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Topic: History of whaling

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	Science Fair Projects - History of whaling
		The type of whale sought was at that time abundant in the North Atlantic and particularly in the Bay of Biscay: the right whale—named because it was the "right" whale to hunt.
		By the late 16th century, right whales were almost exterminated in the eastern North Atlantic and Basque, Norwegian and Icelandic whalers were traveling as far afield as the Gulf of St Lawrence and to the edges of the Greenland ice-pack.
		In the heyday of whaling during the 19th and early 20th centuries, large species such as the Humpback Whale and Blue Whale were the primary targets.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/History_of_whaling (2470 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Harpoon
		Whaling harpoon A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing to catch fish or other large aquatic animals such as whales.
		For over 1000 years, the two flue harpoon was the primary weapon used in whaling around the world, though in the Arctic, natives used the more advanced toggling harpoon design.
		An engraving showing a two flu harpoon used in whaling The two flue harpoon or two flue iron (which, together with the one flue harpoon, were known as common harpoons) is a type of harpoon using in whaling for at least 1000 years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Harpoon (1133 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Useful References on Whaling
		The Rise and Fall of New Bedford Whaling and the Death of the Arctic Fleet.
		The History of Whaling in the Western Arctic.
		Jenkins, J. l92l A History of the Whale Fisheries from the Basque Fisheries of the Tenth Century to the Hunting of the Finner Whale at the Present Date.
	www.si.edu /Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/whaling.htm (1473 words)

	History of whaling in Australia
		Whale by-products were used for a number of things: whale blubber was melted down to be used as oil for lamp fuel, lubricants, candles and as a base for perfumes and soaps, Baleen (whalebone) was used for items such as corsets, whips and umbrellas.
		Whale protection for certain whale species commenced in the 1930s after the effects of whaling on whale populations became more apparent.
		Whaling ceased on humpback whales in 1963, and they were protected worldwide in 1965 after recognition of a dramatic global decline in numbers.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/species/cetaceans/history.html (499 words)

	'Thar She Blows': Whaling in Alaska and the Yukon - ExploreNorth
		Of the 77 varieties of whales in the world, the most important from both subsistence and commercial perspectives have generally been the 11 types of baleen whales; in the western Arctic, the bowhead, and to a lesser degree the beluga, have been the primary focus of attention, due to several factors.
		Baleen whales are generally larger and slower than toothed whales, making them easier prey for traditional hunters, while the increasingly-complex demands of 18th and 19th Century European and American society placed a high value on both the oil and baleen obtained from the whales.
		During this period, the sperm whale was the most sought-after, because of the quantity of oil it contained, and because it floated when killed, whereas most species sink to the bottom.
	www.explorenorth.com /library/yafeatures/bl-whaling.htm (1367 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As a nod of the hat to the town's whaling history, the local Australian Rules Football team was christened the Mighty, Mighty Eden Whalers FC.
		Whaling played a very important role in the town's economy for over 100 years before its decline in the area in the 1920s and its end in 1930.
		Eden's 'Killer Whale Museum' informs visitors of the history of whaling in the area and the role of orcas (killer whales) in herding whales into the harbour and helping whalers kill them.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Eden,_New_South_Wales (759 words)

	History of whaling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fac-simile of a Woodcut in the "Cosmographie Universelle" of Thevet, in folio: Paris, 1574.
		In the heyday of whaling during the 19th and early 20th centuries, large species such as the Humpback Whale and Blue Whale were the primary targets.
		Whales were primarily hunted for the oil contained in their bodies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_whaling (2534 words)

	History of Whaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Norwegians began whaling around between 800 and 1000 A.D. Whaling didn't become popular with the Americans, the Dutch, and the British until the 17th century (Bryant, 2000).
		After a whale was spotted, other members of the crew would get into smaller boats and row closer to the whale.
		When they were close enough to the whale, they would throw harpoons at the whale to kill it.
	filebox.vt.edu /k/kminga/historyofwhaling.htm (312 words)

	Whaling History
		As the blue whale became scarce, whalers moved on to the fin whale, then the sei whale, and now it is the relatively small minke whale that is hunted by Norway and Japan.
		Whale watching is proving very popular in Iceland, with the number of people paying to see whales doubling from 10,000 in 1996 to over 20,000 in 1997 (6).
		Whales watching is a humane and economically successful alternative to killing whales, and could be used to generate many new jobs.
	www.animalliberation.org.au /whalehist.php (945 words)

	PBS - The Voyage of the Odyssey - Class from the Sea - Ocean History
		The sinking of the whaleship Essex by an enraged Sperm whale was the event that inspired the climactic scene of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
		Just as Chase had been convinced the whale had attacked the Essex out of revenge, Ahab too was haunted by the white whale that had taken his leg, believing he had done so out of a calculating mischief.
		It was a huge whale, estimated to be 85 ft in length, and approximately 80 tons.
	www.pbs.org /odyssey/class/mobydick.html (609 words)

