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Topic: History of the petroleum industry

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	Petroleum
		Petroleum (from Latin petrus–rock and oleum–oil) or mineral oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source (powering the vast majority of automobiles, trucks, trains and ships), and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
		In the 1970s, belief in an oil crisis, a fear that the world would run out of petroleum, proved unfounded as the application of computer technology caused the amount of accessible petroleum to increase.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Motor_oil.html (478 words)

	The Petroleum Industry of Mexico
		Petroleum did show up as a nuisance in well drilled for water and there was some utilization of this petroleum as an ungent and as an ingredient in medical concoctions of dubious value.
		The petroleum industry was not launched until a decline in the supply of whale oil for lamps led to a significance price increase in whale oil price.
		The petroleum industries was high above all others in the direct wage, but employees in the petroleum industry also had substantial fringe benefits that employees in the other industries did not have.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/pemex1.htm (2529 words)

	Oil and Ideology: The Cultural Creation of the American Petroleum Industry, by Roger M. Olien and Diana Davids Olien. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Industry did not give government enough information for intelligent policy making; big oil denied the legitimacy of the federal intervention in the industry (though little oil in the form of smaller independents was equally greedy and self-seeking); and special interests derailed efforts to get things done.
		As we demonstrate in the context of the petroleum industry, because at any one time there are usually a number of available explanations and interpretations of events, drawn from different channels of discourse, policy makers may put them together in a way that turns out to be dysfunctional, irrational, or irrelevant.
		Since the industry itself was new in world experience and the way it came to be dominated by a giant firm unprecedented, industry observers had to struggle to define what they were seeing and put it into cultural or historical context.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/olien_oil.html (2576 words)

	BERA: Issue 5/6 The Oil & Gas Industry: History (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)
		This section provides an overview of the history of the oil and gas industry, looking at the use of oil and gas in ancient times, as well as the early days of the modern oil and gas industry.
		The second volume of BP's history aims to be an honest and comprehensive examination of the company in the period 1928-1954.
		A historical summary of the oil industry that covers the early uses and discoveries of oil, and discusses the development of the modern-day oil industry.
	www.loc.gov /rr/business/BERA/issue5/history.html (2632 words)

	Oil
		Deterding, Henri, 1866-1939; Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij--History; Businesspeople--Netherlands--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--Netherlands--History.
		History of the petroleum industry in the region from that time to the present.
		Julian, Courtney Chauncey; Industrialists--United States--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United States--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Canada--History.
	www.kipnotes.com /Oil.htm (6828 words)

	Language Matters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The petroleum industry applied to the federal government for permission to explore these remote federal lands in 1959, before the government had begun regulating such exploration.
		The story of the petroleum industry’s early years is a tale of innovation, hard work and a smattering of luck on the part of creative and resourceful people.
		Although the conventional oil and gas industry in western Canada is mature, the country's Arctic and offshore petroleum resources are mostly in early stages of exploration and development.
	languageinstinct.blogspot.com /index.html (10966 words)

	Petroleum History Society - Statement of Purpose
		Preserving history of the petroleum industry in Canada
		The Society grew out of the highly successful Petroleum Oral History Project and the Feasibility Study conducted by the Centre for Petroleum Industry History Society in 1986.
		The Purpose of the Petroleum History Society is to:
	www.petroleumhistory.ca /about/purpose.html (273 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Industrial activity in those years laid the foundation upon which Canada developed new technical and financial muscle. Canadaâs often severe climate and geological features, remote exploration frontiers and the unique features of oil sands and other indigenous petroleum resources provided challenges which the industry invested billions of dollars to meet.
		The development of the petroleum sector helps illustrate how they have helped make the nation quite distinct from her neighbour to the south. Although the conventional oil and gas industry in western Canada is mature, the country's Arctic and offshore petroleum resources are mostly in early stages of exploration and development.
		The industry started constructing vast networks of pipelines in the 1950s, thus beginning to develop domestic and international markets in a big way. Despite billions of dollars of investment, her bitumen - especially within the Athabasca oil sands - is still only a partially exploited resource.
	languageinstinct.blogspot.com /feeds/posts/default (17277 words)

	Zion Oil & Gas - Israeli Oil Industry - Petroleum Taxation
		Once a holder of a petroleum right has exercised the option, such option affects the treatment of all exploration and development expenses incurred by him in respect of the related right in the taxable year and in any subsequent year.
		Where capital expenditure has been incurred by an owner of a petroleum right for the purpose of acquiring land reasonably required for petroleum exploration, production or development, he may deduct as an expense, the total of such expenditure divided by the number of years over which he is entitled to hold the land.
		The holder of an interest in a Petroleum Lease is allowed a deduction from his income on account of the depletion of the petroleum reserve relating to such interest.
	www.zionoil.com /industry/petroleumtax.html (1149 words)

