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	History of the Jews in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution, but, despite legal equality anti-Semitism remained an issue, as illustrated in the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century.
		The provost was to escort the Jews to the frontier of the kingdom.
		History of the Jews in: Albania • Andorra •Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland •
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France (6797 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: History of the Jews
		It manifested itself in 1171 when the Jews of Blois were burned on the charge of having used Christian blood in their Passover, and it allowed Philip Augustus in the year of his accession (1180) to decree the confiscation of all the unmovable goods of his Jewish subjects and their banishment from his domains.
		They oppress the Jews by starvation, imprisonment, and by tortures and sufferings; they afflict them with all kinds of punishments, and sometimes even condemn them to death, so the Jews, although living under Christian princes, are in a worse plight than were their ancestors in the land of the Pharaohs.
		The Jews of Italy fared better during the same period, owing to the fact that the flourishing republics of Venice, Florence, Genoa, and Pisa appreciated and needed them as capitalists and diplomatists; and it is worthy of notice that the Italian Jews were very prompt in availing themselves of the newly invented art of typography.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08386a.htm (12633 words)

	Jew - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jews (Hebrew: יהודים, Yehudim) are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people (also known as the Jewish nation, or the Children of Israel), an ethno-religious group descended from the ancient Israelites and from converts who joined their religion.
		During the 19th century, France's policies of equal citizenship regardless of religion led to the immigration of Jews (especially from Eastern and Central Europe), which was encouraged by Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Jews were subject to expulsions from England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire throughout the Middle Ages, with most of the population moving to Eastern Europe and especially Poland, which was uniquely tolerant of the Jews through the 1700s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jew (5873 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - France
		Jews were first permitted to reside in Belfort, the capital of the Belfort region in eastern France, in the 1300s.
		The culmination of all the persecution and bloodshed was the definitive expulsion of Jews from France in 1394.
		An influx of North African Jews immigrated to France in the 1950's due to the decline of the French empire.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/France.html (4851 words)

	Sample Chapter for Benbassa, E.: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present.
		The Jews' fidelity to these emperors was commensurate with their gratitude, which did not fail to arouse animosity toward them on the part of groups opposed to the regime.
		The relations between the emperor and the Jews are surrounded by a certain number of legends spread by an entire narrative literature, notably the account from a Christian source known as the Pseudo-Philomena, composed by a monk in the thirteenth century, attributing to the Jews an essential role in the surrender of Narbonne.
		The history of the Jews in European lands during the Middle Ages is also one of circumstantial alliances such as these, which determined the condition and, above all, the survival of the group.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s6706.html (4011 words)

	Jewish History Sourcebook: The Expulsion of the Jews from France, 1182 CE
		The Expulsion of the Jews from France, 1182 CE THE Jews had already been settled in France for over a thousand years when Philip Augustus came to power in 1179.
		When the faithless Jews heard this edict some of them were born again of water and the Holy Spirit and converted to the Lord, remaining steadfast in the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ.
		Thus the Jews, having sold their goods and taken the price for the expenses of their journey, departed with their wives and children and all their households in the aforesaid year of the Lord 1182.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/jewish/1182-jewsfrance1.html (1333 words)

	The History Place - Holocaust Timeline
		Jews are banned from many professional occupations including teaching Germans, and from being accountants or dentists.
		Jews taken there are placed in mobile gas vans and driven to a burial place while carbon monoxide from the engine exhaust is fed into the sealed rear compartment, killing them.
		- The deportation of Jews from Lublin to Belzec.
	www.historyplace.com /worldwar2/holocaust/timeline.html (4366 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Death of France? by Jamie Glazov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many Jews in France at the time preferred to be left to their own devices in terms of religious governance and many were afraid that becoming integrated into French society would result in a withering away of their Jewish character and of Jewish practice.
		During most of that time Jews were subjected to all manner of discrimination, anti-Jewish violence, forced conversion, and humiliation including segregation from the rest of the population.
		But in the eyes of many Frenchmen of the 18th, 19th, 20th, and even 21st centuries, the Jews of France are a blight on the country...indeed of the world.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=8268 (3218 words)

	Jewish History Sourcebook: St. Louis and the Jews of France, before 1270 CE
		Louis and the Jews of France, before 1270 CE LOUIS IX (1226-1270), grandson of Philip Augustus and King of France, was an ideal medieval king: he was chivalrous, religious, ascetic, and hostile to Jews.
		Then he asked the Jew a question, which was this: "Master'" said the knight, "I ask you if you believe that the Virgin Mary, who bore God in her body and in her arms, was a virgin mother, and is the mother of God?"
		Then the knight answered that the Jew had acted like a fool when-neither believing in her, nor loving her-he had yet entered into her monastery and house.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/jewish/1270-jews-stlouis.html (641 words)

	Judaism: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present. - Review - book review
		And although the Jews have been continuously present in France since Roman times--they arrived centuries before the Franks themselves--their numbers were always small and their presence often tenuous in the extreme.
		But France was also the first European country that emancipated them; consequently, their impact on it, even when their numbers were small, was enormous, as was the French impact on them, and through them, Jews throughout the world.
		Benbassa's work has the advantage of providing useful information on the earlier history of the Jews of France that is accurate and insightful, but Hyman's study is the more readable and imaginative of the two, more analytical and daring while an easier and more pleasant read.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0411/is_5_49/ai_73180742 (448 words)

