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Topic: History of the English penny

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	penny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A penny (pl. pence or pennies) is a unit of currency or a coin used in several English-speaking countries:
		Elsewhere in the English-speaking world, the plural of "penny" is "pence" when referring to a quantity of money and "pennies" when referring to a number of coins.
		In Canada, penny originally referred to pence coinage that they used until 1859 since there was a coin with the word "penny" on it (for pence).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /penny.html (363 words)

	History of the English penny (1154-1485) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A short-cross penny of Henry III struck at Canterbury
		No more pennies were minted until his third, or Florin, coinage in 1344–1351 (so-called because the dies were made by two craftsmen from Florence).
		During this period large quantities of inferior quality European coins circulated alongside the high-quality English coins, producing a real-life example of Gresham's law as English coins were smuggled to the continent to be melted down, alloyed with other metals and remanufactured as fake pennies and returned to England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_Penny_part_2 (1964 words)

	History of the English penny
		This article refers to the penny coin which existed from its introduction in England in the reign of Offa of Mercia in the eighth century until decimalisation of the currency in 1971.
		The silver penny was introduced to England around the year 785 by King Offa of Mercia, in the English midlands.
		From the time of King Offa, the penny was the only denomination of coin minted in England for some five hundred years, until the attempted gold coinage issue of King Henry II, and the later issues of King Edward III.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/h/hi/history_of_the_english_penny.shtml (315 words)

	History of the English Family
		English was elected secretary, and later was delegated to supervise the publication of the Constitution, the Journals and Addresses.
		English was a delegate to the Chicago National Democratic Convention of 1892, and in his speech favoring the nomination of Grover Cleveland for president was one of the happiest conceived and best received speeches of the convention.
		English was a landscape gardener of rare ability, and it is due principally to her interest and planning that the present Englishton Park is adorned with the plantings that have transformed it into a place of rare beauty.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Hills/7705/EnglishFamily.htm (4423 words)

	BUHS \| English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		English 9A/B is a course emphasizing writing skills, literature and grammar necessary to the success of the high school student.
		English 9 is a high school-level course emphasizing literature, grammar and writing skills necessary to the college prep and general ability high school English student.
		English 9 Honors is a demanding, advanced literature-based course for the college bound student.
	www.buhs.k12.ca.us /courses/English (1122 words)

	pence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The plural of "penny" is "pence" when referring to a quantity of money and "pennies" when referring to a number of coins.
		Thus a coin worth five times as much as one penny is worth five pence, but it is not five pennies, since "five pennies" means five coins each of which is a penny.
		In the USA, "penny" is normally used only to refer to the coin; the quantity of money is a "cent".
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Pence.html (263 words)

	History of the penny
		From there, the history of the penny can be shown to be perhaps as old as the first use of minted coinage ever.
		The pennies of 1793-1796 were called the large cap coins due to the large cap hovering the head of the party embossed on the coin.
		The 1960 small date penny was a collector's dream as was the 1955 obverse and also the 1969 San Francisco S which was thought to be counterfeit even by some government officials.
	ky.essortment.com /historypenny_rmor.htm (1459 words)

	'A Brief History of the Penny'
		Although the present abbreviation for penny is p (introduced in 1971 to distinguish the new decimalised penny) the previous abbreviation was the symbol d possibly after the Roman denarius, which was the first coinage in regular use in England, or alternatively to indicate that it had 1/12th (duodecimal) of the value of a shilling.
		By law the value of the coin corresponded to the weight of silver but often pennies were not worth their face value either because of dishonest minting or the fraudulent practice of clipping small parts off the edge of the coins.
		In 1902 (at the beginning of the reign of Edward VII, 1902-1910) bronze pennies consisted of 9.4 grams of bronze composed of 95% copper, 4% tin, and 1% zinc.
	www.magicpenny.org /engpennyhistory.htm (831 words)

	Penny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A penny''' (pl. '''pence''' or '''pennies) is a unit of currency or a coin used in several English languageEnglish/-speaking countries:
		Elsewhere in the English languageEnglish-speaking world, the plural of "penny" is "pence" when referring to a quantity of money and "pennies" when referring to a number of coin/s.
		Penny stocks retreated at midday on June 7 as bargain hunting fizzled out after two days but blue chips were higher, led by several banking stocks and MISC foreign.
	www.infothis.com /find/Penny (610 words)

