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	Zoology - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals.
		The real dawn of zoology after the legendary period of the Middle Ages is connected with the name of an Englishman, Edward Edward Wotton, born at Oxford in 1492, who practised as a physician in London and died in 1555.
		The most ready means of noting the progress of zoology during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries is to compare Aristotle's classificatory conceptions of successive naturalists with those which are to be found in the works of Caldon.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/z/o/o/Zoology.html (578 words)

	The Darwin Digital Library
		The Darwin Digital Library of Evolution is based at the American Museum of Natural History Library.
		The work of Charles Robert Darwin is our pivot, but our framework includes the 17th century to the present and encompasses the history of evolution as a scientific theory with deep roots and broad cultural consequences.
		A long-term scholarly project producing a comprehensive edition of Darwin's scientific manuscripts to the highest standards of textual editing.
	darwinlibrary.amnh.org (250 words)

	Zoology - Biocrawler
		Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals.
		The real dawn of zoology after the legendary period of the Middle Ages is connected with the name of an Englishman, Edward Edward Wotton, born at Oxford in 1492, who practised as a physician in London and died in 1555.
		The most ready means of noting the progress of zoology during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries is to compare Aristotle's classificatory conceptions of successive naturalists with those which are to be found in the works of Caldon.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Zoology (580 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - History of zoology (before Darwin) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Comparative anatomy came into existence as a branch of inquiry apart from zoology, and it was only in the latter part of the 19th century that the limitation of the word zoology to a knowledge of animals which expressly excludes the consideration of their internal structure was rejected by scientists.
		Darwin's discoveries revolutionised the zoological and botanical sciences, by introducing the theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for the diversity of all animal and plant life.
		Thus mysticism was finally banished from the domain of biology, and zoology became one of the physical sciencesthe science which seeks to arrange and discuss the phenomena of animal life and form, as the outcome of the operation of the laws of physics and chemistry.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/History_of_zoology_(before_Darwin) (1790 words)

	ZOOLOGY,
		Although Darwin recognized the importance of heredity in understanding the evolutionary process, he was unaware of the work of a contemporary, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who first formulated the concept of particulate hereditary factors—later called genes.
		Vertebrate zoology, the study of animals with backbones, is divided into ichthyology (fish), herpetology (amphibians and reptiles), ornithology (birds), and mammalogy (mammals).
		Evolutionary zoology, which draws on all of the fields just mentioned, is concerned with the mechanisms of evolutionary change—speciation and adaptation—and with the evolutionary history of animal groups.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..zo009100.a (1494 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Zoology
		Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals.
		The real dawn of zoology after the legendary period of the Middle Ages is connected with the name of an Englishman, Edward Edward Wotton, born at Oxford in 1492, who practised as a physician in London and died in 1555.
		The most ready means of noting the progress of zoology during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries is to compare Aristotle's classificatory conceptions of successive naturalists with those which are to be found in the works of Caldon.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Zoology (688 words)

	History of zoology (before Darwin) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indeed the historical importance of aspect or branch of zoology was previously great that the name zoology had until the beginning of the 20th century been associated entirely with it to exclusion of the study of minute anatomical (anatomy) and function (physiology).
		Comparative anatomy came into existence as a branch inquiry apart from zoology and it was in the latter part of the 19th century that the limitation of the word to a knowledge of animals which expressly the consideration of their internal structure was by scientists.
		The history of the crust of the earth was explained by Lyell as due to a process of development in order to effect which he in no cataclysmic agencies no mysterious forces from those operating at the present day.
	www.freeglossary.com /History_of_zoology_(before_Darwin) (1832 words)

	Zoology
		The original branches of zoology established in the late 19th century such as zoo-physics, bionomics and morphography, have largely been subsumed into more broad areas of biology which include studies of mechanisms common to both plants and animals.
		The real dawn of zoology after the legendary period of the Middle Ages is connected with the name of an Englishman, Edward Edward Wotton, born at Oxford in 1492, who practised as a physician in London and died in 1555.
		The most ready means of noting the progress of zoology during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries is to compare Aristotle's classificatory conceptions of successive naturalists with those which are to be found in the works of Caldon.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Zoology.html (479 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > History of zoology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indeed, the historical importance of this aspect or branch of zoological science was previously so great that the name zoology had until the beginning of the 20th century been associated entirely with it, to the exclusion of the study of minute anatomical structure (anatomy) and function (physiology).
		Thus comparative anatomy[?] came into existence as a branch of inquiry apart from zoology, and it was only in the latter part of the 19th century that the limitation of the word zoology to a knowledge of animals which expressly excludes the consideration of their internal structure was rejected by scientists.
		It is now generally recognised that it is mere tautology to speak of zoology and comparative anatomy, and that museum naturalists must give attention as well to the inside as to the outside of animals.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/hi/History_of_zoology (1685 words)

