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Topic: Hittite language

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Nesili

Anatolian languages

List of languages

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Hittite Empire

Hittites

Hattic language

Potiguara language

Semitic languages

Laryngeal theory

Luwian language

Hattians

Dead language

Northeast Caucasian languages

Hurrian language

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	HITTITES
		The importance of the discovery is that the archives made it possible to decipher the Hittite language, thus revealing information about previously unknown aspects of the culture, such as political organization, legislation, religion, and literature.
		Most of the texts found in the archives were written in the Hittite language, but treaties and state letters were written in Akkadian, the international language of the period.
		The Hittite king acted as the supreme priest, military commander, and chief judge of the land.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=211973 (1629 words)

	Hittite language
		Language used by the Hittites, an ancient people that lived in Anatolia in modern Turkey.
		Hittite language was introduced to Anatolia and northern Syria in the beginning of the 19th century BCE.
		The sources to Hittite language occur in 2 variations, cuneiform and hieroglyphic.
	www.lexicorient.com /e.o/hittite_lang.htm (203 words)

	Hittite language
		Language used by the Hittites, an ancient people that lived in Anatolia in modern Turkey.
		Hittite language was introduced to Anatolia and northern Syria in the beginning of the 19th century BCE.
		The sources to Hittite language occur in 2 variations, cuneiform and hieroglyphic.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hittite_lang.htm (203 words)

	HITTITE LANGUAGE,
		Palaic was spoken in the country called Pala, north of Hatti, and Luwian was spoken in the country called Arzawa, west of Hatti, and in Cilicia, south of Hatti; Lydian was spoken in northwestern Anatolia, Lycian (descended from Luwian) in the southwest.
		Hittite texts in cuneiform writing date to 1600 bc and are the oldest written records of any Indo-European language.
		Hittite was identified as an Indo-European language only in 1915, by the Czech Orientalist Bed[rcaron]ich Hrozny, and the related languages even more recently.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=211972 (523 words)

	[No title]
		Although the Hittites are mentioned several times in the Bible their empire and its location were forgotten until the nineteenth century when the slow process of their rediscovery began.
		Sayce's notion of a Hittite empire was not immediately accepted but he publicized it, including his conclusion that the capital of the empire was at the city of Boghaz Keui (Bogazkoy) about one hundred miles east of Ankara, Turkey.
		This was the clue to Hrozný that Hittite belonged to the Indo-European language family.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/hittite.htm (1134 words)

	Anatolian languages — FactMonster.com
		The Anatolian languages are the tongues of Indo-European-speaking invaders of Anatolia and became mixed to some extent with indigenous languages of the region.
		Grammatical features common to Hittite, Luwian, and Palaic include: two genders, one of which combines masculine and feminine as a common gender and the other of which is neuter; two moods, indicative and imperative, the first of which has a present and a preterit tense; and two voices, active and middle.
		Lycian, a language of SW Anatolia for which there are written records dated from about the 5th to 4th cent.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0803889.html (513 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Luwian
		This script was originally mislabeled as Hieroglyphic Hittite, because it was discovered in the archives of the Hittitle capital of Hattusa (modern Boğazköy), but its decipherment eventually led to the conclusion that the language recorded was not Hittite, but a related language called Luwian.
		Hittite and Luwian both belonged to Anatolian subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
		According to Hittite sources, the Luwians were their neighbors, and they formed a kingdom called Arzawa in western and southern Anatolia where Luwian hieroglyphs likely originated.
	www.ancientscripts.com /luwian.html (783 words)

	Hittite Online: Series Introduction
		Hittite is the oldest recorded Indo-European language, but it had remained completely unknown during the period in which Indo-European linguistics developed because its records are on clay tablets that were excavated only at the end of the 19th century.
		It is generally assumed that the Hittites came into Anatolia some time before 2000 B.C. While their earlier location is disputed, there has been strong evidence for more than a century that the home of the Indo-Europeans in the fourth and third millennia was in what is now southern Russia and the Ukraine.
		And Uriah, the husband of the beautiful Bathsheba and commander of a division of David's army, is identified as a Hittite in 2 Samuel 11:3 and elsewhere.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/eieol/hitol-0-X.html (2175 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		Following the assassination of Mursili I, the central government weakened and loosing their power, the Hittites temporarily came under the rule of a people from Asia, the Hurrites, who were Indo-Aryans settled in Upper Mesopotamia and in northern Syria, and who established the Kingdom of Mitanni (1650-1450).
		It is believed that the Hittites were one of the first people to work iron and the domestication of the horse (probably through the intermediary of the Hurrites) revolutionized both transport and, along with the chariot, war.
		Hittite God 14 – 13 BC The Peace treaty of Kadesh is recorded as the first international treaty in the world.
	www.guide-martine.com /history2.asp (804 words)

