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Topic: History of the halfpenny

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	History of the halfpenny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All hammered coinage halfpennies tend to be difficult to identify because they were small, often clipped, and in poor condition, and the legends on the coins are often incorrect because of the difficulty in making dies which were small enough for the denomination.
		Halfpennies weighing 5.7 grams and of 25 millimetres diameter (which was to remain the standard size of the coin for the remainder of its existence) were minted in all years of Edward VII's reign (1901-1910) except 1901.
		Halfpennies of this reign suffer somewhat from "ghosting", caused by production problems when the image of one side partly comes through to the other; efforts were made to solve the problem with a modification of the king's effigy in 1925, but the problem wasn't finally solved until a second modification in 1928.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_halfpenny (3966 words)

	The Story of the Halfpenny. A Brief History, by Chard
		The halfpenny was demonetised and withdrawn in August 1969.
		During the reign of Elizabeth I, a different design was introduced for the halfpennies, a portcullis on the obverse, and a cross with pellets (raised dots) in the angles on the reverse.
		The large copper halfpennies issued for Charles II, from 1672 to 1675, bore a portrait of the king facing left, and their reverse type was a figure of Britannia seated left, holding a spear and olive branch.
	www.24carat.co.uk /halfpencestory.html (1458 words)

	Australian Coin Internet Magazine - October 2003
		The halfpenny, although having a history of its’ own, does not hold the same glamour of its’ big brother, the penny.
		The first major change to the halfpenny occurred in 1938 where the monarch on the reverse changed with the death of George V and the abdication of Edward VIII, to George VI in 1938.
		Although the halfpenny does not have the glamour of the penny, for the average collector all coins are obtainable at very reasonable prices except for the 1923 coin.
	www.coinmagazine.net /mag_october_2003.htm (989 words)

	History of Freemasonry in Meath - Larry Conlon.
		Masonic history can be traced from the early medieval craft guilds in which skilled craftsmen associated with one another and received their training, through to the time of the labour combinations, and later, the trade unions.
		The masons parading in the same procession were decked out in white aprons embroidered with the square and compass and the all-seeing eye.
		The view expressed by Madden, in his history of the United Irishmen, reflects the opinion held by the government in 1796, which portrays the Defenders as an organisation of uneducated peasants.
	www.meath.org /History.html (11012 words)

	History of Ice Cream, Ices, Sorbets, Granitas - Ice Cream History
		Catherine, fourteen at the time, was accompanied by twelve young ladies-in-waiting near her own age, and, undoubtedly, a large retinue that included cooks and servants to wait on the large party that brought her by ship to Marseilles and cared for the travelers on the overland voyage to the French Court.
		When used as a field of study, history refers to human history, which is the recorded past of human societies.
		The Penny Ice, also known as halfpenny ices, caught on rapidly and Gatti was at the forefront of selling ice cream to the ordinary man or woman, who had previously been unable to afford a taste of such luxury.
	www.whatscookingamerica.net /History/IceCream/IceCreamHistory.htm (5842 words)

	History of Lycoming County Pennsylvania edited by John F. Meginness; ©1892
		The most prominent of the early settlers, whose name is closely interwoven with the history of colonial times, was Col. John Henry Antes.
		An exhaustive history of this famous family may be found in Gernerd’s Now and Then, Vol.
		Frederick, in his history of the Lutheran church of the valley, says that Rev. Gustavus Schultze, a Lutheran minister, Rev. B.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/pa/county/lycoming/history/Chapter-40.html (9222 words)

	300 Years of Piano Building (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		History of the devine instrument from the inventor Cristofori to the refined technology of Steinway and Sons [Hamburg] Piano...fortissimo.
		A contribution to the history of the Scholze piano co. Prispevek k historii firmy Scholze.
		History and bibliography of the piano in Italy Histoire et bibliographie du piano en italie.
	www.mozartpiano.com /biblio.html (12436 words)

	Bobbington Web Site - Bobbington History Group News
		Bobbington parish, on the western verge of the county, nine miles SW of Wolverhampton, has 418 souls and 2630 acres of land, of which 22 souls and about 500 acres, with part of the hamlet of Halfpenny Green, are in Shropshire.
		The Earl of Stamford and William Moseley, Esq, are the principal proprietors of the soil, and the latter, who has a pleasant seat here, called Leaton Hall, is lord of the manor and impropriator, having purchased the tithes of the late Thomas Whitmore, Esq, of Apley.
		The perpetual curacy is in the patronage of TC Whitmore, Esq, and incumbency of the Rev George Hilder Betterton Gabert, MA, of Claverley."
	www.chipmonk.demon.co.uk /bobb/history.htm (266 words)

	About the Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture: Text Collections
		Charles-Lucien Bonaparte (1803-1857) was nephew to Napoleon I and the eldest son of Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino (Italy) and known as a collector of paintings and antiquities.
		Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands is one of the natural history books in the Chester Thordarson Collection in the UW Madison, Memorial Library Department of Special Collections.
		William Halfpenny was the pseudonym for Michael Hoare, a prolific architectural writer.
	digicoll.library.wisc.edu /DLDecArts/TextAbout.shtml (5575 words)