	Zoology - MSN Encarta
		Zoology, the branch of biology devoted to the study of the animal kingdom (Animalia).
		Although Darwin recognized the importance of heredity in understanding the evolutionary process, he was unaware of the work of a contemporary, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who first formulated the concept of particulate hereditary factors—later called genes.
		Evolutionary zoology, which draws on all of the fields just mentioned, is concerned with the mechanisms of evolutionary change—speciation and adaptation—and with the evolutionary history of animal groups.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761567476 (1478 words)

	History of zoology before Darwin: Encyclopedia II - History of zoology before Darwin - The rise of the naturalist
		History of zoology before Darwin - The rise of the naturalist: Encyclopedia II - History of zoology before Darwin - The rise of the naturalist
		History of zoology before Darwin - The rise of the naturalist
		Comparative anatomy came into existence as a branch of inquiry apart from zoology, and it was only in the latter part of the 19th century that the limitation of the word zoology to a knowledge of animals which expressly excludes the consideration of their internal structure was rejected by scientists.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/History_of_zoology_before_Darwin_-_The_rise_of_the_naturalist/id/5136231 (553 words)

	History of zoology, post-Darwin - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Charles Darwin gave new stimulus and new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them as part of a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution but a part of the wider doctrine of universal evolution based on the laws of physics and chemistry.
		The studies which occupied Darwin himself subsequent to the publication of the Origin of Species, that is the explanations of animal and plant mechanisms, coloring, habits, which confer advantages to the individuals within a species, were only gradually being carried further in the early 20th century.
		Darwin's great merit was that he excluded from his theory of development any necessary assumption of the transmission of acquired characters.
	www.music.us /education/H/History-of-zoology,-post-Darwin.htm (2675 words)

	Charles Darwin
		Darwin was an English naturalist renowned for his documentation of evolution and for his theory of its operation, known as Darwinism.
		Darwin was the son of Robert Waring Darwin, who had one of the largest medical practices outside of London, and the grandson of the physician Erasmus Darwin, the author of Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life, and of the artisan-entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood.
		Darwin was also preparing his geology books and superintending the analysis and publication by specialists of The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle (published between 1839 and 1843 with the help of a £1,000 government grant).
	www.crystalinks.com /darwin.html (4021 words)

	The Scientists: Charles Darwin.
		Darwin's "evolutionary and comprehensive vision" is a monistic one, it shows that our universe is a "unitary and continuous process," there does not exist a "dualistic split," and that all phenomena are natural.
		Darwin and Wallace jointly presented their theories to a learned society in London on July 1st, 1858 and both papers were published by the society shortly thereafter.
		Darwin was not a conversationalist and he only very rarely appeared in public to defend his theories himself; he was fully represented by Thomas H. Huxley, "Darwin's Bulldog." It is interesting to note what Thomas H. Huxley said about his topic when confronted with the opposition in the form of Bishop Wilberforce of Oxford.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Science/Darwin.htm (2306 words)

	Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist
		Darwin, deeply studied in the sciences of his time, yet living somewhat independently from his colleagues, was able to think in new ways and to conceive of worlds quite unimaginable to his more orthodox friends.
		Darwin argued that species—that is the different kinds of organisms in the world —come not from multiple unique creation events on each island or particular place—but instead that species are the modified descendants of earlier forms.
		Darwin demonstrated that the origination of species could be entirely explained by descent with modification and that a host of facts were inconsistent with the belief in spontaneous creations according to environmental circumstances or divine interventions.
	darwin-online.org.uk /darwin.html (3572 words)

	History of biology Summary
		In the 18th century many fields of science—including botany, zoology, and geology—began to professionalize, forming the precursors of scientific disciplines in the modern sense (though the process would not be complete until the late 1800s).
		Natural history referred to the descriptive aspects of biology, though it also included mineralogy and other non-biological fields; from the middle ages through the Renaissance, the unifying framework of natural history was the scala naturae or Great Chain of Being.
		Botany, zoology, and (in the case of fossils) geology replaced natural history and natural philosophy in the 18th and 19th century before biology was widely adopted.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_biology (3246 words)

	The Death of Darwinism
		Darwin's theory in a nutshell is that organisms produce offspring which vary slightly from their parents, and natural selection will favor the survival of those individuals whose peculiarities (sharper teeth, more prehensile claws, etc.) render them best adapted to their environment.
		Darwin extrapolated from these observations the notion that over many millennia species could evolve by a similar process of selection, the only difference being that the "breeder" is nature itself, sifting out the weakest and allowing the fittest to survive.
		Darwin was aware, however, that the fossil record of his day showed nothing of the sort.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Issues/Darwin.html (3082 words)

	AboutDarwin.com - Who was Darwin
		Darwin learned many things in his brother's lab, the most important of which were the proper methods of scientific experimentation - a set of skills that would greatly benefit him in his future career as a naturalist.
		Darwin thought it was a most excellent plan, as members of the clergy were quite keen to engage in natural history studies.
		Darwin's relation to his wife, Emma, was a very special one, for it was with her that Darwin found his happiness.
	www.aboutdarwin.com /darwin/WhoWas.html (5955 words)

