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Topic: History of the Paracel Islands

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Woody Island

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	Paracel Islands
		The Paracel Islands (; Vietnamese: Quáº§n Ä‘áº£o HoÃ ng Sa) are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea and part of the South China Sea Islands, about one-third of the way from Vietnam to the Philippines.
		The Paracel Islands are controlled and administered by the People's Republic of China but claimed by some neighboring countries.
		Before 1932, Paracel Islands was placed on the map of China by the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China, as well as on the map of Vietnam by the Nguyen Dynasty.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DParacel (400 words)

	Paracel Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Xisha Islands(Paracel Islands) (Chinese: 西沙群島/ in pinyin: Xīshā Qúndǎo; Vietnamese: Quần Đảo Hoàng Sa/ 群島黃沙) are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea and part of the South China Sea Islands, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines.
		The islands are claimed by the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Vietnam.
		The small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island are being expanded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geography_of_the_Paracel_Islands (187 words)

	White Paper on the Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) Islands
		The nearest island in the archipelago is roughly at equal distance from the coast of Vietnam and the southern shore of Hainan Island in China.
		Vietnam, (1) : Paracel Islands; Bangkok 1972.The De Lanessan survey mission also proved the existence of a continental shelf which reaches out in platforms from the Vietnamese coast into the sea: the Paracels rest on one of these platforms, and thus are joined to the coast of Vietnam by a submarine plinth.
		Chinese claims to the Paracels and Spratlys were thus overwhelmingly disregarded.At a later date, the government of the Republic of China restated its claims based on the separate peace treaty between it and Japan (April 28, 1952).
	www.viettrade.net /ipass/hoangsa/Wh_paper1.htm (13565 words)

	Encyclopedia: British East India Company
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	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/British-East-India-Company (8319 words)

	Paracel Islands travel guide - Wikitravel
		The Paracel Islands are a collection of rocks in the South China Sea, occupied by China, but also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.
		China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands.
		The islands are claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan.
	wikitravel.org /en/Paracel_Islands (265 words)

	The Race for the Spratly-Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		History knows a "Kingdom of Humanity" or a "Principality of Freedomland" (Kalayaan Islands), that later was offered as a protectorate to the Philippines by a rich Philippine lawyer in 1956.
		Western observers are estimating, that approximately 1000 soldiers are on the islands.
		Background was the Chinese occupation of the Paracel Islands in 1976 and the military attack on Vietnamese boats in 1988 at Johnson Reef.
	home.arcor.de /be/bethge/spratlyengl.htm (3614 words)

	Paracel Islands @ TravelNotes.org -- The Online Guide to Travel
		The Chinese have port facilities on Paracel's Woody Island and the base at Duncan Island is being expanded.
		The Paracel Islands were part of French Indochina, until the Japanese took hold of them during the Second World War.
		Although the Chinese military occupy the Paracel Islands at present, Vietnam and and Taiwan both have claims to the territory.
	www.travelnotes.org /Asia/paracels.htm (265 words)

	a breif history of paracel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Paracel Islands is a small island country in the South China Sea.
		It is not claimed by China tough and all the islands are disputed over by many nations.
		Although China said is was going to plan in 1997 for the islands to open to tourism no changes have occurred on the island but the expanding of one of the military bases.
	tps.dpi.state.nc.us /connectasia/paracelislands/a_breif_history_of_paracel.htm (150 words)

	CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The offshore island of Taiwan is a separate political entity from China, which has continued to demand the return of the island to its political jurisdiction since 1949.
		China disputes the ownership of the Spratley Island and the Paracel Islands with Vietnam.
		The world has never heard or seen the history which is not revealed since now.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory (270 words)

	AllRefer.com - Paracel Islands, East Asia, East Asia (East Asian Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Xisha, group of low coral islands and reefs in the South China Sea, c.175 mi (280 km) SE of Hainan island.
		Prior to World War II the islands were part of French Indochina and served as a weather station.
		The islands were also claimed by the South Vietnamese, who maintained a weather station and small garrison there until 1974, when they were attacked and driven from the islands by Chinese armed forces.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/ParacelI.html (207 words)