	\| Book Review \| Environmental History, 8.4 \| The History Cooperative
		Thus, the development of a new pollution-control regime that featured extensive regulations, explicit standards and monitoring, and various enforcement mechanisms was necessary for the industry to make the kind of progress in pollution control that American society had come to expect.
		Petroleum industry leaders often fought these changes, but eventually most companies learned to integrate the new requirements into their planning and operations.
		To a certain extent, the emphasis on industry operations and technological change comes at the expense of any detailed analysis of the industry's involvement in the political struggles that sometimes accompanied these issues.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/eh/8.4/br_17.html (534 words)

	Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation \| History of Nigerian Petroleum Industry
		HISTORY OF Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta after half a century of exploration.
		Nigeria joined the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971 and established the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) in 1977, a state owned and controlled company which is a major player in both the upstream and downstream sectors.
		Petroleum production and export play a dominant role in Nigeria's economy and account for about 90% of her gross earnings.
	www.nnpcgroup.com /history.htm (547 words)

	Refutation of predictions of petroleum exhaustion.
		Therefore, petroleum abundances are limited by little more than the quantities of its constituents as were incorporated into the Earth at the time of its formation; and its availability depends upon technological development and exploration competence.
		However, many of the conclusions drawn from such data, particularly such as purport to predict the future of available petroleum reserves and of the petroleum industry itself, will be weighed and rejected from the perspective of modern petroleum science.
		With the elimination of the error that petroleum might be some manifestation of transformed, but limited, biological matter originating on the surface of the Earth, the consequential errors connected with its supposed limits both of quantity and habitat vanish.
	www.gasresources.net /energy_resources.htm (3450 words)

	BERA: Issue 5/6 The Oil & Gas Industry: Production (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)
		This publication covers a number of topics and issues in the oil industry which include, petroleum economics, key players and the structure of the oil industry, policies and practices of industry oligopolies, as well as energy crisis and oil market politics and economics.
		Specific topics include the World Bank's intervention on petroleum exploration in developing countries, business practice and ethics in a multicultural environment, private capital participation in Venezuela's oil sector, and security issues for the international oil and gas industry.
		Additional works on production in the oil and gas industries in the Library of Congress may be identified by searching the Online Catalog under appropriate Library of Congress subject headings.
	www.loc.gov /rr/business/BERA/issue5/production.html (2321 words)

	Petroleum History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The political story is a backdrop to the enormous technological advances inspired by the industry — technologies that have resulted in advances far beyond the oil and gas industry itself.
		One way to explore the history of the industry is through one of the many petroleum museums.
		In addition to covering the early history of the industry in the U.S., it explores the role of oil in the politics related to the Civil War.
	www.spe.org /spe/jsp/basic/0,,1104_1716,00.html (706 words)

	University of Houston History
		Dr. Pratt is one of the nation’s foremost scholars on the dynamics and history of the petroleum industry.
		He served as Chair of the History Department, and for five years he served as the Executive Director of the Scholars’ Community, the largest undergraduate retention program at the University of Houston.
		His research is primarily in energy history and the history of the Houston region.
	www.uh.edu /uhdistance/louis/faculty/profiles/pratt.html (410 words)

	Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley
		This was the basis of a lively conversation between a visiting journalist, a well-known petroleum engineering professor and a former Pemex CEO held at the Center for Latin American Studies on September 12.
		Sandy Tolan, a veteran journalist who has covered petroleum and natural resource issues, is teaching a class on the collision of politics and petroleum in Latin America this fall at UC Berkeley.
		The discussion, titled "The Politics of Petroleum and the Future of the US-Mexican Relationship," was the first in a series of events that will focus on the evolving relationship between Mexico and the United States.
	www.clas.berkeley.edu:7001 /Events/fall2002/09-12-02-Alberroetal (773 words)

	Petroleum Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The subtitle for Petroleum Engineering 101 at Stanford University reads "How to dig oil wells," and that is for the most part what a petroleum engineer does.
		Some petroleum engineers do work in offices, however, analyzing the reports and recommendations of field engineers and advising corporate decision-makers on whether to proceed.
		While these people are crucial to the success of the industry as a whole, their levels of satisfaction were slightly lower than those of field engineers; the gambling lifestyle, it seems, is less exciting from behind a desk.
	www.edasolutions.com /Groups/PetroleumEngineering.htm (1403 words)

	American Oil and Gas Historical Society (AOGHS) - Petroleum-Natural Gas History
		It describes the history of an American oil patch icon: the pump jack, whose history is one of invention and innovation by industry pioneers.
		The Society is indebted to maritime author Dr. William Flayhart III for his research on the Port of Philadelphia and its contributions to the growth of the American petroleum industry.
		From the March 2005 Petroleum Age newsletter, this is the story of how a patented method for turning a waxy goop from 1870s Pennsylvania oil wells led to a fl mixture that today adorns the eyelashes of women aorund the world.
	www.aoghs.org (4169 words)

