History of the IPA

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Topic: History of the IPA

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	History of I.P.A. Luxembourg
		Unfortunately the first dynamic president of the IPA Luxembourg Eugène Bertrand died six years after its foundation in the year 1967.
		The IPA Luxembourg took part in different IEC and World-congresses, such as in Stuttgart, Blackpool, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Paris, Palermo, Kopenhagen, Montreux, Graz, London, Calgary, Perugia, Wiesbaden, Antwerp, Aberdeen, Paris Zurich, Rotterdam, Lissabon and New Zealand.
		To mention just a few contributions: the exhibition of aquarelles, the aid for the injured of the earth quake in Italy, the food-supply for Poland, the cloth-collection for the children in the home of Betzdorf and two anti-drug discos a.s.o.
	www.ipa.lu /ipa3.htm (507 words)

	VENEZUELA encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, VENEZUELA politics and officials, VENEZUELA History. Travel to VENEZUELA
		Venezuela borders Brazil to the south, Guyana to the east, and Colombia to the west.
		The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (IPA: [ËvÉnÉËzwelÉ]; Spanish: RepÃºblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, IPA: [re'puÎ²lika boliÎ²aÉ¾iana de benesu'ela]) is a country on the northern tropical Caribbean coast of South America.
		North of the Venezuelan coast lie the islands of Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and Trinidad and Tobago.
	www.venezuelaiworld.com (220 words)

	Kazakhstan encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Kazakhstan politics and officials, Kazakhstan History. Travel to Kazakhstan
		The Republic of Kazakhstan or Kazakhstan (Kazakh:ÒÐ°Ð·Ð°ÒÑÑÐ°Ð½, Qazaqstan, IPA /qÉ‘zÉ‘qËstÉ‘n/; Russian: ÐÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½, KazakhstÃ¡n, IPA /kÉzÉxËstÉn/), also spelled Kazakstan, is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Asia.
		Kazakhstan was a republic of the former Soviet Union and is now a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
		Kazakhstan encyclopedia : Cultural Information, Maps, Kazakhstan politics and officials, Kazakhstan History.
	www.kazakhstaniworld.com (340 words)

	International Phonetic Alphabet Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language.
		The letters chosen for the IPA are generally drawn from the Latin and Greek alphabets, or are modifications of Latin or Greek letters.
		It is intended as a notational standard for the phonemic and phonetic representation of all spoken languages.
	www.ourlocalcolor.com /encyclopedia/International_Phonetic_Alphabet (1829 words)

	Home Page to the IPA - British Section
		Information on the IPA, its history, and other international links can be found HERE.
		The Association is committed to the principles set out in the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights as adopted by the United Nations on 10th December 1948
		Take on board the many opportunities that become available to members, including the chance to expand your policing knowledge by receiving information from or visiting the many I.P.A. members throughout the World.
	www.ipa-uk.org (1829 words)

	Pronunciation Guide
		Not all publishers use exactly the same IPA scheme; Professor Wells has an article that gives a brief history of the evolution of IPA and which comments on the distinctive system that has been adopted by Oxford Dictionaries
		The IPA scheme is similar to that employed by Oxford Dictionaries, while the text symbols are those of the European SAMPA scheme.
		Symbols for the sounds are given both in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which appear on our Web pages, and as text in the set of equivalents which are perforce used in our weekly mailings to subscribers.
	www.worldwidewords.org /pronguide.htm (1829 words)

	IPA Newsletter 9:2 North American Psychoanalysis
		IPA members of the other North American societies constantly feel the shadow and the tug of the American, which unfortunately sometimes leads to antagonistic and depleting battles; some had to be fought to gain legitimate recognition.
		This is reflected in its psychoanalytic politics which have a broad and complex history.* One of the most significant realities of North American psychoanalysis and its intellectual community has been the vast influence of the American on its fellow organizations.
		And since the American is the only Regional Association in the IPA, it plays a large role in the IPA itself.
	eseries.ipa.org.uk /prev/newsletter/00-2/G9.htm (1829 words)