	EJP \| News \| France \| The history of the Jews of Britain
		In 1144, the Jews of Norwich were accused for the first time in history of killing a Christian child and using the blood for Jewish religious use.
		The year 1858 was a turning point in the history of the Jews of England as they finally received emancipation.
		The Jewish community was further enhanced by the Jews fleeing Nazi Europe and fascism during the middle of the Twentieth century.
	www.ejpress.org /article/3806 (500 words)

	Review of Jewish Destinies: Citizenship, State and Community in Modern France. P Birnbaum. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Birnbaum argues that while exceptional Jews like the Rothschilds had a long history as "court Jews," financing some of the state's affairs and handling some of the finances of princes and aristocrats, in France, Jews played a minor role in the development of banking and industry.
		The key motif of Drumont's obsession was that Jews and Judaism were the source of France's decay and decadence in the modern period.
		On the other hand, he argues that physical violence against Jews is rare (with the notable exception of the pogroms against Jews in Algeria at the zenith of the Dreyfus Affair), although violence against property, and threats, insults, tracts, pamphlets and graffiti are prevalent.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewas16.htm (3531 words)

	Benbassa, E.: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present.
		Benbassa, E.: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present.
		Beginning with late antiquity, she charts the migrations of Jews into France and traces their fortunes through the making of the French kingdom, the Revolution, the rise of modern anti-Semitism, and the current renewal of interest in Judaism.
		The perception of Jewish influence on France's rulers contributed to a clash between church and monarchy that would culminate in the mass expulsion of Jews in the fourteenth century.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/6706.html (542 words)

	The Jews of the Republic: A Political History of State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vichy - Pierre Birnbaum ...
		The Jews of the Republic: A Political History of State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vichy - Pierre Birnbaum Translated by Jane Marie Todd
		United by an extensive network of family relations and a fierce devotion to secular republicanism, these Jews of State (the author’s term to distinguish them from their predecessors, court Jews, who were more oriented toward the world of business and banking) formed a group that perpetuated itself over three generations.
		The book dissolves the supposedly marked dichotomy between assimilated and unassimilated Jews in French society by showing how this Franco-Jewish elite was simultaneously active at the highest levels of French professional and administrative life and deeply involved in Jewish cultural life.
	www.sup.org /book.cgi?book_id=2633 (209 words)

	Lamson Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Sacred Chain : A History Of The Jews
		The Jews In The Visigothic And Frankish Kingdoms Of Spain And Gaul [by] Solomon Katz
		Jews -- Germany -- History -- 1933-1945 (4)
	www.plymouth.edu /library/opac/subjkey/jews (70 words)

	Lamson Library » Blog Archive » Histoire Des Juifs De France. English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Jews of France : a history from antiquity to the present
		The Jews of the East and of Paris
		The Jews In Medieval Normandy : A Social And Intellectual History
	www.plymouth.edu /library/opac/record/1291796 (313 words)

	History Professor Robert Weiner Will Speak on "Doing Oral History: The Jews of France" Today
		Weiner will discuss the strengths and pitfalls of oral history, using the Jews of Dijon as well as a selection of Parisian Jewish leaders as a database.
		Emphasis will be placed on issues such as the impact of the Holocaust, Israel, anti-Semitism, acculturation, and intermarriage on French Jewish life and culture, as well as on the inner tensions that trouble the French Jewish community today.
		Lafayette College complies with all applicable federal and state legislation and does not discriminate in any way on the basis of gender, age, race, color, religion, creed, national origin, ancestry, physical ability, or sexual orientation.
	www.lafayette.edu /news.php/view/1373 (201 words)

	Amazon.com: The Jews of the Republic: A Political History of State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vichy (Stanford ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Jews of the Republic: A Political History of State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vichy (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture) (Hardcover)
		Overall, Jews were accepted for their zeal and ability in making the French government progressive and responsive.
		With the coming of World War II, the collapse of France to the Nazi onrush, and the elevation of the Petain government, the freedoms so enjoyed by Jews came to a halt.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0804726337?v=glance (554 words)

	Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present - Esther Benbassa - M. B. DeBevoise - Microsoft Reader eBook
		DeBevoise > Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present
		Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present Summary:
		In the first English-language edition of a general, synthetic history of French Jewry from antiquity to the present, Esther Benbassa tells the intriguing case of the social, economic, and cultural vicissitudes of a people in diaspora.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/120118-ebook.htm (769 words)

	ImportantArticles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Through out the generations, Sephardic Jews hid their identities to protect their families and loved ones from the evil clutches of the Inquisition and The Catholic Church
		An UNKNOWN Chapter in the History of France.
		The Jews of Paris According to the Files of the Bastile
	www.geocities.com /sephardim2003/ImportantArticles.html (217 words)

	Additional Reviews and/or Endorsements for Benbassa, E.: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present.
		Additional Reviews and/or Endorsements for Benbassa, E.: The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present.
		"Not only does The Jews of France provide an excellent overview of their history from ancient times to the present, but it also offers a fresh interpretation of French-Jewish history, which itself will inevitably shape the future scholarship in the field.
		"Benbassa's clear, cogent, and concise synthesis of the history of the Jews of France is a most welcome addition to the increasing number of more specialized studies of French Jewry."--Choice
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /quotes/q6706.html (142 words)

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