	SOAS:
		Its aim is for the students to achieve facility in reading and translating Hittite, and understanding of the content and background of the set texts.
		Texts to be studied will be selected from Hittite historical, legal and religious texts, such as the Apology of Hattusili, the Old Hittite Laws, the Edict of Telipinu, epic from the Kumarbi Cycle, and the Instructions to Temple Servants.
		The course is specifically designed as a component of the School’s MA Ancient Near Eastern Languages.
	www.soas.ac.uk /studying/coursedetail.cfm?coursesunitsid=148 (477 words)

	The language of threatening letters to King David \| MetaFilter
		However, I've been urged to share some related links, like this one which explains why Hittite is a fl sheep in the IE family, this one, which contrasts the phonetics of Hittite and its relatives, a morphology page with many examples in Hittite and a short description of the relationship between Hittite and Sanskrit.
		To give a quick idea of the importance of the language to Indo-European: around a hundred years ago linguists were beginning to postulate the existence of one or more "laryngeal" consonants to explain certain peculiarities of the early IE languages; then Hittite was found and deciphered, and lo and behold there were the laryngeals!
		The name "Hittite" was given to this language by modern scholars as being the official language of the Land of Hatti, and has been universally accepted; but it is strictly speaking incorrect.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/27330 (1193 words)

	Lycian Turkey - The Language of Ancient Lycia
		Their language was of Indo-European origin evidenced by its Indo-European cognates, which make about 20% in all Anatolian languages.
		The bilingual inscription known as the 'Xanthos Obelisk' and the 'Letoon Trilingual' Stele, were instrumental in beginning to decipher the unsolved puzzle of the Lycian language.
		The 'Letoon Trilingual' Stele dates to 358 BC and was the more important of the two important inscriptions in beginning to understand the Lycian language, a decree made to Pixodares, who was the satrap of Caria and Lycia and contains texts in Aramaic, Greek and Lycian.
	lycianturkey.com /lycian_language.htm (1699 words)

	Language Log
		Old Persian is the language of the royal inscriptions of the Achaemenid kings, such as the Behistun inscription of Darius, and is known to us almost exclusively from these inscriptions.
		Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky, claims that language families are a recent phenomenon, and cites linguists as authorities for this claim.
		Nineteenth-century linguists argued that languages evolved slowly, one by one.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog (6978 words)

	Hittite language
		Hittite language was introduced to Anatolia and northern Syria in the beginning of the 19th century BCE.
		Hittite language was an Indo-European language, but was soon exposed to influences from local languages.
		The sources to Hittite language occur in 2 variations, cuneiform and hieroglyphic.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/hittite_lang.htm (232 words)

	Who were Illyrians
		The principal language of the Italic group is Latin, originally the speech of the city of Rome and the ancestor of the modern Romance languages: Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, etc. The earliest Latin inscriptions apparently date from the 6th century BC, with literature beginning in the 3rd century.
		The Hittite language is known from the approximately 25,000 tablets or fragments of tablets preserved in the archives of Bogazköy-Hattusa, excavated by German archaeologists beginning in 1905.
		Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC.
	www.geocities.com /iliria1 (15583 words)

	The Hittites
		The first suggestion of the Hittites' presence in central Anatolia during the Middle Bronze Age is the occurrence in the Kültepe tablets of Indo-European personal names in the correspondence of the Assyrian merchants and local rulers of central Anatolia (the "Land of Hatti"), whose non-Indo-European language is known as Hattian (Khattian, Hattic, or Khattic).
		Thus it appears that the Hittites regarded their own history as beginning with a king called Labarnas (Labarnash); this inference is confirmed by the use in later times of his name and that of his wife Tawannannas as dynastic titles or throne names of subsequent rulers.
		This text is one of the first examples of the Hittite language written in cuneiform, and it is thought that Babylonian scribes had been imported into the capital for the purpose of devising a formula by which this could be done.
	history-world.org /hittites.htm (5137 words)