	This Day in History 1881: Darwin publishes work on mold and worms
		Darwin, the privileged and well-connected son of a successful English doctor, had been interested in botany and natural sciences since his boyhood, despite the discouragement of his early teachers.
		By the time Darwin returned, he had developed an outstanding reputation as a field researcher and scientific writer, based on his many papers and letters dispatched from South America and the Galapagos Islands, which were read at meetings of prominent scientific societies in London.
		Darwin began publishing studies of zoology and geology as soon as he returned from his voyage, while also secretly working on his radical theory of evolution.
	www.history.com /tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=4117 (349 words)

	Charles Darwin (1809-1882) gentleman naturalist
		Darwin spent most of his time thinking about the properties of organisms, how they all varied to some degree, how apparent lineages resembled one another, and how the the rigours of nature meant that a vast quantity of life was constantly being snuffed out in a natural winnowing of forms.
		Darwin sent the letter on to Lyell and it was decided, to avoid competition for priority, to publicize abstracts by both men as soon as possible.
		Darwin's theory of genealogical evolution (as opposed to earlier theories by Lamarck or Chambers which entailed independent lineages unfolding sequentially) made sense of a host of diverse bodies of evidence such as the succession of fossil forms in the geological record, geographical distribution of life, recapitulative appearances in embryology, homologies, and vestigial organs.
	www.victorianweb.org /science/darwin/intro.html (3000 words)

	The C. Warren Irvin, Jr., Collection of Charles Darwin and Darwiniana: Geology
		Darwin's interest in geological evidence for changes in land elevation had been piqued at the Beagle's very first landfall in 1832, in Teneriffe.
		Darwin's revision for this second edition was used in all subsequent Victorian editions.
		Darwin's selection to write the geological chapter in this official Admiralty manual for scientific exploration attests to his established reputation with influential contemporaries like Herschel.
	www.sc.edu /library/spcoll/nathist/darwin/darwin5.html (777 words)

	History of zoology (before Darwin)
		History of zoology (before Darwin) is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Zoology (Greek "ζώον", zoon = animal and "λόγος", logos = word, speech, with a literal meaning of "that which refers to" as in sociology, criminology etc.) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals.
		History of zoology (before Darwin): Encyclopedia II - Zoology - History of zoology
	www.experiencefestival.com /history_of_zoology_before_darwin (584 words)

	Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire
		The archetypal forms of Geoffroy's "transcendental zoology" were abstractions, not once-living ancestors; shared archetypal form did not necessarily indicate common ancestry.
		He had studied embryology and in particular teratology (the study of abnormal development) and suggested that morphological change was not slow and gradual, as Lamarck had proposed, but rather occurred in bursts that were caused by changes in embryological development.
		Darwin himself cited both the elder Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and his son Isidore (who had continued to develop some of his father's ideas) as persons who had anticipated his theory to a certain degree (Darwin, 1861).
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/hilaire.html (1288 words)

	Darwin's notebooks on geology, transmutation of species, metaphysical enquiries
		The images of Darwin's important formative notebooks provided here are taken from a colour 35mm microfilm that was made in 1982 in conjunction with the editing and transcription for the definitive edition:
		As it may be several years before funding can be found to scan the manuscripts afresh in colour, these images are provided in the interim.
		Darwin on man. A psychological study of scientific creativity; together with Darwin's early and unpublished notebooks.
	darwin-online.org.uk /EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_notebooks.html (502 words)

	100 Years Carnegie: The Contenders: Darwin
		Charles Darwin is the first of the evolutionary biologists, and he was the creator of the concept of natural selection.
		His father was a doctor, and Darwin studied medicine at Edinburgh, although it soon became apparent that he was not cut out for the medical field.
		His thesis was that life evolves by a process he termed "natural selection." Darwin posited that evolution is a continuous process, and that all phenomena can be explained naturally.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /History/Carnegie/contenders/darwin.html (711 words)

	Darwin \| American Museum of Natural History
		Darwin sent crates of specimens and detailed letters to J. Henslow, his Cambridge mentor, describing plants, animals and geological observations.
		Darwin was a precise and patient observer of animals, but his main interest at the time was geology.
		Darwin mulled over his data on the trip back, puzzling out mysteries and searching for patterns.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/darwin/trip/long.php (715 words)

	Psychology History
		Darwin, without Wallace, was the first to attempt to find an explanation of the varying species and to come up with a theory of evolution.
		Darwin was more than an average man. He lived the life he wanted and followed his love for nature.
		Darwin used his scientific ability on board the Beagle and came up with a theory that is discussed in every biology class world wide.
	fates.cns.muskingum.edu /~psych/psycweb/history/darwin.htm (1097 words)

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