	History of the English penny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the reign of Ethelred the Unready (978–1016), some 40 million pennies were paid to the Danes, while King Canute (Knut) (1016–1035) paid off his invasion army with another 20 million pennies.
		The penny initially weighed 20 to 22.5 grains (1.3 to 1.5 g) of pure silver.
		From the time of King Offa, the penny was the only denomination of coin minted in England for 500 years, until the attempted gold coinage issue of King Henry III, and the later issues of King Edward III.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/History-of-the-English-penny.htm (411 words)

	Eric Shackle's eBook - Penny Lane
		We mentioned Penny Bridge, Cumbria; Pennyfuir, Argyll and Bute; Pennyghael, Argyll and Bute; Pennyglen, South Ayrshire; Pennygown, Argyll and Bute, and Pennymoor, Devon.
		The Penny Lane road sign on the corner is surely the most-stolen one in the country.
		House names in Northern England appear to relate more to topography and industrial history, while Midlands names were more agricultural; Wales has a high maritime segment, and SE England fancies an apple and woodland theme.
	www.bdb.co.za /shackle/articles/penny_lane.htm (772 words)

	Newspaper History
		But news is not about history, really, but about profits, when publishers are thinking clearly, and newspaper publishers were thinking clearly from the very beginning.
		History is what historians make out of everything left from the past.
		The history of newspapers is an often-dramatic chapter of the human experience going back some five centuries.
	www.historicpages.com /nprhist.htm (2279 words)

	Stephen1
		I am primarily concerned with the history of a school or sect, not with the history of the arguments by which it justifies itself in the court of pure reason.
		A history written upon these terms would show primarily what, as a fact, were the dominant beliefs during a given period, and state which survived, which disappeared, and which were transformed or engrafted upon other systems of thought.
		The English parish with its squire, its parson, its lawyer and its labouring population was a miniature of the British Constitution in general.
	www.ecn.bris.ac.uk /het/bentham/stephen1.htm (20358 words)

	[No title]
		"Penny for the guy, mister?" is a common refrain at this time of year.
		In the last 10 years however, with the pervasiveness of American television and culture in England, the custom of celebrating Halloween is in the ascendancy, and many children are now going for the double treat: candy on October 31, money for November 5.
		A group of English Catholics, of which Guido Fawkes was a member, decided to kill the King because feeling he had reneged on his promises to stop the persecution of Catholics.
	www.billpetro.com /HolidayHistory/hol/guy.html (536 words)

	PENNY FACTS AND INFORMATION
		In the USA and Canada, "penny" is normally used to refer to the coin; the quantity of money is a "cent".
		The lettering "new pence" was changed to "pence" on British decimal coinage in 1982.
		As a forename Penny is a familiar version of the name 'Penelope'
	www.witwib.com /penny (374 words)

	Bambooweb: History of the english penny 1154-1485 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		History of the English penny (1066-1154) (7897 bytes)
		History of the English penny (1154-1485) (16764 bytes)
		1: {{History of the English penny}} 3: == The Plantagenets (1154andndash;1485) == 4:...ual decline in the number of mints used to strike English coins.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/h/i/History_of_the_English_penny__1154-1485__.html (190 words)

	Nipmuc
		As English settlement spread west, the power of the confederacies over the Nipmuc was broken, most notably when the English colonists destroyed the Pequot during a war in 1637.
		Although the English during the early years were careful to acquire native lands by formal purchase, there is some question what would have happened if the Nipmuc had refused to sell.
		These were so grateful to the English for their new-found salvation that almost all of them joined King Philip's uprising against the colonists in 1675.
	www.dickshovel.com /nipmuc.html (1949 words)

	NYPL Digital Gallery \| "Penny Plains" and "Two-pence Coloured:" English Theatrical Portraits, ...
		Identified by the prices (in English coin) purchasers paid for them, the "penny plain" and "twopence coloured" theatrical portraits here depict renowned actors Joseph Grimaldi, Edmund Kean, Charles and Fanny Kemble, Madame Vestris and William Macready, among others.
		Single prints in fl ink on white paper were called "penny plains" while those with color added by the seller were the "twopence coloured." West's first subject was Joseph Grimaldi in "Mother Goose," a role that brought him fame and lifelong success on the stage.
		In "A Penny Plain and Twopence Coloured," the title of a chapter by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) in his Memories and Portraits, the author recounts his childhood experience of gazing longingly through a store window at sets of prints for successful plays with renowned actors, and his first acquisition.
	digitalgallery.nypl.org /nypldigital/explore/dgexplore.cfm?topic=all&collection=PennyPlainsandTwopen&col_id=152 (397 words)