	Territorial claims in the Spratly and Paracel Islands
		Refers to the Spratly Islands as the Nansha islands, and claims all of the islands and most of the South China Sea for historical reasons.
		In 1971, the Philippines officially claimed 8 islands that it refers to as the Kalayaan, partly on the basis of this exploration, arguing that the islands: 1) were not part of the Spratly Islands; and 2) had not belonged to anybody and were open to being claimed.
		In addition, Vietnam claims the Paracel Islands, although they were seized by the Chinese in 1974.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/spratly-claims.htm (546 words)

	How the Bush Administration Should Handle China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because the American islands mentioned are inhabited, in some cases with robust economies, the American claim would be far stronger than China's claim to uninhabited islands and submerged reefs of the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.
		Today, the only permanent populations of these islands and reefs are military garrisons maintained at immense expense to their respective governments and at great personal risk to the members of the garrisons.
		Although the Spratly and Paracel Islands were too small for habitation, these people settled close to these islands and reefs and must be assumed to have fished and economically exploited them at least as much as the Chinese did.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1470.cfm (3167 words)

	CHINA SEA, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It ranks among the world's busiest shipping lanes, accommodates more than half the world's supertanker traffic, and has extensive petroleum and natural gas resources.
		Two South China Sea island chains, the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands, have been the subject of conflicting territorial claims among the nations surrounding the sea.
		After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sights a Bahamian island, believing he has reached East Asia.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=205520 (680 words)

	Das Sultanat Banda Aceh
		Today it is unknown which island Pessora reached, but it could be Spratly Island, or also one of the south-eastern islets.
		Vietnam hold official 9 islands in the Spratley Group and 5 islands in the Paracel Group.
		The Spratly Islands were occupied by Japan and used as a submarine base during the Second World War.
	www.425dxn.org /dc3mf/1s0_h.html (945 words)

	Paracel Islands — FactMonster.com
		Prior to World War II the islands were part of French Indochina and served as a weather station.
		The islands were also claimed by the South Vietnamese, who maintained a weather station and small garrison there until 1974, when they were attacked and driven from the islands by Chinese armed forces, which then occupied them.
		Taiwan - Information on Taiwan — geography, history, politics, government, economy, population statistics, culture, religion, languages, largest cities, as well as a map and the national flag.
	www.factmonster.com /cgi-bin/id/A0837561 (234 words)

	☞ Paracel Islands, History bulletin board index
		Paracel Islands 'History' index Classifieds1000 World Expat and Travel Forum
		Please make sure your message is relevant to Paracel Islands and the selected topic.
		You are welcome to include urls in your forum postings, however, keep in mind that the forum is designed for discussions about topics not just posting of urls.
	board.classifieds1000.com /Paracel_Islands/History (260 words)

	Vietnamese Claims to the Truong Sa Archipelago [Ed. Spratly Islands] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For political administration, the island chain was incorporated into the territory of Taiwan, which was then a Japanese possession.[50] Both the ROC and the PRC have since pointed to this formalization of Taiwanese (and thus Chinese) sovereignty over the Truong Sa group to strengthen their claim to the islands.
		While Vietnam's history forms the basis for its claims to the Truong Sa, it is the current situation in the archipelago that strengthens Hanoi's case.
		Given the long history of resistance to foreign occupation and the adversarial relationship of the two--not to mention the 1979 invasion, the proxy war in Cambodia, and the 1988 conflict in the Truong Sa themselves--Vietnam's resolved defiance against China is not surprising.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/explore/v3/todd.html (6635 words)