	Hittites I - ApologeticsWiki
		The language of the Hattusa tablets was eventually deciphered by a Czech linguist, Bedřich Hrozný (1879–1952), who on 24 November 1915 announced his results in a lecture at the Near Eastern Society of Berlin.
		They claim that the Hittites are mentioned in the Bible in a casual tone, and therefore Biblical scholars before the age of archaeology traditionally regarded them as a smaller tribe, living in the hills of Canaan during the era of the Patriarchs.
		Moreover, in the account of the conquest of Canaan, the Hittites are said to dwell "in the mountains" and "towards the north" of Canaan — a description that matches the general direction and geography of the original Hittite empire, who had been influential in the region prior to the Battle of Kadesh.
	www.apologeticswiki.com /index.php?title=Hittites_I (1662 words)

	Hittites - Crystalinks
		The history of the Hittite civilization is known mostly from cuneiform texts found in the area of their empire, and from diplomatic and commercial correspondence found in various archives in Egypt and the Middle East.
		The name "Hattic" is used by Anatolianists to distinguish this language from the Indo-European Hittite language, that appeared on the scene at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC and became the administrative language of the Hittite kingdom over the next six or seven centuries.
		Ironically, the language of the Lydians, spoken in the West of Asia Minor until the 1st century BC, was apparently a linguistic descendant of Hittite, and not Luwian.
	www.crystalinks.com /hittites.html (2810 words)

	Language Miniatures 104: The ancient Hittite language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This time our brief spotlight is on a language that seems to have disappeared from the face of the earth something like two and a half millennia ago.
		Some of the cuneiform tablets were in Akkadian, an ancient language already familiar to specialists, but most were in an unknown language.
		It is now firmly established that Hittite is genetically related to the Indo-European family of languages.
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/hittite.htm (812 words)

	Lycian language
		When the Hittite Empire was dissolved, different small kingdoms and countries took its place on vast lands of Anatolia.
		Hittite language turned into Lydian and Carian, Luwian-speaking peoples were called Lycians, Misians, Sydetians.
		Nasal vowels doubled the number of vowels in the language, and this number was about thrice more than in Luwian which had only 3 vowels.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/lycian.html (366 words)

	AllRefer.com - Anatolian languages (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		The Anatolian languages are the tongues of Indo-European-speaking invaders of Anatolia and became mixed to some extent with indigenous languages of the region.
		B.C., Hittite was written both in cuneiform (a system of writing taken over from Mesopotamia) and in hieroglyphics (a form of picture writing unrelated to the hieroglyphics of Egypt).
		Grammatical features common to Hittite, Luwian, and Palaic include: two genders, one of which combines masculine and feminine as a common gender and the other of which is neuter; two moods, indicative and imperative, the first of which has a present and a preterit tense; and two voices, active and middle.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/AnatolLan.html (585 words)

	Hittites. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		B.C. To the southwest, in the Taurus and Cilicia, were the Luites, relatives of the Hittites; to the southeast, in the Upper Euphrates, the Hurrians (Khurrites).
		In the country the Hittites then occupied, the aboriginal inhabitants were apparently the Khatti, or Hatti.
		There are several other languages meagerly represented in the Hittite archives: the so-called Luwian (similar to Hittite), and Khattian and Hurrian (both non–Indo-European and apparently unrelated to one another).
	www.bartleby.com /65/hi/Hittites.html (481 words)

	The Hittites - Origins of History - Care2.com
		Hittite culture was greatly influenced by contacts with the Babylonians.
		Tracy Z. August 12, 2005 1:41 PM Hittites seemed to have spoken a language from the Indo-European language family, which includes English, German, Greek, Latin, Persian, and the languages of India.
		Hittite tablets were excavated from the ruins of the ancient Hittite capital Hattusa located near the modern Turkish town of Boghazk?bout 210 kilometers east of Ankara.
	www.care2.com /c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=5429&pst=179865&archival=1 (741 words)

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