	Royalty.nu - The British Royal Family, the Windsors
		The history of the royal family, including the death of Princess Diana and that tragedy's aftermath.
		The Constitutional History of England by Henry Hallam.
		This travel guide takes the reader on a tour through London's royal history, and is intended to educate children between the ages of 9 and 12.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/England/Windsor (3026 words)

	History of the Monarchy > Kings and queens of England (to 1603)
		History of the Monarchy > Kings and queens of England (to 1603)
		The history of the English Crown up to the Union of the Crowns in 1603 is long and eventful.
		The concept of a single ruler unifying different tribes based in England developed in the eighth and ninth centuries in figures such as Offa and Alfred the Great, who began to create centralised systems of government.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page10.asp (194 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A penny(pl. pence or pennies''') is a unit of currency or a coin used in several English-speaking countries:
		Note that this word is not officially used by the United States Mint; they use cent.
		When dealing with British or Irish (pound) money, amounts of the decimal "new pence" less than £1 may be suffixed with "p", as in 2p, 5p, 26p, 72p.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Penny (385 words)

	Open Directory - Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: England: Society and Culture: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		English Culture - Discover the fads, foibles, history and eccentricities of England and the English.
		Times of Change in the History of England - A brief history of the periods of transition in England, including the Norman Conquest, the Plague, and the Reformation.
		The Victoria County History - Based at the Institute of Historical Research, the English local history series began in 1899 and was dedicated to Queen Victoria.
	dmoz.org /Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Society_and_Culture/History (710 words)

	History of the English Baptists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We have dwelt the longer on the history of Mr.
		Their spirit of intolerance may be learned from the history of those times, and especially from some acts of the government.
		This remonstrance was supported by the whole Scotch nation, who acted in concert with their English brethren, as appears by a letter of thanks to the lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-council, from the general assembly, dated June 10, 1646, within a month after the delivery of the remonstrance.
	www.reformedreader.org /history/ivimey/chapter06.htm (11742 words)

	Open Directory - Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Society and Culture: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		History Footsteps - Local history resources for schools from the Victoria County History: The Bristol Slavery Trail, Travelling through Codford and Warter...living in an estate village.
		History of the United Kingdom - A large collection of primary sources on British history.
		Suite101 - British Social History - Articles on the social history of the British, including their daily lives, their culture, the different influences on different eras of the arts and the fashions and styles of different eras.
	dmoz.org /Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Society_and_Culture/History (1353 words)

	About US
		As soon as possible, Penny (who had since resigned her commission from the Air Force) came down, and they would spend their evenings studying Vietnamese for months, living in a studio apartment, celebrating Christmas with a foot high plastic tree.
		Work was good, and Penny's mother would come for wonderful, extended visits of upwards of seven months, affording Penny the chance to work as a civilian nurse in the Army field hospital, in labor and delivery.
		It was at this time that, while Penny was working in the same Army hospital, in the same delivery room where Paul and Kate were born, another Hunger arrived, Jonathan William (July 11, 1980).
	home.satx.rr.com /hungerhollow/aboutus.htm (2921 words)

	Coffee History - Learn all about the history of coffee and things you never know. Did you know section.
		Coffeehouses are called "penny universities" (a penny is charged for admission and a cup of coffee).
		The word “TIPS” is coined in an English coffee house: A sign reading “To Insure Prompt Service” (TIPS) was place by a cup.
		No portion of this article(s) or item(s) may be copied, retransmitted, reposted, duplicated or otherwise used without the express written approval of the author, webmaster, and/or the relevant contributors.
	www.koffeekorner.com /koffeehistory.htm (554 words)

	Belize History, Ambergris Caye History, Ambergris Caye, Belize
		They were great astronomers, created an efficient calendar, derived their own writing system and developed ingenious mathematical concepts including the concept of 0.
		English officials allowed them to settle hoping they would help to feed the workers in the wood-products camps.
		A people cannot choose the circumstances in which they make their history, but they can become conscious of themselves and their past, and from that font they can attempt to draw the confidence, discipline and ideas to deal with their potential problems in the future.
	ambergriscaye.com /pages/mayan/history.html (6263 words)

	History1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These pennies were used as fees upon entering coffee houses--thus, the name Penny Univerisities.
		The coffee and tea house had the greatest influence in the development of a free press, the creation of the literary essay as a genre, the founding of interest clubs, and the roots of big British business.
		This coffee plant was the first in the Americas, the forerunner for what would become one of the major coffee-providing- nations in the world.
	www.pennyuniversities.com /History1.html (605 words)

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