabhai Naoroji: The Benefits of British Rule, 1871 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Political aspirations and the legitimate claim to have a reasonable voice in the legislation and the imposition and disbursement of taxes, met to a very slight degree, thus treating the natives of India not as British subjects, in whom representation is a birthright.
		The policy adopted during the last fifteen years of building railways, irrigation works, etc., is hopeful, has already resulted in much good to your credit, and if persevered in, gratitude and contentment will follow.
		The natives call the British system "Sakar ki Churi," the knife of sugar.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1871britishrule.html (928 words)

	The Silk Road
		He seems to have shown little interest in the history of the regions he was passing through, however, and his reports of military campaigns are full of inaccuracies, though this might be due to other additions or misinformation.
		The British, in particular, were interested in consolidating some of the land north of their Indian territories.
		The railway connecting Lanzhou to Urumchi has been extended to the border with Kazakhstan, where on 12th September 1990 it was finally joined to the former Soviet railway system, providing an important route to the new republics and beyond.
	www.ess.uci.edu /~oliver/silk.html (8680 words)

	The Future of the British Railway System.
		Below is a short sample of the essay "The Future of the British Railway System.".
		Transport economists have differing views on the future of the railways but many 'specialists want a cut in the number of train operators, a more realistic 10 year transport plan, with cuts in the projected growth of passenger numbers' (Walker, The Guardian, 18th January 2002).
		In a survey carried out along the Wirral railway line in the North West of England 30 rail workers were asked if they saw the future of railtrack either in re-nationalization, privatization or don't know.
	www.coursework.info /i/44784.html (418 words)

	Railways Act 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Railways Act of 1921, also known as the Grouping forcibly merged British railway companies into "The Big Four", as of 1st January 1923.
		The British railway system had been built haphazardly by many companies which were strongly competitive with each other.
		During the 1914-1918 Great War the railways had been under state control which continued until 1921.
	www.mcfly.org /wik/Railways_Act_1921 (171 words)

	Monorails in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Based on a 1821 patent by Henry Robinson Palmer, the Cheshunt Railway was actually built to carry bricks, but made monorail history by carrying passengers at its opening.
		The worst disaster in monorail history occurred on January 27, 1879 with this engine.
		The "Telfer" Monorail had coaches the size of railway cars and was conceived as a mass transit system demonstrator.
	monorails.org /tMspages/History.html (1000 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Oxford Companion to British Railway History: From 1603 to the 1990s: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Its coverage of issues such as railway architecture and railway heraldry, for example, could have benefited enormously from more historical sophistication and a greater awareness of recent scholarship.
		The illustrations are meagre, especially given the price (would a photograph or two really have been too much trouble?) and the maps - small, cluttered, failing to interact with the entries they are supposed to be illustrating - are a waste of space.
		The sectional maps of the British railway system tell one nothing one cannot find better presented elsewhere.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198662386 (587 words)

	Transit History of Victoria, British Columbia
		Operator of transit in Vancouver and interurbans on the Lower Mainland.
		Also operated transit service in Vancouver and interurban service on the Saanich Peninsula and the Lower Mainland.
		By 1945 was operating eight streetcar routes and eleven bus routes in greater Victoria (CC67).
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/alltime/victoria-bc.html (663 words)

	Transit History of Vancouver, British Columbia
		"Services are operated for the Vancouver Regional Transit System by BC Transit, the West Vancouver Municipal Transportation Department, Independant Bus and Transportation Inc., and British Columbia Rapid Transit Operating Company Ltd. (SkyTrain)" (BC Transit 1989/90).
		Maple Ridge network absorbed 16 December 1991, with Independent Bus and Transportation, Ltd. continuing as the contract operator for local routes until 19 October 1992 when BC Transit took over (Brian Mills, 2001).
		While the PGE (now BC Rail) was certainly never intended as urban transit, the railway's North Vancouver to West Vancouver line was essentially just a passenger interurban gascar railway from its construction to the closure of the line in 1928.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/alltime/vancouver-bc.html (992 words)

	The LNER Webring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Hull and Barnsley Railway Stock Fund exists to record and preserve the rolling stock and history of the H&BR.
		The objectives of The Great Northern Railway Society are to foster interest in, and to record and preserve the history of the Great Northern Railway.
		Fox Transfers are manufacturers of precision screen printed model railway New Waterslide Transfers of the British standard gauge railway system from the nineteenth century to the present day.
	s.webring.com /hub?ring=lnerwr (818 words)

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