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	Hoa Hao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Hoa Hao is a new reformist millenarian Buddhist movement.
		Hoa Hao does not consider itself to be a new religion but the recovery of the pure Buddhism of Shakyamuni combined with elements of Confucianism and Taoism.
		Hoa Hao insignias are round and brown and contain the picture of a white lotus an the initials of the movement.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/seasia/hoahao.html (413 words)

	Hoa Hao
		Adherents consider So to be a Prophet, and Hoa Hao a continuation of a 19th century Buddhist ministry known as Buu Son Ky Huong ("Strange Perfume from Precious Mountains," referring to the That Son range on the Vietnam-Cambodia border).
		Hoa Hao claims approximately two million followers throughout Vietnam; in some provinces near its Delta birthplace, as many as 90 percent of the population practice this form of Buddhism.
		This was the end of the Hoa Hao as an armed group, some later joining the Viet Cong in opposition to the Diem regime.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ho/Hoa%20Hao.htm (703 words)

	Forum 18 Search/Archive
		However, Hoa Haos claim a membership as large as 3 million, while at least one Cao Dai representative outside Vietnam believes the government figure for his faith is too high as he reckons that Cao Dai membership is not as strong as it was in the pre-1975 period.
		A core component of Hoa Hao teachings is the "Four Debts of Gratitude", which stated that a key path to salvation lies in expressing gratitude to ancestors and parents; the country; the "Three Treasures" of Buddhism - Buddha, Buddhist doctrines, and the "sangha", or Buddhist priesthood; and to fellow human beings.
		Hoa Hao Buddhists contend that the government refuses to allow them to display publicly important religious symbols such as the Hoa Hao flag or to allow the publication of all the prophet's writings.
	www.forum18.org /Archive.php?article_id=378 (2591 words)

	Hoa Hao Summary
		The Hoa Hao received political and military support from the Japanese during their World War II occupation of Vietnam and then fought alongside French colonial forces against the Viet Minh after political negotiations between the Viet Minh and the French broke down in 1946.
		Hoa Hao (Chu Nom: 和好) is a Buddhist religious tradition founded in 1939 by Huynh Phu So, a native of the Mekong River Delta region of southern Vietnam.
		Adherents consider So to be a prophet, and Hoa Hao a continuation of a 19th century Buddhist ministry known as Buu Son Ky Huong ("Strange Perfume from Precious Mountains," referring to the That Son range on the Vietnam-Cambodia border).
	www.bookrags.com /Hoa_Hao (1138 words)

	International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Vietnam
		Hoa Hao is a largely privatistic faith, emphasizing private acts of worship and devotion, that does not have a priesthood and rejects many of the ceremonial aspects of mainstream Buddhism.
		Hoa Hao followers are concentrated in the Mekong Delta, particularly in provinces such as An Giang, where the Hoa Hao were dominant as a political and military as well as a religious force before 1975.
		Hoa Hao believers stated that a number of their leaders remained in detention at the end of the period covered by this report.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13916.htm (11993 words)

	Vietnam
		Hoa Hao, considered by some of its followers to be a "reform" branch of Buddhism, was founded in the southern part of the country in 1939.
		Hoa Hao is a largely privatistic faith that does not have a priesthood and rejects many of the ceremonial aspects of mainstream Buddhism.
		Hoa Hao believers stated that a number of church leaders of various unrecognized Hoa Hao groups remained in detention at the end of the period covered by this report.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5692.htm (9595 words)

	Viet Nam: Religious intolerance - recent arrests of Buddhists - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The Hoa Hao is a reformist Buddhist church established in the late 1930s in the Mekong Delta of southern Viet Nam.
		Senior Hoa Hao leaders and more than 100 of their followers, including members of the former South Vietnamese National Assembly, were reportedly sent for varying periods of ''re-education'' without trial, as were several hundreds of thousands of others associated with the former regime.
		The Hoa Hao group was represented by Le Quang Liem, who was a leader of one of the major Hoa Hao factions prior to 1975 and who is regarded by the overseas Hoa Hao groups as the church's leader.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGASA410012001?open&of=ENG-VNM (4820 words)