	IPA Newsletter 7:1
		This fund is administered by a Research Advisory Board (of which I was asked to be the first chairman) consisting of 28 members from all the IPA regions and language groups and with a range of expertise across the whole spectrum of kinds of psychoanalytic research.
		A report of the House of Delegates committee on this topic was published in Volume 6, Issue 2, 1997, of the IPA Newsletter by the chair of the committee, Hilke Engelbrecht of Peru.
		Is the future of psychoanalysis an illusion, just a twentieth century phenomenon sustained by Freud’s impact on the climate of the century, and destined now to pass into history as have so many other intellectual or political ‘movements’ over historic time?
	eseries.ipa.org.uk /prev/newsletter/98-1/wallerst.htm (1829 words)

	The Modern IPA
		By now, most beer lovers have heard about how traditional IPAs were brewed strong and extremely hoppy to survive long voyages to distant, God-forsaken heathen lands of the British Empire (and a rather large former colony), so let’s skip the rest of the history lesson and dive straight into the deep end.
		Either they are ignorant of what an IPA really is, or their trying to pull a fast one on consumers.
		With the current prevalent thinking in Britain being that a 5.0 percent ABV beer is a "strong" beer, the odds for the reintroduction of 6.0 to 9.0 percent ABV IPAs are long indeed.
	www.allaboutbeer.com /style/modern_ipa.html (1829 words)

	14
		History: An American version of the historical English style, brewed using American ingredients and attitude.
		Comments: Bigger than either an English or American IPA in both alcohol strength and overall hop level (bittering and finish).
		Flavor: Hop flavor is medium to high, and should reflect an American hop character with citrusy, floral, resinous, piney or fruity aspects.
	www.bjcp.org /finalstyles/Category14.html (1829 words)

	GS Central: Insignia Found Online: American Patriotism Interest Project Award
		Research the flag disposal ceremony's history and presentation, then teach a younger troop, a group of children, or your family about disposing of an unusable flag.
		Girl Scout badges, patches, awards, and other insignia that are earned for the accomplishment of skill-building activities or any set requirements should be presented, worn, or displayed only after Girl Scouts have completed the requirements outlined in the appropriate program materials.
		The American Patriotism Interest Project award was adapted from one developed by Rockland County Girl Scout Council (New City, New York).
	www.girlscouts.org /program/gs_central/insignia/online/11_17/american_patriotism.asp (1829 words)

	20020209
		Sure the history of the IPA is English, but it seems to me that, as a distinct style, it's now American.
		I contend that even when these lesser know styles are presented at their very best, they are still at a disadvantage and never really have a fair chance because of the other styles in the same category that they're always up against and the judges' difference in familiarity with those other styles.
		The problem I see with IPA is that we are not making beers anything like the historical IPA, instead producing American IPA's primarily.
	homeroastnbrew.info /judge/2002/20020209 (1829 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.100: IPA history & haceks, American stereotyping of foreign lgs
		In contrast, the IPA has a basic principle that diacritics should be avoided for basic phonemic contrasts, unless using a diacritic allows us to avoid making a whole new series of symbols (such as aspiration in stops, nasalization in vowels, dentals vs. alveolars, etc.).
		Pullum and Ladusaw report that the hacek-series seems to have been adopted by North Americans explicitly because it was easy to adapt to typing, which has been an explicit concern of North American linguists for most of the 20th Century, but NOT a concern of the IPA.
		Two weeks ago, I made an inquiry about how differences between North American and IPA transcription systems developed, with particular reference to why the IPA does not use the hacek-series for palatoalveolar consonants, but instead uses the made-up characters long-s (instead of s-hacek) and yogh (instead of z-hacek).
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-100.html (1829 words)

	The IJPA - Book Review
		He made it crystal clear that as the leader of the IPA his loyalties and intentions were entirely in the service of that organisation, and he resigned his committee places in the American.
		In essence, membership of the IPA was not possible for non-physician analysts from the United States, who, as Wallerstein says, felt the IPA was their natural home.
		The position of the IPA vis-à-vis the American was a historically based anomaly, and here was Robert Wallerstein, distinguished member of the American, now leading the IPA but yoked to APsaA as a co-defendant on an issue the IPA membership did not generally support.
	www.ijpa.org /bookreview813.htm (1829 words)