	The College Hill Independent - Whale, Oh Whale Have You Gone?
		In April 1614, he gave up "chasing" whales because the pursuit was time-consuming, frustrating, and anyway, the New England whales were "not the Whale that yeeldes Finnes and Oyle as wee expected." But persistent settlers were rewarded.
		Whaling persisted on Monterey Bay until the gray whales caught in lagoons nearly became extinct, and 50 years after the onset of California whaling, killing the species was forbidden.
		In addition to the failure of West Coast whaling, the War of 1812 and the lack of trade partners, whaling was further hampered by the financial crash of 1857, and struck again by the discovery of petroleum in Pennsylvania: kerosene was cheaper than whale oil, and there was more of it.
	www.brown.edu /Students/INDY/cms/content/view/202/74 (1725 words)

	makah.htm
		We found the weapons used to hunt whales, harpoon point blades made of sharpened mussel shell, bone harpoon valves, cedar rope lanyards, and parts of the sealskin floats used to drag the whale.
		Whaling demands comparable physical and spiritual provisions today-- although unfortunately-- the whaling crew has faced intimidation and threats of violence by misguided radical environmentalists.
		The Makah hunt was sanctioned by the International Whaling Commission because it did not pose a threat to the survival of gray whales.
	www.uoregon.edu /~mmoss/makah.htm (903 words)

	The history of whaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The conditions for the expansions of whaling were the invention that made it possible to make margarine of almost 100 percent whale oil.
		Svend Foyns use of the steam whaleboat and construction of the harpoon gun and the grenade were decisive for the development of the modern whaling.
		In case of hit in the front the grenade explodes in the whale, and the whale dies right away.
	www.aurora.komvux.norrkoping.se /hetland/envir/history.htm (368 words)

	Iceland's history of whaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 2002, after two failed attempts to rejoin the IWC with a reservation against the moratorium on commercial whaling, Iceland was finally, but controversially, readmitted at a special IWC meeting (to address Aboriginal Whaling issues) in October 2002.
		This argument misses the point that abundant whale stocks and abundant fish stocks have co-existed through the millennia and that as fish stocks plummet, the cause is not whales, but human over-fishing.
		Whales are an inherent and natural part of healthy marine ecosystems.
	www.wdcs.org /dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/36FBBB89C0EF9A2980256F350055152D (961 words)

	Japan Whaling Assoc. -History of Whaling-
		In the era when blue whales and fin whales were the main target, it played an important role to pass the captured whales to a mother ship reinforcing the function of the slipway.
		AIn the heyday of whaling where whale oil was the main object of whaling, whales were counted based on the whale oil potential; one blue whale was equal to two fin, two-and-a half humpbacks, or six sei whales.
		ACCEPTING that scientific research has shown that whales consume huge quantities of fish making the issue a matter of food security for coastal nations and requiring that the issue of management of whale stocks must be considered in a broader context of ecosystem management since eco-system management has now become an international standard.
	www.whaling.jp /english/history.html (1261 words)

	New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park (NPS) - News and Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A number of whaling stations were established in communities along the Alaska coast, including Barrow, and many whalemen found themselves wintering over in the Arctic waiting for the ice to break up in the spring.
		In order to ensure that the contribution of Alaska natives to the history of whaling would be fully recognized, the law establishing the historical park in New Bedford also established an affiliation with the Iñupiat Heritage Center in Barrow.
		New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park is the only National Park Service area addressing the history of the whaling industry and its influence on the economic, social and environmental history of the United States.
	www.nps.gov /nebe/barrow.htm (894 words)

	Sea Shepherd Japanese Bribery Revealed Sea Shepherd Char
		All it took was a query to the Japanese foreign affairs office to reveal that the Japanese last year donated 617 million yen ($2.9m) to St Kitts and Nevis, the Caribbean nation that hosted the IWC conference.
		Whale eating has been declining in Japan since the 1960s and is eaten regularly by less than 1 per cent of the population.
		The movement to escalate whaling by Japan, smells of Yakusa influence and explains the ruthless arrogance of the Japanese whaling industry.
	www.seashepherd.org /news/media_060716_1p.html (904 words)

	Australian Whaling History, Byron Bay Whaling Station
		However, by 1956 whaling stations were operating at Norfolk Island and Moreton Island (near Brisbane) in Queensland, and at Byron Bay and Eden in New South Wales.
		Whale watching season runs from late June through to late September each year, when Humpback and Right whales move north from Antarctica to their winter feeding and birthing territories.
		A Sanctuary for Whales and Eco-tourism - Brazil
	www.bigvolcano.com.au /human/whaling.htm (727 words)

