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	Hoatzin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is an odd species of tropical bird which is found in the swamps associated with the Amazon and Orinoco rivers of South America.
		Hoatzins use bacterial fermentation in the front part of the gut to break down the vegetable material they consume, like cattle and other ruminants.
		Hoatzins are gregarious and nest in small colonies, laying 2-3 eggs in a stick nest in a tree overhanging water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hoatzin (408 words)

	Hoatzin References
		Ecology of the foliverous hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) on the Venezuelan plains.
		Evolutionary significance of foregut fermentation in the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin; Aves: Opisthocomidae).
		Adaptation of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) to folivory.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/g/m/gmw137/reference.html (319 words)

	AllRefer.com - hoatzin (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		In this respect the hoatzin is reminiscent of the extinct lizard-bird Archaeopteryx.
		Hoatzins are sometimes called reptile-birds because of their crocodilian odor and harsh, monotonous call.
		The hoatzin's specialized diet consists of certain marsh plants, including the mangrove, and the bird is thus restricted to the riverine forests centering around the Amazon Basin where it lives in small colonies of 10 to 50 birds.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hoatzin.html (381 words)

	Hoatzin family
		Hoatzins are very strange among birds, though, because they ferment this vegetable matter in their foregut like cows, sheep, deer and kangaroos, and thus have a specialized digestive system.
		Hoatzins forage in the early morning and early evening, and spend much of the time roosting quietly and digesting their meal.
		Hoatzins are poor fliers, and they put a lot of noisy effort into using their broad rusty wings to cross channels or move away from perceived danger (below).
	montereybay.com /creagrus/hoatzin.html (731 words)

	HBW. Family Pages: Family Texts (Sample Text) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, the evidence is equivocal, and the fact that the Hoatzin has the anisodactyl foot of most birds, with a single toe pointing backwards, rather than the zygodactyl foot of the cuckoos, with two toes that can be turned backwards, has been considered a major obstacle to this view.
		Anatomically, the Hoatzin's greatest peculiarity is its unique foregut, which is far larger than its stomach, and in which it processes great quantities of vegetable matter in the manner of a ruminant (see Food and Feeding).
		Hoatzins perch in a conventional manner, but much of the time is spent in sternal perching, resting on a sternal callous, while lengthy digestion takes place.
	www.hbw.com /hbw/tour/famil211.html (1473 words)

	ECOLOGY OF THE FOLIVOROUS HOATZIN (OPISTHOCOMUS HOAZIN) ON THE VENEZUELAN PLAINS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are at least two possibilities that may condition the dietary choices of the Hoatzin: (1) a crop microbiota with a biochemically wide spectrum that detoxifies different toxins from chemically and phylogenetically heteroge- neous trees; or (2) a crop microbiota limited in biochemical activities for detoxification of a chemically homogeneous group of trees.
		STRAHL, S.D. The behavior and socio-ecology of the Hoatzin, Opisthocomus hoazin in the Llanos of Venezuela.
		The Hoatzin nests on branches of trees over water courses, and the incubation of eggs for 30 to 31 days is performed by male and female breeders, and sometimes by nonbreeder helpers of the group (Strahl 1988, Vander Werf and Strahl 1990).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v111n03/p0643-p0651.html (5891 words)

	Hoatzin - Relic of Prehistory - Article by Adrian Warren
		It is a bird as strange and bizarre as its name, hoatzin, and has succeeded in foxing zoologists for years as to the origins of its odd characteristics.
		Tomas Blohm, a well known conservationist in Venezuela, told me that there were hoatzins on his ranch in the llanos, the flat prairie lands which fringe the Orinoco river, and he kindly suggested that I use the ranch house as a base for filming excursions.
		The hoatzins were to be found on the far side of the ranch in bushes along Canal Caracol, a winding tributary of the Rio,Guarico which flows southwards to swell the Orinoco.
	www.lastrefuge.co.uk /data/articles/hoatzin_p1.html (1519 words)

	Digimorph - Opisthocomus hoazin (Hoatzin)
		The geographic range of the hoatzin extends from northern to central South America along the Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Sibley and Ahlquist, 1973).
		One of the most distinctive characteristics of the hoatzin is the claw on the wing of the juvenile.
		Beebe, C. A contribution to the ecology of the adult hoatzin.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Opisthocomus_hoazin/whole (627 words)