	Peru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		IPA [re'pu.βli.ka del pe'ru]), is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		Peru is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia on the north, Brazil to the east, and Bolivia and Chile to the southeast and south, respectively.
		Like its rich national history, the popular culture of contemporary Peru is the result of a fusion of cultures, constituted primarily from the cultural legacy of the Incas and the culture of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peru (4175 words)

	Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Panama (English: Panamá, IPA [re'puβlika ðe pana'ma]) is the southernmost country of Central America.
		Panama is located in both North and Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica.
		The Panamanian government went through periods of political instability and corruption, however, and at various times in its history, the mandate of an elected president terminated prematurely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panama (1475 words)

	Norfolk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norfolk (pronounced IPA: /'nɔ:fək/) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England.
		Norfolk's low lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are not chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to the sea, the most recent major event being the North Sea flood of 1953.
		Norfolk's county town and only city is Norwich, one of the largest settlements in England during the Norman era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norfolk (1568 words)

	Athens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Athens (Greek:Αθήνα Athína IPA /a'θina/) is the capital of Greece and one of the most famous cities in the world.
		Athens sprawls across the central plain of Attica, which is bound by Mount Aegaleo in the west, Mount Parnitha in the north, Mount Penteli in the northeast, Mount Hymettus in the east, and the Saronic Gulf in the southwest.
		Athens was the leading city in Greece during the greatest period of Greek civilisation during the 1st millennium BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Athens (4305 words)

	Albania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, IPA [ɾɛpublika ɛ ʃciəpəɾisə]) is a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe.
		Since 1990 Albania has been diplomatically oriented towards the West, it was accepted to the Council of Europe and has requested membership of NATO.
		Albania's coastline on the Ionian Sea, near the Greek tourist island of Corfu, is becoming increasingly popular with foreign visitors due to its relatively unspoilt nature and good beaches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albania (2003 words)

	Guatemala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: República de Guatemala, IPA: [re'puβlika ðe gwate'mala]) is a country in Central America, in the south of the continent of North America, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
		After this, the Guatemalan provinces formed the United Provinces of Central America, also referred to as the Central American Federation (Federacion de Estados Centroamericanos).
		Guatemala's location on the Atlantic Ocean has left it a target for hurricanes, including Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and Hurricane Stan in 2005, in which upwards of 1,500 died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guatemala (1760 words)

	Encyclopedia: Adolf Hiler
		The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic IPA (German Weimarer Republik).
		During the 1920s, the implications of this along with his known family history were politically explosive, especially for the proponent of a racist ideology.
		Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec), with a population of 305,000 (council census 2000) is the second-largest city in Austria and the capital of the province of Styria (Steiermark in German).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Adolf-Hiler (11644 words)

	Socialist Party (Portugal) Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ TheLocalColorArtGallery.com
		The President of Portugal until January 2006, Jorge Sampaio, is a member of the party.
		José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal, is the leader of the party.
		IPA: /pɐɾ.'ti.ðu su.sjɐ.'liʃ.tɐ/) is a political party of Portugal.
	www.thelocalcolorartgallery.com /encyclopedia/Socialist_Party_(Portugal) (370 words)

	Encyclopedia: IPA chart for English
		Image File history File links Download high resolution version (899x887, 255 KB) // Summary Description in terms of clock hours and compass azimuth: The diagram is a subjective, kinesthetic impression of the position of the mouth while pronouncing monophthongs which occur in broad transcription of English: the position of the mouth...
		It is a dialect of English English often taught to non-native speakers, and represented in the pronunciation schemes of most British dictionaries.
		Received Pronunciation (RP) is a form of pronunciation of the English language, sometimes defined as the educated spoken English of southeastern England.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/IPA-chart-for-English (678 words)

	Thai Isan Lao Phrasebook
		If there should be phonetics to English, IPA should be used, as the Thai and Lao alphabets are not suitable to fully describe the English language.
		Sundial in Isan (NE-Thailand) and ancient orientation of Khmer temples
		Sound-tracks in 3 languages on CD-ROM read by local residents from Bangkok (Thai), Maha Sarakham (Isan), and Vientiane (Laos P.D.R) covering all texts in the book.
	www.geocities.com /lao_thai2000 (253 words)