	UNHCR - Vietnam: The Hoa Hao religion: type, structure, leaders, number of members, and the treatment of members by the ...
		Le Quang Liem who was a leader of one of the major Hoa Hao factions prior to 1975 and who is regarded by the overseas Hoa Hao groups as the church's leader has explicitly renounced the use of violence by the church in a recent radio interview.
		The Vietnamese officials denied reports on the Hoa Hao's website that the wife of one of the defendants had tried to stab herself to death in protest at the detention of her husband.
		According to Hoa Hao officials at the scene, the demonstrators were led by an 81-year-old leader of the sect's outlawed pre-1975 body, Le Quang Liem, whose anti-authoritarian stance and demands for wider religious freedoms have angered Hanoi.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3df4bec514.html (1894 words)

	Vietnamese beliefs, vietnam religion, belief and religion in vietnam, religions in vietnam
		Hoa Hao is a Buddhist religious tradition founded in 1939 by Huynh Phu So, a native of the Mekong River Delta region of southern Vietnam.
		Hoa Hao claims approximately two million followers throughout Vietnam; in some provinces near its Delta birthplace, as many as 90 percent of the population practice this form of Buddhism.
		Hoa Hao also stresses the practice of Buddhism by lay people in the home, rather than focusing primarily on temple worship and ordination.
	www.hotelvietnamonline.com /culture/hoahao.htm (718 words)

	UNHCR - Vietnam: Information on the teachings of the Hoa Hao (Hoa Hoa) sect of Buddhism and treatment of its followers ...
		Hoa Hao Buddhism practices the teachings of Buddha, but also places a strong emphasis on the following principles: first, to respect and serve your parents and ancestors; second, to serve the country; third to have faith in the religion; fourth, to serve humanity.
		Hoa Hao members in An Giang province clashed several times with police, who reportedly blocked a pilgrimage to their prophet's birthplace, and detained and beat some adherents in December 1999.
		The Hoa Hao sect has several million adherents in Viet Nam and is officially recognized by the communist regime albeit suspiciously due to the sect's armed opposition to communism during the Viet Nam war.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3df4bec64.html (1379 words)

	The Religions of South Vietnam in Faith and Fact: X. Phat Giao Hoa Hao
		The HOA HAO Flag: Like the other religious bodies in Vietnam, the HOA HAO have a distinctive religious flag, rectangular in shape and solid maroon in color inasmuch as the HOA HAO believe that maroon is the combination of all colors and thus signifies unity of all people, regardless of race, color, or language.
		In spite of the reputation which the HOA HAO soldier has established, some observers believe that the average one is much the same as other Vietnamese servicemen; he may be either a poor, average or excellent fighter depending upon his background, his training and his personal motivation.
		To ascertain who the HOA HAO leader is may be difficult sometimes; but discreet observation normally reveals this in spite of the fact that the "front-man" is often only the agent of the individuals who control the funds.
	www.sacred-texts.com /asia/rsv/rsv13.htm (2958 words)