	Hoatzin
		The hoatzin is one of the strangest living birds, and seems to be a link with birds that
		Hoatzin have a large, rubbery callous the size and shape of a human thumb
		Hoatzins live in a colony of 10 to 20 members.
	www.wildcam.com /guides/critter.jsp?animalid=132 (698 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Analogue to the rumen of Arthiodactyla, the crop of this bird is a fermentation chamber that allocates a microbial ecosystem of anaerobic bacteria and ciliate protozoa (Domínguez-Bello et al.
		The objective of the present study was to investigate the detoxification of Quillaja saponins by anaerobic cultures from the hoatzin crop.
		Ecology of the folivorous hoatzin (Ophisthocomus hoazin) on the venezuelan plain.
	cnrit.tamu.edu /conf/isnh/post-online/post0031 (1383 words)

	International Wildlife: Crazy like a hoatzin - Venezuelan bird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stuart was interested in two aspects of hoatzin life: their unusual dietary habits (and the peculiar and unique physiology associated with this diet) and their equally unusual cooperative lifestyle.
		When a hoatzin swallows a leaf, the food's first stop is the crop, where symbiotic bacteria break down the cell walls and make the nutritious cell contents available for digestion.
		This means the hoatzin is getting a double dip--nutrients freed up from the leaves by the bacteria's fermenting activity, and also nutrients from consumption of the bacteria themselves.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1170/is_n4_v27/ai_19541772 (1489 words)

	QUIZ--Question 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hoatzins build their nests in vegetation overhanging quiet water.
		When disturbed, nestling Hoatzins leap into the water below, swim away, and when danger is gone, use their wing claws to climb back into the vegetation and return to their nest.
		Young Hoatzins lose their wing claws when they attain adulthood.
	birds.cornell.edu /homestudy/QUIZ_Q1.html (111 words)

	Untitled Document
		Hoatzins, a colorful rainforest bird species, are popular among bird enthusiasts for their vibrant plumage.
		The hoatzin is a territorial bird, living in small groups or pairs and defending a territory approximate 5,000-8,000 m 2, with 3-7 individuals occupying every square km.
		Hoatzin chicks in the tourist-exposed nests had a hormonal reaction twice that of undisturbed nests.
	www.biology.duke.edu /bio217/2005/cmp8/wildlife.html (2751 words)

	Lago Preto - Hoatzin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is the only known avian folivore to use fore-gut fermentation in digestion.
		I investigated the implications of this strategy on the behaviour and ecology of a group of Hoatzins in the Lago Preto region of Peru.
		The Hoatzins favoured flying short distances or climbing through the vegetation and were observed in a small range.
	www.kent.ac.uk /anthropology/dice/lagopreto/pages/hoatzin.html (182 words)

	Hoatzin Uniqueness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The hoatzin is the world's only known avian foregut fermenter, and it's full crop can weigh up to 17.7% of its own body weight.
		Hoatzin young, as mentioned in the Introduction, are hatched with four claws: two on each wing.
		When the birds mature, the claws are shed, though the adult still clambers around branches in the high trees, almost clumsily, as if the claws are still present.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/g/m/gmw137/uniqueness.html (247 words)

	Biodiversity-Hoatzin
		Hoatzins inhabit the lowlands of the Amazonian Basin.
		Baby Hoatzins have claws on the end of each wingtip that serve as a means for climbing tree branches to get back into the nest when they fall.
		Hoatzins are considered distasteful by local peoples and thus over-hunting has not been a problem.
	www.saveamericasforests.org /Yasuni/Biodiversity/Hoatzin.html (498 words)

	hoatzin on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		HOATZIN [hoatzin] [Aztec], common name for a peculiar marsh bird, Opisthocomus hoatzin.
		Both sexes participate in the building of loosely entwined stick nests, 5 to 20 ft (1.5-6.1 m) over the water, in the forks of riverbank trees.
		Young hoatzin are unusual in that they leave their nests in the trees soon after hatching and clamber about using two hooked claws at
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/h1/hoatzin.asp (614 words)

	hoatzin -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The hoatzin is the only bird with a digestive system that ferments vegetation as a cow does, which enables it...
		Young gallinaceous birds (except those of the hoatzin) are extremely precocious, walking and feeding within a few hours of hatching.
		Cracids, the hoatzin, and the horned pheasant (Tragopan) build nests in trees, those of the cracids being relatively small for the size of the birds.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9040651 (392 words)