	Defining the Problem
		To understand the complexity of the problem of United States dependence on Middle Eastern oil it is necessary to examine the history of the petroleum industry.
		During the first forty years of the petroleum industry, oil was mainly used for illumination.
		“The part played by petroleum in the prosecution of the war was admitted at the time by every government and public…through the greatly accelerated development of motor transport and aviation and of the use of fuel oil in industry and at sea” (Longrigg 33-34).
	www.naz.edu:9000 /~mjfaas/pscsenprojdefinprob.htm (1268 words)

	Zion Oil & Gas - Israeli Oil Industry - Exploration History
		Click here for a summary of exploration history in the lands of Israel from 1900 through 2004.
		Three wells were drilled by a group led by Isramco Inc. during the early 1990's off the Ashquelon coast.
		The second group is a joint venture led by British Gas and Isramco, together with several other members of the Isramco group and additional Israeli entities involved in the petroleum exploration and petro-chemical industries.
	www.zionoil.com /industry/exploration.html (1815 words)

	History of ChEn: Petroleum, Origins
		The petroleum industry, like other chemical industries, has a plethora of terms designed to scare off anyone who wants to understand exactly what is going on.
		Both petroleum and coal are sometimes referred to as Bituminous.
		No one actually ships petroleum in barrels anymore because they are too small, but the term is still used to describe a defined volume.
	www.pafko.com /history/h_petro.html (2722 words)

	PetroleumHistory.com - an index of early petroleum sites
		The petroleum industry began with the August 1859 drilling of the Drake Well near Titusville, Pennsylvania and/or, simultaneously, an unnamed well drilled near Petroleum, West Virginia.
		The Cradle of the Petroleum Industry in Poland.
		In the second half of the 19th century, on this tiny piece of Polish soil, petroleum industry was born, giving great impetus to the development of the modern industrial era.
	little-mountain.com /oilwell (783 words)

	ONGC felicitates authors and contributors of its publications
		During its Golden Jubilee year, which ended on 14th August 2006, it undertook a monumental project to document the events defining the evolution of the Indian Petroleum industry - through the publication of two books, one on the Upstream Petroleum Industry and the second on the Downstream one.
		The stalwarts of the Indian Petroleum industry, who had shaped the growth of the industry since India's independence, were invited by ONGC to work on this History Project.
		This history project of ONGC is one of the rare examples where business houses do something which goes beyond business.
	news.webindia123.com /news/articles/Business/20061010/475537.html (232 words)

	Petroleum industry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum is vital to nearly all other industries, if not industrialized civilization itself, and thus is critical concern to many nations.
		The petroleum industry can be divided into two broad groups: upstream producers (exploration, development and production of crude oil or natural gas)and downstream transporters (tanker, Pipeline transport), refiners, retailers, and consumers.
		The industry is faced with a possible inevitable eventual depletion of the world's oil supply.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petroleum_industry (531 words)

	Zion Oil & Gas--US energy company exploring for oil and gas in Israel
		During the next fourteen years he made several trips each year to Israel, hired oil and gas consultants in Israel and Texas, met with Israeli government officials, made direct investments with local exploration companies, and assisted Israeli exploration companies in raising money for oil and gas exploration in Israel.
		We analyzed and reinterpreted the old data, acquired new seismic data ourselves, incorporated the new data into sophisticated computer models, expanded the size of the license and recommended locations for the drilling of two exploratory wells on the license area.
		Those recommendations were approved by the Petroleum Commissioner in January 2003.
	www.zionoil.org /summary.htm (252 words)

	Petroleum History Institute
		The mission of the PETROLEUM HISTORY INSTITUTE is to pursue the history, heritage and development of the modern oil industry from its 1859 inception in Oil Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, to its early roots in other regions in North America and the subsequent spread throughout the world to its current global status.
		The PETROLEUM HISTORY INSTITUTE is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation, and all donations are thereby tax deductible.
		Membership in the PETROLEUM HISTORY INSTITUTE includes a copy of the annual issue of OIL-INDUSTRY HISTORY, member discounts at PHI symposia, and discounts on publications.
	www.petroleumhistory.org (171 words)

	Oil Merger -- Monday, Apr. 13, 1925 -- Page 1 -- TIME
		Doheny received for his 501,000 shares (out of a total of 1,001,556 voting shares) is not known, but, based on recent market prices, the con- sideration was probably in the neighborhood of $38,000,000.
		Control of the remaining "Pan Pete" properties have been taken over by the Pan American Eastern Petroleum Corporation, on whose board are three representatives of the bankers, three of Standard Oil of Indiana and one of the British interests.
		Through its interest in Pan American Petroleum thus acquired, the Standard Oil Co. of Indiana's assets are increased to $584,000,000 and the market value of its securities to $787,000,000.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,720232,00.html (342 words)

	Petroleum Topic Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Petroleum Topic Reports are short reports on particular subjects that may be of interest to the petroleum community.
		As time allows, new reports will be added, so be sure to check to this section of the PDMS periodically.
		A Brief Overview of the History of the Petroleum Industry in Indiana, John A. Rupp, 2005.
	igs.indiana.edu /PDMS/Help/Petroleum_Topic_Reports.htm (92 words)

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