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Topic: History of the electric vehicle

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	Electric vehicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For especially large electric vehicles, namely submarines and aircraft carriers, the chemical energy of the diesel-electric can be replaced by a nuclear reactor.
		There are two commonly available electric vehicle designs for automobiles: Battery Electric Vehicles or BEVs, which convert chemical energy to electrical energy in batteries; and Hybrid vehicles, which convert chemical energy to electrical energy via an internal combustion engine and a generator.
		Electric vehicles were among the earliest automobiles, and before the preeminence of light, powerful internal combustion engines, electric automobiles held many vehicle land speed and distance records in the early 1900s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_vehicle (2036 words)

	Electric vehicle - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The future of electric vehicles is dependent upon the availability of batteries with higher energy densities and longer life at reasonable cost, as all other engineering problems of motor control, power delivery, and regenerative braking have been solved.
		Battery electric vehicles also have an advantage over fuel cell electric vehicles because they do not need expensive membranes made of platinum and other rare metals in which to develop their energy.
		Unlike the converted golf carts used for neighborhood electric vehicles these may be operated on typical suburban throughways (40 to 45 MPH speed limits are typical) and can keep up with traffic typical to these roads and to the short on and off segments of freeways that are common in suburban areas.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Electric_vehicle (2844 words)

	Electric vehicle conversion - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Owing to the fact that electric vehicles have not been promoted by the major manufacturers in the United States, this is a self-selected group, so their enthusiasm may be misleading.
		While Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs, essentially enhanced electric carts) are available from several manufactures, such vehicles are not considered here for hobby conversion as they are readily available from manufacturers and are not suitable for most suburban locations (although they may be well suited for operation in some urban environments and many self-contained communities).
		Vehicles for these will typically be economy car conversions or custom built chassies but with excess rear weight bias to allow agile handling under the control of an experienced driver (such rearward balance may be dangerous for everyday use).
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversion (4851 words)

	Some EV History / History of Electric Cars and other Vehicles
		Any examination of the history of the EV inevitably asks the question, "Why were they overtaken in popularity by gasoline-powered vehicles?" Let me take a few paragraphs to give you my opinion as to why electric vehicles have lost the war of numbers to their petrol-powered cousins and get this question out of the way.
		Electric cars, with their heavy loads of batteries, were at a distinct disadvantage in these situations which required being pulled, lifted and pried out of these sinkholes.
		While many urban areas were beginning to install an electrical infrastructure in the late 1800's and early 1900's, often primarily to replace gas street lamps with electric street lamps to save on the labour associated with lamp-lighters, electricity in the home, and even in businesses, was not the common utility it is today.
	www.econogics.com /ev/evhistry.htm (3107 words)

	EV History
		An electric vehicle held the land speed record and these vehicles, being clean and not requiring a hand crank to start them, were a favorite with lady motorist.
		The electric vehicles were heavy and tended to get bogged down when the unpaved roads of the day turned to mud after a rain.
		By the 1930s, electric cars were only being made to special order and when Detroit Electric built it's last car in 1935, the first era of electric vehicles came to a close.
	pages.prodigy.net /noela/photo.htm (1122 words)

	Electric Vehicle History
		The first electric car was produced in 1880 and for the next 20 years it competed perfectly with the internal combustion cars.
		General Electric began to produce cars in 1898 and achieved a land speed record for a car that went 39.25 miles per hour, a speed that gas-powered cars could not come close to beating.
		The next beam of light that electric vehicles saw was in the 1970s during the Oil Embargo.
	www.uvm.edu /~jmoore/envhst/sblack/history.html (1592 words)

	History of Early Electric Cars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For over 20 years, electric cars were commercially produced, and were for some years in heady competition with internal combustion and steam-powered carriages.
		The invention of both the storage battery and the electric motor set the stage for their incorporation into an electric vehicle.
		For electric cars to compete again in an open market, barring a major and prolonged oil crisis, it would seem that they must not only match their competitors in technology and performance, but recapture the public imagination, as well.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Crete/6111/electcar.htm (2360 words)

	A HISTORY OF BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES FROM 1834 - 2006 BLUEBIRD CARS
		It was not until 1895 that Americans began to devote attention to electric vehicles after an electric tricycle was built by A. Ryker and William Morrison built a six-passenger wagon both in 1891.
		The electric vehicle was the preferred choice of many because it did not require the manual effort to start, as with the hand crank on gasoline vehicles, and there was no wrestling with a gear shifter.
		Electric conversions of familiar gasoline powered vehicles, as well as electric vehicles designed from the ground up, are now available that reach super highway speeds with ranges of 50 to 150 miles between recharging.
	www.speedace.info /electric_vehicle_history.htm (2576 words)