	Dominican Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dominican sentiment towards these immigrants is frequently negative, and at times in its history, including the period during and after Haiti merged the two nations (the 19th century and the reign of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo), there have been anti-Haitian pogroms, slaughtering 18,000 Haitians at the border [1].
		The Dominican Republic, (Spanish: República Dominicana, IPA [re'puβlika domini'kana]) is a country located on the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, bordering Haiti.
		Eighty-nine percent of Dominicans are baptized in the Roman Catholic Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dominican_Republic (2273 words)

	IPA - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The three-letter acronym IPA can stand for any of the following (listed in alphabetical order):
		IPA - Art History Online Reference and Guide
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/IPA (45 words)

	Zygote
		Greek (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – "Hellenic") is an Indo-European language with a documented history of 3,500 years.
		Diploid cells (meaning double in Greek) have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome (both sex- and non-sex determining chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father.
		In the later case these are known as allopolyploids (also known as amphidiploids or allotetraploids), that are formed from the hybridisation of two separate species followed by their subsequent chromosome doubling.
	dan.neodvisnosti.sl.reference.pl /en/zygote (9659 words)

	International Phonetic Alphabet
		The alphabet has undergone a number of revisions during its history, including some major ones codified by the IPA Kiel Convention (1989); the most recent revision was in 1993, updated again in 1996.
		These teachers based the IPA upon the Romic alphabet of Henry Sweet (1880–1881, 1971), which was formed from the Phonotypic Alphabet of Isaac Pitman and Alexander John Ellis (Kelly 1981).
		The difference between these alphabets and IPA is relatively small, although often the special characters of the IPA are abandoned in favour of diacritics or digraphs in these alphabets, since many typewriters and older computer software have no support for the many special characters of the IPA.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=International_Phonetic_Alphabet (2510 words)

	Resources A-Z
		Uchronia.net: The Alternate History List, UCLA Language Profiles, UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive, UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID), Unicode, Universal Declaration of Human Rights Translation Database, Universal Language Dictionary, Universal Translator Assistant Project, UPSID MacProlog Interface, Urban Dictionary
		Samizdata Blogging Glossary, A Secret Vice, Seri Dissertation (Marlett 1981), SIL Language Software, Slaviconlang, SLIPA, Some Internet Resources Relating To Constructed Languages, Sound Change Applier, Sound Change Discussion, Sound Reference to the IPA, SpaniCity, Swadesh List, Systematic Kinship Terminologies
		Ideolengua, Indo-European Languages, Indo-European Phonetics, Indo-European Roots, Inspiration Pad Pro, International Phonetic Association, Introducing Phonology, Intro to Phonetics Notes and Resources, Invent Your Own Naming Language, IPA, IPA Homepage, IPA Keyboard Layout for Mac OS X, IPA/SAMPA, IPA Zounds
	www.langmaker.com /db/rsc_a2z_index.htm (551 words)

	Internet Search : Recreation : Food : Drink : Beer : Brewers : Microbrewers_and_Brewpubs : North_America : United_States : California
		Beers include Amber Ale, Ambrosia Golden Wheat, Blueberry Ale, Cole Porter, Elaphant Ale, Exta Pale Ale, Honey Blonde, IPA, Oatmeal Stout, Pismo Lager, Red Rye and Sap Head-Russian Imperial Stout.
		Beers include South Park Blonde, Amendment Pale Ale, North Star Red, O'Sullivan's Irish Ale, U.S. IPA, 563 Nitro Stout and Lower De Boom Barleywine.
		Beers include Gray Whale Ale, Blue Whale Ale, Killer Whale Stout, Imperial Stout, Orca Porter, Columbus IPA, Emerald Ale, Triple, Code Blue Barleywine and seasonals.
	www.sserv.com /internet-search/Recreation/Food/Drink/Beer/Brewers/Microbrewers_and_Brewpubs/North_America/United_States/California (551 words)

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Topic: History of the IPA

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In the News (Sun 27 Dec 09)