	1916 mule halfpenny
		A small number of 1916 halfpennies were struck with the obverse die for an Indian quarter anna.
		The halfpenny is minted on the obverse side like an Indian halfpenny of the same period.
		Furthermore, the planchet for the quarter anna was somewhat thinner than that for the halfpenny.
	www.triton.vg /H16Cmule.html (979 words)

	British Half Penny coin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article is about the British decimal half penny coin, issued between 1971 and 1984, only.
		Please see History of the halfpenny for the pre-decimal halfpenny, issued between 1272 and 1969.
		The British decimal Half Penny (½p) or Ha'penny (pronounced HAY-p'nee) coin was first issued on 15 February 1971, the day the British currency was decimalised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_coin_Half_Penny (247 words)

	The Salacious Historian's 17th c. History
		Fractions of 1/2d and 1/4d were used to designate a halfpenny and a farthing.
		During the rules of James I (1603-1625) and Charles I (1625-1649) coins were hammer struck rather than milled, with several denominations remaining from the Tudor era.
		They were usually worth a halfpenny or farthing (only the coffee-houses found it worthwhile to issue 1 penny tokens).
	www.kipar.org /historical-resources/history_coins.html (4258 words)

	McLaughlin: Constitutional History of the United States (1936)
		Constitutional history, moreover, when viewed in its entirety, is of almost limitless extent, because to comprehend it fully one must have in mind social and industrial change and movement.
		To solve the problem of imperial organization, therefore, grounded as it was in the history of the old empire, was the central, dominating, irrepressible task of a generation (1750-1788).
		For our constitutional history the important fact is this: however many persons were ready to proclaim the total absence of parliamentary power over the colonies, writers and debaters were struggling for years more or less successfully with the conception of restricted governmental power and the organization of a politically-diversified empire.
	www.constitution.org /cmt/mclaughlin/chus.htm (16215 words)

	Halfpenny: Situating Simulation in Sociology
		Positivism is the place to start, for it has exercised enormous influence over sociology's understanding of its explanatory task (Halfpenny, 1982).
		Positivism is often taken as the embodiment of modernity, the vehicle that promised to deliver the fruits of the enlightenment to all disciplined human thought.
		Throughout the history of the social sciences, interpretivism has been positivism's constant rival.
	www.socresonline.org.uk /2/3/9.html (3114 words)

	Wicken: Charities for the poor \| British History Online
		Publication: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 10
		Citation: 'Wicken: Charities for the poor', A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 10: Cheveley, Flendish, Staine and Staploe Hundreds (north-eastern Cambridgeshire) (2002), pp.
		It was to maintain seven poor men in an almshouse at Wicken, giving each daily a halfpenny loaf and a herring, shoes and linen for underwear yearly, and a woollen coat (tunica) every other year, also 200 turves a year each for heating.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=18974 (1270 words)

	billingsgazette.com
		Halfpenny also will offer an evening lecture in the Coe Auditorium at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center on "Tracking: Ancient Tool to Modern Science" at 7 p.m., followed by a book signing.
		Halfpenny is a scientist and educator who owns A Naturalist's World, a company that provides educational materials and programs on natural history subjects.
		Halfpenny is a fellow of the Explorer's Club and has led research expeditions in Antarctica, China, Greenland, Kenya, Tanzania and the United States.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2004/05/04/build/wyoming/85-wy-loc-guide.inc (604 words)

	T.B. Macaulay - History of England, Vol. I, Ch. III (part 5)
		The ordinary fare was about twopence halfpenny a mile in summer, and somewhat more in winter.
		It is not impossible that our descendants, when they read the history of the opposition offered by cupidity and prejudice to the improvements of the nineteenth century, may smile in their turn.
		In spite of the attractions of the flying coaches, it was still usual for men who enjoyed health and vigour, and who were not encumbered by much baggage, to perform long journeys on horseback.
	www.strecorsoc.org /macaulay/m03e.html (6396 words)

	§15. The Halfpenny morning press. IV. The Growth of Journalism. Vol. 14. The Victorian Age, Part Two. The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes.
		The closing years of the century saw that advent of the halfpenny morning press to which reference has been made.
		There had been such papers in the provinces for thirty years, The Northern Echo being established in Darlington in 1869, The North Star in the same town in 1880, and, about the same time, The Newcastle Express, in the closing years of a long life, was published at the same price.
	www.bartleby.com /224/0415.html (269 words)

	Bobbington Web Site - Halfpenny Green Airfield
		It was around this time that the station’s name was changed to Halfpenny Green to stop any confusion with a new airfield near London that was called Bovingdon.
		Halfpenny Green became involved, and on the 15 May 1952 No.2 Air Signallers School formed here with a compliment of Avro Anson Mk19/21 plus a lesser number of Prentice aircraft.
		This school was engaged in the training of the new breed of wireless/radar operators, primarily for Bomber Command, who were still using them in Lincoln bombers and B29 Washingtons.
	www.chipmonk.demon.co.uk /bobb/airhist.htm (1005 words)