	Dundee and the Whaling Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The history of whaling Dundee is an important aspect of the town's heritage.
		The whale oil was important for softening or batching the jute fibre before it could be spun.
		Whaling stocks were dwindling as a result of overfishing, and so by the time of World War One, Dundee had ceased to be a whaling port.
	www.dundee.ac.uk /education/bed/hist/Resource/fwhaling.html (276 words)

	Green Left - A history of carnage
		As early as 1937, the danger of over-exploitation was evident, and the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was negotiated in London.
		Whaling for “scientific research” is no different from that conducted for profit.
		The great whales are under increasing pressure from toxic pollution and an expanding ozone hole, which is reducing the population of the krill and plankton upon which they feed.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1994/144/9662 (833 words)

	[No title]
		The great whales, some smaller cetaceans, and several tuna species, whose management is the responsibility of international organisations, have the special status of “highly migratory species” under the Law of the Sea.
		The history of whaling and the attempts to regulate it reveal that although sustainable exploitation is widely endorsed as an objective, it is difficult to implement because it rarely serves the specific interests of any of the parties.
		Some elements of this approach, such as the designation of sanctuary areas, are already emerging in the case of whales, but a chronic lack of consensus in relevant international fora, arising from a failure to settle the management issues, leaves the achievements to date on a relatively fragile political footing.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?id=87323 (517 words)

	Gothic.net Community - Whaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Despite the international moratorium on whaling agreed to by most governments in 1986, a handful of nations with a long history of whaling continue to hunt the marine mammals for research projects—and meat.
		He points to the example of how seal populations are managed in some North Atlantic nations as one possible scenario for the future control of whales—Canada allowed the culling of 350,000 seals earlier this year in a move it claimed was necessary to protect commercial fish stocks.
		The article also called for debate in the scientific community on how whales are used as conservation icons and whether whale watching has a negative effect on the animals and the environment.
	www.gothic.net /boards/showthread.php?p=152999 (1881 words)

	[No title]
		Sei whales appear to be strongly migratory, spending the winters in warm, subtropical waters and migrating to temperate or polar seas to feed in the summer.
		After the blue whale populations were depleted in the 1930s, whalers directed their energies to catching the next largest species, the fin whale.
		It is difficult to isolate the history of whaling for this species because sei and Bryde’s whales were combined in the catch statistics up until about 1975.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=26607 (907 words)

	History of whaling, Saldanha Bay, West Coast of South Africa, Weskus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From the moment that a half-way station at the Cape was mooted, The Council of Seventeen of the Dutch East India Company was aware of the presence of whales from the report of the survivors of the Nieuw Haerlem, wrecked 1647, who witnessed their presence.
		The results were poor though, partly because the whales were only found in the Bay in winter when the weather was stormy and also due to the shallow water of the Bay.
		Whaling thereafter was sporadic but the American War of Independence brought American Whalers to the South Atlantic and by the year 1788 over 40 ships were collecting full loads of whale oil off the Cape.
	www.sawestcoast.com /stwhale.html (635 words)

	Oceans Africa - A BRIEF HISTORY OF WHALING IN SOUTH AFRICA
		Right whales already have their reputation for being the "right whales" to kill - they are slow moving and will float when dead.
		Southern right whales are now so uneconomical they are afforded some protection.
		Large numbers of sperm whale are still caught periodically.
	www.oceansafrica.com /whalinghistory.htm (515 words)

	1996 WhaleNet Archive: Case Study: JAPAN'S IWC POSITIONS (fwd)
		Whaling is not an extraordinary activity but is one applicable area in the conservation and rational utilization of wildlife or fishery resources.
		Scientific catches of minke whales are legal and have proved to have no adverse effect on the stock.
		Currently, for example, four coastal areas in Japan which have a long history of whaling are facing major hardships re- lated to socio-economic impacts caused by the IWC Moratorium.
	whale.wheelock.edu /archives/whalenet96/0226.html (500 words)

	History of Whaling
		The museum's main exhibition focuses on the history of whaling throughout the years and in different cultures.
		The traditional Inuit whaling, the American's hunt for the sperm whale in the Atlantic Ocean and the modern Norwegian whaling of the world.The historical department tells uf of the efforts and risks taken both by individuals and companies under the unusual working conditions in an extreme climate.
		All aspects of the catch are portrayed, getting the equipment ready, the hunt and catch, the buoy boat, cutting up of the whale on the floating factory ship, and of course about the museum's restored whale catcher "Southern Actor".
	www.hvalfangstmuseet.no /Utskrift.asp?Cat=32&id= (186 words)

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