	Electric and Hybrid Motorcycles - Resources and Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Electric Vehicle History - Online Archive - Encourages electric vehicle enthusiasts to help preserve the recent history of electric vehicles by posting to online archive, where other contributions are available to be read.
		EVAA - Electric Vehicle Association of the Americas is the industry association working to advance the commercialization of electric vehicles.
		Toprun Electric Vehicle Co Ltd - Manufactures electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, tricycles, and scooters that are operated by rechargeable batteries.
	motorcyclecity.com /electric-hybrid/links.htm (1671 words)

	Electric & Hybrid Cars: A History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Far from being a modern conception, electric cars were among the first vehicles on the road.
		Economic and environmental concerns have periodically revived widespread interest in electric and hybrid vehicles, and the quest for a non- or less-polluting vehicle that meets consumer’s performance demands continues today.
		An appendix lists important dates in the history of electric cars, a glossary defines associated acronyms, and 79 photographs and illustrations provide a visual history of the electric vehicle.
	www.altfuels.com /ehc.php?PHPSESSID=eca5e6c8b0ab87a519381eb2f79d7103 (179 words)

	Electric Vehicle Technology Explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Electric Vehicle Technology Explained presents a clear and complete review of the basic technology and design of electric vehicles.
		The book begins with a brief history of the electric vehicle, beginning with its origins in the late 19th century and progressing right up to today’s vehicles.
		The authors then move on to cover all of the basic technology relating to electric vehicles, including batteries, supercapacitors, flywheels, fuel cells, and electric motors and their controllers.
	www.altfuels.com /evt.php (212 words)

	Electric Cars Online
		This interesting car, while not electric, is unusual since it shows that early vehicle manufacturers were trying every possible technology.
		Electric cars were more expensive than gasoline cars and electrics were considered more reliable and safer.
		The vehicle cockpit offers substantial protection to the driver in the event of an accident or a spill out.
	www.electriccars.com /intro/history/1800-present.htm (245 words)

	Electric Auto Association - Electric Vehicle History
		The infrastructure for electricity was almost non-existent outside of city boundaries – limiting EVs to city-only travel.
		Another contributing factor to the decline of EVs was the addition of an electric motor (called the starter) to gasoline powered cars – finally removing the need for the difficult and dangerous crank to start the engine.
		Sources: EAA historical archives, “The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History”, David A. Kirsch.
	www.eaaev.org /History/index.html (1392 words)

	Brief Biography: Timothy Lenoir
		The second generation of these projects has focused on the history of recent science and technology and has been sited at the Dibner Institute at MIT, where Jed Buchwald has served as Principal Investigator and has organized a complete team of technical support to facilitate the project.
		This is a project funded by Stanford Dean for Research, Charles Kruger to conduct a study of Stanford's relations to Silicon Valley.
		With support from the Stanford Humanities Lab, Henry Lowood (Stanford University Libraries) and I are the principal investigators on a project exploring the history and cultural impact of a crucial segment of New Media: interactive simulations and video games.
	www.stanford.edu /~tlenoir/research.html (676 words)

	Electrathon 2003 - EVCO
		The 2003 Electrathon is organized EVCO, the Electric Vehicle Council of Ottawa.
		The difference with Electrathon is that the vehicles are zero-emissions, and the vehicles are low-budget.
		You need people to design the vehicle, build the vehicle, transport the vehicle, drive the vehicle, possibly raise funds, do school and community liaison, and a host of other tasks.
	www.acclivity.ca /electrathon (1027 words)

	Citizens for Rideable Communities ~ EV History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain), Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the first crude electric carriage.
		A small-scale electric car was designed by Professor Stratingh of Groningen, Holland, and built by his assistant Christopher Becker in 1835.
		Practical and more successful electric road vehicles were invented by both American Thomas Davenport and Scotsmen Robert Davidson around 1842.
	www.rideablecommunities.org /?page_id=89 (118 words)

	Nightly Business Report . Video #18 - Japan: Electric Cars \| PBS
		Electric vehicles set many speed and distance records in the early 1900's.
		Drawbacks for these vehicles are the limited range of their power source, cost and maintenance.
		Clearly, Japanese automakers are in the forefront of hybrid and electric car technology at this point, while U.S. automakers such as General Motors concentrate their efforts on hydrogen fuel cell engine technology-- said to be about 15 years away.
	www.pbs.org /nbr/site/research/educators/060106_18c (1243 words)

	Department of motor vehicle? You can found more info here. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On vehicle information the contrary, electric vehicles were far more reliable and capable..
		Plane crashes near new vehicle Del..Warriors have long sought to combine protection and mobility in combat, from ancient chariots to armored vehicle medieval knights and armored wagon..
		Most of the US electric vehicle uses coal fired power plants for its electricity, which is probably as bad as than gasoline, if not worse..
	lucullan84.t35.com (3413 words)