	Nansha (Spratly) Islands of China-- Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Today it is unknown which island Pessora reached, but it could be Spratly Island, or also one of the south-eastern islets.
		This committee examined and approved the 132 names of the islands in the South China Sea, all of which belong to Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands.
		The Spratly Islands were invaded and occupied by Japan and used as a submarine base during the Second World War.
	www.spratlys.org /collection/timeline.htm (1160 words)

	Vietnam: History
		The early history of Vietnam is that of
		While the fighting prevented any attempt at economic recovery in the south, North Vietnam was able to begin reconstruction with foreign aid, and in less than a year the shipyards at Haiphong, the iron- and steelworks at Thai Nguyen, and many small factories were again in operation.
		History and Memory in Vietnam Today: The Journal Xua and Nay.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861793.html (2622 words)

	BEIJING'S SURGE FOR THE STRAIT OF MALACCA (Yossef Bodansky) January, 1998
		The Spratly Islands -- the Nansha Islands in Chinese -- is a multitude of small islands and reefs, mostly uninhabited, that spread over a vast area (700km by 600km) between the coasts of Vietnam and the Philippines (Palawan island), just north of Malaysia and Indonesia (Sabah island).
		The new era of the importance of the Spratly Islands was heralded in 1988, when the PLA Navy in two brief clashes (March and November) seized six positions near Johnson Reef from the North Vietnamese and attacked Vietnamese naval patrols respectively.
		Several nations are parties to the dispute over the islands' sovereignty and the governments of both Japan and the United States have expressed their utmost concern for the situation there.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/bodansky/beijing.htm (16341 words)

	Paracel Islands
		The Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙群島 in pinyin: xi1 sha1 qun2 dao3; Vietnamese: Hoàng Sa) are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea (South China Sea Islands), about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines.
		The islands have no indigenous inhabitants, though there are Chinese garrisons scattered throughout.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Paracel_Islands.html (97 words)

	White Paper on the Hoang Sa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelagoes are an
		island) of Amboine, at the northern extremity of the Bombay Castle
		all the islands adjacent to it, the Penlinletao Islands (the
	www.xuquang.com /english/hoangsae1.htm (15277 words)

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		Paracel Islands - Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines.
	www.kidsolr.com /geography/page6.html (540 words)

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		Join us in the travel forums if you have a question about Asia or would like to share your experiences about travelling or living in Asia.
	www.travelnotes.org /Asia/afghan_culture.htm (202 words)

	pg Spratly Islands Factors and Information that Counts
		Rich fishing grounds and the potential for gas and oil deposits have caused this archipelago to be claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines.
		The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
		Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
	www.llpoh.org /facts/pg_Spratly_Islands.html (373 words)

	pf Paracel Islands Factors and Information that Counts
		In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Prattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor Vietnam.
		China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops captured a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands.
		However, the islands are still claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan.
	www.llpoh.org /facts/pf_Paracel_Islands.html (271 words)

	"By Sea, Air, and Land" Chapter 2
		As a result of President Kennedy's decision in November 1961 to expand the use of American support units in South Vietnam, in "limited partnership" with the South Vietnamese Armed Forces, the U.S. Navy deployed major fleet units to the increasingly hostile region.
		Beginning in December 1961, Seventh Fleet and Vietnamese Navy units conducted combined surface and air patrol operations from the 17th parallel eastward to the Paracel Islands.
		The purpose of the patrols was to train the South Vietnamese Sea Force in open sea deployments and to determine the extent of any waterborne infiltration of munitions from North Vietnam.
	www.history.navy.mil /seairland/chap2.htm (7400 words)

	Vietnam Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		History: For many years, Vietnam formed part of the French colony of Indochina, along with Cambodia and Laos.
		With Vichy French agreement, in 1941, the Japanese occupied Vietnam during their World War II sweep through South-East Asia.
		As a result, outstanding territorial disputes, including the Spratly and Paracel Islands and exploration rights in the Tu Chinh basin, have become manageable, even where no formal settlements have been negotiated.
	www.columbusguides.com /data/vnm/vnm580.asp (776 words)

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