	WorldWide Religious News-VIETNAM: State interference in indigenous religions
		However, Hoa Haos claim a membership as large as 3 million, while at least one Cao Dai representative outside Vietnam believes the government figure for his faith is too high as he reckons that Cao Dai membership is not as strong as it was in the pre-1975 period.
		A core component of Hoa Hao teachings is the "Four Debts of Gratitude", which stated that a key path to salvation lies in expressing gratitude to ancestors and parents; the country; the "Three Treasures" of Buddhism - Buddha, Buddhist doctrines, and the "sangha", or Buddhist priesthood; and to fellow human beings.
		Hoa Hao Buddhists contend that the government refuses to allow them to display publicly important religious symbols such as the Hoa Hao flag or to allow the publication of all the prophet's writings.
	www.wwrn.org /article.php?idd=12519&sec=52&con=31 (2639 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: An Giang Province
		The Hoa (Vietnamese: Viet Hoa, Chu Nom/Chinese character: è¯, Mandarin: YuÃ¨nÃ¡n huÃ¡rÃ©n (è¶Šå—è¯äºº), Cantonese: yuet naam wah kiu (è¶Šå—è¯åƒ‘)) also referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Vietnamese Chinese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese from Vietnam, are a Chinese minority in Vietnam.
		Prophet HUYNH PHU SO, the founder of Hoa Hao Buddhism was born in 1919 at Hoa Hao village, in the south of Vietnamese province of Chau Doc, close to the Cambodian border.
		Thanh Hoa Province is a province in Vietnam.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/An-Giang-Province (1976 words)

	Vietnam
		Hoa Hao is largely a quietist faith, emphasizing private acts of worship and devotion; it does not have a priesthood and rejects many of the ceremonial aspects of mainstream Buddhism.
		In the spring of 2005, the Hoa Hao Administrative Council was expanded and renamed the Executive Committee of Hoa Hao Buddhism.
		Hoa Hao follower Nguyen Van Lia, who had been sentenced to 3 years' imprisonment in October 2003 after holding a commemoration of the disappearance of the Hoa Hao prophet, was amnestied in September 2004.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51535.htm (11856 words)

	VIETNAM, NEWS ANALYSIS, JULY 10, 1999
		But the Hoa Hao people, who always show good discipline, were wise enough to refrain from any spontaneous action that could have given Communist authorities good reasons to crush them.
		Hoa Hao, the most fervent anti-Communist group, is not organized as a church.
		Early this year, Hanoi staged a congress for Hoa Hao people to establish a Council of Managers whose leaders are pro-Communist or real Communists to run the sect religious affairs under the central party and government control.
	www.vietquoc.com /jul10-99.htm (962 words)

	Nhan Dan --- News
		The Hoa Hao Buddhist sect has joined with national religious circles in declaring the US State Department's report on religion in Vietnam to be brutal interference into a sovereign nation's internal affairs.
		He said Hoa Hao believers freely practise their belief in line with Prophet Huynh's teachings as well as the Hoa Hao Buddist Sangha charter passed by the Hoa Hao Buddism Congress on June 9, 2004.
		Over the past five years, the Hoa Hao Buddhist Sangha has printed 570,000 copies of the religion's bibles and opened 40 training courses on the Standard of Operation for almost 10,000 believers across the Mekong delta, he said.
	www.nhandan.com.vn /english/news/041204/hoahoa.htm (269 words)

	phatgiaohoahao
		Thus Hoa Hao Buddhism is not only a movement to restore the glorious past of Vietnam in the thirteenth to sixteenth century, but is an attempt to bring Buddhism up to date with the requirements of the twentieth century and beyond.
		The Hoa Hao Buddhist younger people should be wholeheartedly supported and rewarded, even symbolically, for all efforts which they make or propose to make, in relation to advancing the Hoa Hao Buddhist cause within the congregation or without it.
		Hoa Hao Buddhism was founded by Master So Phu Huynh in 18 May, the Year of the Cat, 1939, in the Hoa Hao Village, Tan Chau, Chau Doc, Vietnam.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~hoahao/FAQ.html (2774 words)

	Overseas Hoa Hao Buddhist Association Inc. - TEACHINGS
		Hoa Hao Buddhism is a "Buddhism of the people." Its concerns are for the common person who has a family, work everyday responsibilities.
		Hoa Hao Buddhism is a "pocket-book Buddhism" meant to be always carried with you.
		Hoa Hao Buddhism, a synthesis of the essences of the teaching of Buddha, Master Phat Thay Tay-An and the Venerable Master Huynh Phu So, humbly offers itself as harmonious living, and enlightenment for all peoples, from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds.
	www.pghh.org /teachings (733 words)