	THE CLASH: A History of U.S.-Japan Relations by Walter LaFeber
		Japanese history is pockmarked by uprisings, riots, and assassinations.
		The Dutch responded with history lessons that featured the revolt against the British in 1776 (because, the Dutch emphasized, of cruel treatment by the British), the 1787 Constitution, the great George Washington ("a very capable general" whose name has been given to "a new city"), and Thomas Jefferson.
		By 1839 one group of intellectuals was so active in learning from the Dutch and spreading the information that several committed suicide fearing their activities embarrassed their daimyo master in the eyes of the Shogun.
	www.chron.com /cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/ae/books/9798/09/21/lafeberch1.html (5098 words)

	Coins of the UK - The Halfpenny
		The first copper halfpenny was minted in 1672 during the reign of Charles II, and the coin was also minted in 1673 and 1675.
		In 1694 the decision was made to revert to copper for the halfpenny, and an attractive pattern of that date is known.
		Inevitably a shortage followed in due course, and a new issue was made in 1717, often called the dump issue as the coins were smaller and thicker than before.
	www.tclayton.demon.co.uk /halfp.html (2306 words)

	Wildlife Books, Sequoia Natural History Association
		For each insect, distinguishing features of its appearance, features of its biology, and its geographical distribution in California are summarized; and an illustration is given of the adult or some other stage.
		The lessons of the book resonate today as the issues of protection of wildlife habitat versus development of land for human use are debated with increasing urgency.
		Complete natural history, bears in art and legend, prospects for the future, bear protection and management, and much more - for all species throughout the world.
	www.sequoiahistory.org /books/bookwildlife.htm (1651 words)

	The Food Timeline: history notes-candy
		While the history of sweet compact confections (with or without nuts) is ancient, the fudge we Americans enjoy today (especially of the chocolate variety) is a relative newcomer.
		While sugar-coated nuts were known in the middle ages (Jordan almonds & dragees), food historians generally attribute the "invention" of the praline to Lassagne, officer of the table to Marechal du Plessis, duke of Choiseul-Praslin.
		The history of butterscotch is closely connected to that of toffee/taffy.
	www.foodtimeline.org /foodcandy.html (16896 words)

	News Releases
		One of the few known 1773 pattern Virginia halfpennies, in superb condition.
		This proof is one of the prototypes, struck to the Irish weight standard and is heavier than those struck for circulation.
		Unique in American colonial history, the Virginia halfpenny is the only coin produced under royal authority for the only colony with a legal right to such coinage.
	www.history.org /foundation/press_release/displayPressRelease.cfm?pressReleaseId=142 (520 words)

	The Story of the Farthing. A Brief History, by Chard
		Although a round halfpenny had been issued as early as 886 for Alfred the Great, and they continued to be produced under most monarchs, they were never issued in large quantities.
		These were made with a small plug of copper, and using a design similar to the copper issue, except that the date appears on the edge of the coin, which also carries the inscription NUMMORUM FAMULUS.
		From 1860, farthings, along with pennies and halfpennies, were reduced in size and produced in bronze, which is more hard-wearing.
	www.24carat.co.uk /farthingstory.html (1145 words)

	History Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		For a mere "shilling a day, which meant a halfpenny a mile," she might even have the luxury of lying in the soft straw.
		Nights however might also have to be spent either in the wagon or in a bam along the way since no respectable inn would lodge someone who rode in a wagon (George, Hogarth 51).
		The Splendid Shilling: A Social History of an Engaging Coin.
	las.alfred.edu /~egl/grove/1998/egl313/reports/lindahistory.html (1977 words)

	Hi-Grade British, English, and United Kingdom Copper and Bronze Halfpenny Coins (Halfpennies) - Competitive Prices - ...
		Under later British monarchs copper halfpennies were milled and the Britannia motif appeared.
		The size of the British halfpenny was reduced in 1806 and 1807.
		United Kingdom copper halfpennies were produced until 1860 when smaller, bronze (more durable) halfpennies were introduced.
	ssenterprise.tripod.com /halfpenn.htm (225 words)

	Thumbnail History of Smoking Bans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The only important issues concerning smoking bans are how they affect private property rights, personal freedoms, and the economic impact on businesses, their employees, the state budget, and you the taxpayer.
		The history of the anti-smoking campaign first began with a “study” done by the EPA which stated 53,000 deaths a year could be attributed to SHS.
		The only problem with this is that the EPA had not even done the “study” at the time of their announcement.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1329485/posts (2551 words)

	History of Nova Scotia; Book.2; Part 2; Ch. 6., Acts of Parliament (1764-6)"
		History of Nova Scotia; Book.2; Part 2; Ch.
		One of the first orders of business after the war, for England, as is the case for all war torn nations, was to attempt to put its finances in order.
		By the act, the press, which to government, was then becoming quite troublesome16 was to be taxed:
	www.blupete.com /Hist/NovaScotiaBk2/Part2/Ch06.htm (2417 words)

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