	Ford Motor Company - Press Release - Ranger Electric Vehicle Delivers for the U.S. Postal Service
		The Ranger EV-based postal vehicles are a joint project with Baker Electromotive, in Rome, N.Y. Ranger EV is the national leader in electric vehicle sales.
		While the vehicle is charging, a button can be pressed to heat up the interior compartment by taking energy directly from the power grid and not from the battery system.
		The vehicle can be driven about 50 miles before recharging and accelerate from 0-50 mph in 12.5 seconds, similar to its gasoline-powered counterpart.
	media.ford.com /newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=6423 (407 words)

	Western Electric History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Just as Western Electric of the late 1870s was both a distributor of telephone equipment for the new Bell company and a supplier to Bell's primary communications competitor (Western Union), Lucent Technologies will manufacture both for ATandT and the regional telephone companies.
		Western Electric founder Enos Barton, still president of the company in 1905, was responsible for moving the company's main manufacturing plant that year from downtown Chicago to a more rural setting on the outskirts of the city.
		Yet Western Electric was often unable to reap the returns from its own innovations, and in many ways Western Electric's story is a spectacular tale of paths not taken.
	www.bellsystemmemorial.com /westernelectric_history.html (13004 words)

	History of the Electric Guitar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The electric guitar was born in the 1940's.
		A handful of people were fastening pick-ups to their acoustic guitars to amplify and enhance the sound of them.
		At first, the guitar was used only as a vehicle to showcase the pick-up, but people liked it so much that in 1946 Fender decided to form his own company and make guitars for a living.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~kacyk/history.htm (200 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Technology: Energy: Transportation: Electric Vehicles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Austin Area Electric Vehicle Association - A group of people who gather to discuss electric vehicle technologies and construction.
		Electric Drive Transportation Association - Association dedicated to advancing electric drive as a core technology on the road to sustainable mobility.
		Green Company - Market street electric vehicles to be used for a wide variety of applications.
	www.dmoz.org /Science/Technology/Energy/Transportation/Electric_Vehicles (889 words)

	SCC Electric Vehicle Technology Courses
		Topics to be covered are the process of conversion of a gas powered vehicle to electric power, including testing, assembly, operation, and maintenance of EV's.
		This course is an overview of the latest electric car drivetrain components that will be used in converting a gasoline powered automobile to electric power.
		The topics covered include electric motor theory and history of electric vehicle motors, and the commonly used electric vehicle motors of today.
	www.scc.losrios.edu /programs/evt-courses.html (524 words)

	History
		The Electric Vehicle Research Project began as a gleam in the eyes of several Mechanical Engineering students and Dr. Dale Anderson and Dr. Jim Lowther.
		Rewarding the efforts of the faculty on the team, General Electric donated an experimental 19 horsepower DC motor and controller.
		Being a front wheel drive vehicle, there was no room for a direct coupling of the motor to the transmission.
	www.obrador.com /ecp/History.htm (1058 words)

	Who invented the automobile? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress)
		The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles.
		EV (electric vehicle) History from Econogics.com - This site contains a comprehensive history of the electric vehicle along with company information and related Web links.
		Michigan State Government: Automotive History - This site has links to various topics about Automotive History like the history of GM and Henry Ford along with Web links to museums and historic sites.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/mysteries/auto.html (583 words)

	Megawatt Motorworks - EV Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Photographer Bill Harbeck of Lebanon, Oregon, recently submitted a CD loaded with a pictoral history of several electric vehicle events.
		When asked why he photographs electric vehicles he answered, "I am a proud insubordinate non-conformist, and electric vehicles seem to swim upstream against the norm.
		One location where I worked had an electric forklift that lifted like Atlas, and the power of hybrid electric locomotive technology has impressed me for years.
	www.megawattmotorworks.com /display.asp?dismode=article&artid=91 (198 words)

	Prius Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Not only can it get 50 miles per gallon, it pollutes the air less than any other vehicle except for a totally electric one.
		It achieves this remarkable feat by being a hybrid - it has both a gasoline engine and an electric motor.
		If you have $US20,000 to spend on a vehicle, you have no excuse to not buy this car unless you habitually carry more than 4 adults or really do need a truck.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/6774/prius.htm (314 words)

	Citicar: my Electric Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Citicar was made as a production vehicle in the 1970s by a Florida company called Sebring Vanguard.
		However, the electricity is free (part of an electric company study) and the car is easy to maintain.
		My car was used by a Grandmother in the 1970's, who drove it every day to her job at a local church.
	john.redmood.com /citicar.html (402 words)

	GM EV, Electric Vehicle
		History: donated to Penn State by General Motors for research and education
		Plans: Platform for testing and demonstrating advances in fuel cell and hydrogen storage
		Copyright 2004 [Pennsylvania Transportation Institute - Vehicle Systems and Safety Group].
	www.vss.psu.edu /H2VRC/h2vrc_gm_ev.htm (97 words)

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