	Hoa Hao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Hoa Hao claims approximately two million followers throughout Vietnam; in some provinces near its Delta birthplace, as many as 90 percent of the population practice this tradition.
		In the Hoa Hao home, a plain brown cloth serves as an altar, at which the family prays morning and night.
		O.S.S. Colonel Edward Lansdale used bribery with CIA funds to split the Hoa Hao and in 1956 General Duong Van Minh crushed the Hoa Hao and had General Ba Cut beheaded in public.
	www.cheguevara.co.za /wiki/Hoa_Hao (953 words)

	Inaccurate Coverage Of Events Relating To The Hoa Hao Buddhist Church
		In late 1998, these silent Hoa Hao leaders made plan for a mass public event to observe the 60 anniversary of the foundation of their church, in defiance of the goverment' ban.
		Hoa Hao representatives overseas announced this plan to the world at the International Conference on Economic Development and Democracy in Vietnam and South East Asia, held in Bangkok, Thailand, on March 26-29, 1999.
		Undeterred, Hoa Hao leaders are currently mobilizing fellow believers to participate in a mass commemoration of the disappearance of Prophet Huynh Phu So, believed to have been abducted by the Communists in 1947.
	www.vnhrnet.org /english/documents/hh000306.htm (861 words)

	Suppression of Hoa Hao Buddhism in Vietnam
		Permission for the gathering came after Hoa Hao was finally given its official status in May. The authorities also appointed the 11-person so-called Hoa Hao Buddhism Representative Committee, which includes a number of communist party members, but excluded Le Quang Liem, the sect's chosen leader.
		On June 1, Hoa Hao leaders sent out thousands of letters calling for their members to gather to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of their indigenous sect on July 1 regardless of government restrictions.
		Vietnamese overseas have joined the protest of Hoa Hao Buddhists against state oppression by demonstrations before the Hanoi consulate in San Francisco on July 9, 1999, and by raising awareness of religious oppression in Vietnam with petitions to the United Nations and international organizations.
	www.fva.org /0799/story05.htm (613 words)

	Hoa Hao Buddhist Self-Immolate in Vietnam, Five More Detained
		The Hoa Hao Buddhist Church of Vietnam reported local authorities are cracking down on Hoa Hao Buddhists all over the Mekong Delta regions.
		As the Hoa Hao Buddhist community prepares for Le Vu Lan (comparable to Mother’s Day), the local authorities are increasing their policy of harassment and persecution of the Hoa Hao Buddhist faithfuls.
		The Hoa Hao Buddhist Church of Vietnam under the leadership of Mr.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2005/8/emw274637.htm (529 words)

	Đại Việt-daiviet.org
		The Hoa Hao is a reformist Buddhist church established in the late 1930s in the Mekong Delta of southern Viet Nam.
		Senior Hoa Hao leaders and more than 100 of their followers, including members of the former South Vietnamese National Assembly, were reportedly sent for varying periods of ''re-education'' without trial, as were several hundreds of thousands of others associated with the former regime.
		The Hoa Hao group was represented by Le Quang Liem, who was a leader of one of the major Hoa Hao factions prior to 1975 and who is regarded by the overseas Hoa Hao groups as the church's leader.
	www.daiviet.org /dvc.asp?action=dvdt&mdn=42&chude_id=11 (4828 words)

	Religion in Vietnam
		Therefore, although Hoa Hao Buddhism was founded in 1939, it is a continuation of the Buu Son Ky Huong established in 1849.
		The total number of Hoa Hao followers is estimated at over two million people representing more than one third the population of the Western Area, or 10 percent of the population of South Vietnam.
		All Hoa Hao Church’s efforts are concentrated on the achievement of two main objectives: first, to propagate Hoa Hao doctrine in and outside of the country; second, to carry out social work and come to the help of the poor.
	www.vietspring.org /religion/hoahao.html (2420 words)

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