	Hoatzins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1989, Grajal discovered that hoatzins had foreguts--the equivalent of a second stomach--that presumably enabled them to extract more nutrients from plants, as cows and other ruminants do.
		He measured the weight difference between what the birds consumed and what they defecated to see how much of their food they were digesting.
		Furthermore, hoatzins can eat plants containing toxic compounds, like alkaloids, that are supposed to ward off plant eaters.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /hoatzin.htm (379 words)

	Hoatzin 2
		With the top of his cranium and his long neck of bristling hair, his red eyes, his hairless fluorescent blue face, and his massive body, the hoatzin stays perched long hours, crouched in the thick vegetation.
		Under muscled because of the enormous space taken by the digestive system (25% of his weight!), the longest distance flown, without a stop, is…350 meters, which makes him the most spatially confined bird on the planet.
		Here is another important detail: during their early development, the young Hoatzins grow two claws at the joint of each wing.
	www.ushuaia.com /anglais_version/emission6/sciences/a2.htm (151 words)

	The Bird That Smells Like Cow Manure
		The hoatzin clambers around the jungle foliage using functional claws on its wings.
		In fact, the hoatzin is the only bird that has evolved this useful capability.
		Grajal et al remark on all the advantages that foregut fermentation confer on the hoatzin and how remarkable it is that this digestive process can be accomplished in such a small volume (cows have huge stomachs).
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf066/sf066b06.htm (288 words)

	Hoatzin1
		Puzzling and contentious problem exists for the specialists, such as: nobody knows neither the order, nor the family or can even establish their origin apart from the fact that they may have existed for approximately 18 million years.
		Folivorous (leaf eater), he is the only bird species whose digestion uses a microbial fermentation process.
		The hoatzin in real video for modem 28 and modem 56.
	www.ushuaia.com /anglais_version/emission6/sciences/a1.htm (164 words)

	InfoHub Forums - Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A prehistoric looking bird with a punk haircut, there is considerable debate about which birds are most closely related to the Hoatzin.
		When threatened, they fall out of the nest, which is usually over water, and when the danger is passed they use their wing-hooks to help them climb back into the nest.
		The Hoatzin is found in both the Amazon and the Orinoco basins of South America and is usually in fairly large groups.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=1931 (181 words)

	MavicaNET - Hoatzins (Opisthocomidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hoatzin, one of the strangest living birds, seems to be a link with the first known bird, Archaeopteryx, that became extinct millions of years ago -Article by a film maker Adrian Warren.
		Hoatzin, is an unusual-looking bird that lives in marshy areas near waterways in the northern part of South America.
		Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) - some photos and notes.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/ita/22488.html (201 words)

	Hoatzin in Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Among the stranger denizens of the Amazon are hoatzin.
		They only nest near lakes, and the young birds have claws on their wing bones, allowing them to crawl up tree trunks.
		Of course, no one told them about the caiman lurking in the tepid lakewater...
	www.azenk.org /peru/wildlife/hoatzin.htm (82 words)

	Hoatzin
		Each nest contains two (occasionally three) creamy oblong eggs spotted with pink, blue or brown.
		Newly-hatched hoatzins almost featherless, but rapidly grow down, and have claws on first and second digits, so they can climb on vegetation.
		When endangered, they drop into the water, using claws, bills and feet to climb out (they may not return to nest).
	www.rainforestconservation.org /data_sheets/birds/hoatzin.html (391 words)

	Hoatzin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		My bird has this kind of beak: scissor sharp beak.
		Here are some other interesting facts about my bird: The nickname of the hoatzin in the reptile bird.
		A baby hoatzin can swim but an adult can not.
	school.gorge.net /hrcsd/westside/2rohoatzinnathan.htm (59 words)

	Amazon Animals birds - hoatzin photo
		Click on the image to return to the gallery
		The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is one of the Amazon's weirdest birds and rather shy (as you can tell from the photo!), except in breeding season.
		It has a punk hair-do, and a bright blue face.
	www.junglephotos.com /amazon/amanimals/ambirds/hoatzin.shtml (69 words)

	Hoatzin - Opisthocomus hoazin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Click here to go to the forums home page and find out more.
		Click here to view more images of the Hoatzin
		Search the gallery for photos of the Hoatzin
	www.birdforum.net /bird_view.php?bid=4078 (504 words)

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