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Topic: Hohenstaufen Emperors

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	Hohenstaufen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick and Conrad, the two current male Staufens, were grandsons of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and nephews of Henry V. After the death of the intervening king and emperor Lothair II, in 1137, Conrad became Conrad III of Germany.
		Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Frederick III of Swabia)(r.
		Hohenstaufen kings ruled in Sicily from 1194 till Manfred of Sicily was killed in the Battle of Benevento in 1266.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hohenstaufen (1190 words)

	Kyffhauser - LoveToKnow Watches
		The latter, built probably in the loth century, was frequently the residence of the Hohenstaufen emperors, and was finally destroyed in the 16th century.
		The hill is surmounted by an imposing monument to the emperor William I., the equestrian statue of the emperor being 31 ft.
		According to an old and popular legend, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa sits asleep beside a marble table in the interior of the mountain, surrounded by his knights, awaiting the destined day when he shall awaken and lead the united peoples of Germany against her enemies, and so inaugurate an era of unexampled glory.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Kyffhauser (336 words)

	Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Conrad III came to the throne in 1138, being the first of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, which was about to restore the glory of the Empire even under the new conditions of the 1122 Concordat of Worms.
		The Habsburg emperors relied more on their role as Austrian archdukes than as emperors when challenged by Prussia, portions of which were part of the Empire.
		In fact, the Habsburg Emperors of Austria, however nostalgically and sentimentally, considered themselves, as the lawful heirs of the Holy Roman monarchs, to be themselves the final continuation of the Holy Roman Imperial line, their dynasty dying out with the ousting of Karl I in 1918 (reigned 1916-1918).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire (5691 words)

	Holy Roman Emperors
		The Holy Roman Empire was the designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II.
		Not every German king became emperor, however, because the popes, especially when elections to the kingships were disputed, often claimed that the selection of the emperor was their prerogative.
		Some countries (e.g., Hungary) were ruled by the emperor or imperial prince but were outside the empire, while others (e.g., Flanders, Pomerania, Schleswig, and Holstein) were part of the empire but were ruled by foreign princes who held their lands in fief from the emperor and took part in the imperial diet.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/family/1155/holyroma.htm (2859 words)

	Hohenstaufen: Definition and Much More From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hohenstaufen (hō'ənshtou'fən), German princely family, whose name is derived from the castle of Staufen built in 1077 by a Swabian count, Frederick.
		The line of German kings and Holy Roman emperors began (1138) with Frederick's son Conrad III, who was succeeded by Frederick I, Henry VI, and Philip of Swabia.
		The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia.
	www.sd9.us /index.php/d3d3LmFuc3dlcnMuY29tL3RvcGljL2hvaGVuc3RhdWZlbg== (1511 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Twenty-one (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Conrad III Hohenstaufen (1138-1152) was elected because of a reaction against the overwhelming power Henry the Proud had developed.
		Early in the thirteenth century the Italian towns of Lombardy and northern Italy were involved in a bloody life and death struggle with the Emperor Frederick, who succeeded in defeating their concerted defense efforts even though bolstered by help from the Papacy.
		Finally, with the death of the last Hohenstaufen to hold the imperial title, Conrad IV (1250-1254) the family was completely deposed from legitimate authority anywhere.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e21.html (2167 words)

	HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
		At issue was the question whether political figures, such as emperors and kings, had the right to appoint bishops and heads of monasteries and to invest them with the symbols of their office.
		The era of the Hohenstaufen emperors (1138-1254, except for the years 1198-1214) was a time of almost unceasing conflict between popes and emperors (see Hohenstaufen Dynasty).
		Lawyers for the emperors argued against the popes, saying that "he who is chosen by the election of the princes alone is the true emperor." (The emperors were generally chosen by this time through an election held by German princes.)
	www.geocities.com /book433/holyroman.htm (1780 words)

	The Ultimate Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		Lothair II of Supplinburg (1075–1137), was the Duke of Saxony (1106), King of Germany (1125), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137.
		During his reign, a succession dispute broke out between the houses of Welf and Hohenstaufen, the latter which was led by Frederick II and his brother Duke Conrad of Franconia.
		King Eric II of Denmark was made a vassal of the emperor in 1135, becoming a member of the Reichstag.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Lothar_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1191 words)

	THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The later Hohenstaufen emperors gained control of the Norman kingdom in southern Italy and declared it a fief of the popes, who nevertheless worried about their independence and often supported the emperors' Lombard foes.
		The emperors were unable to restrain the German nobles or to resist French encroachments on the western frontiers of the empire, and the Slavic rulers in the east rejected all imperial overlordship.
		His great-grandson, the Emperor Charles V (1500-1558) united in his person the Imperial Crown, the hugely wealthy Duchies of Burgundy and Brabant, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily and the Crown of Spain.
	www.sdnl.nl /shimura/holyroman.html (3501 words)

	Emperor Frederick II - Best of Sicily Magazine
		In common with Rome, Vienna and Aachen, Palermo is the eternal host of the tombs of Holy Roman Emperors --the Hohenstaufen Henry VI and his son Frederick II.
		Of course Goethe and Wagner also sojourned in the Sicilian capital, but for the Swabian von Hohenstaufen family Palermo was something more than a mere (though fascinating) stopover point but rather an important seat of government, source of wealth and loyal base of operations for their imperial ambitions.
		The details of the international intrigue and conflicts that engulfed Western Europe and Frederick II in the early decades of the thirteenth century may be left to biographers and scholars.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art57.htm (1413 words)

	Frederick II (1215 - 1250)\| Lectures in Medieval History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When the Emperor Henry VII Hohenstaufen died in 1197, he was survived by his widow and young son, Frederick.
		Previous emperors of the family had attempted to establish a central power in Germany and to take control of the nominally imperial cities of the North of Italy.
		The papacy continued to work against the Hohenstaufens, and the family was eventually destroyed, with its last member, a young lad, being publicly beheaded in the public square of Salerno.
	www.ku.edu /kansas/medieval/108/lectures/frederick_ii.html (2282 words)

	The Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The churchmen who crowned the emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the church's secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy.
		The first age, from 962 to 1250, was dominated by the strong emperors of the Saxon, Salian (or Franconian), and Hohenstaufen dynasties.
		The Habsburg FrederickIII was the last emperor to be crowned in Rome; his great-grandson Charles V was the last to be crowned by a pope.
	www.serendipity.li /twz/hre.html (1519 words)

	Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation - History - German Archive: The medieval empire - since 1448 officially called ...
		Under the reign of the Ottonian emperors (919-1024), the Holy Roman Empire absorbed the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria.
		Under the Hohenstaufen emperors (1138-1254) the German princes were increasing their influence further east.
		During the long stays of the Hohenstaufen emperors (1138-1254) in Italy, the German princes became stronger and began a successful, mostly peaceful colonisation of West Slavic lands, so that the empire's influence increased to eventually include Pomerania and Silesia.
	germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=465&... (3365 words)

	Mainz Online: Cathedral
		A crucifix from the period of the Hohenstaufen Emperors is preserved in this chapel.
		In 1778/79 Ignaz Michael Neumann, the son of the famous baroque architect Balthasar Neumann, built the cathedral houses on the burial grounds.
		It was also Colmar who convinced the French Emperor not to demolish the cathedral after the secularisation of 1803.
	mainz.de /WGAPublisher/online/html/drucklayout/mkuz-5v9eue.en.html?... (1116 words)

	International Cell Phones, Germany Cell Phone Rentals - World Cellular Rentals
		Under the reign of the Ottonian emperors (919-1024) the kingdom of the Eastern Franks did not only finally become Germany since the unification of the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria in a common empire was concluded.
		After the Great Interregnum (1256-1273), a period of anarchy in which there was no emperor and German princes vied for individual advantage, followed the death of the last Hohenstaufen king in 1254, princes of miscellaneous Houses were elected emperor and strongly relied on the lands of their own family.
		The emperor's foreign policy was opposed to that of Bismarck, who had established a system of alliances in the era called Gründerzeit, securing Germany's position as a great nation and avoiding war for decades.
	www.worldcr.com /germany_culture_1.htm (2464 words)

	A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation : L.9, C.6.
		The terrible conflict of the papacy with the Hohenstaufen emperors, for all the demands it made on the attention of the popes, was not the only, nor the most important, business o f the generations that witnessed it.
		Not the victory of popes over emperors, not the preservation of the sacerdotium from the regnum, but the victory of Catholicism over Averroism was perhaps the most signal achievement of all this famous thirteenth century.
		Thomas Aquinas was born in 1225 at the castle of Roccasecca, a fortress of the Terra Laboris, half-way between Rome and Naples.
	www.franciscan-sfo.org /ap/hu/hb9-6.htm (7988 words)

	A SURVEY OF RENAISSANCE EUROPE
		The failure of the Ottonian and Hohenstaufen emperors to erect a powerful and centralized state doomed "Germany" to be nothing more than a geographical term well into modern times.
		By the end of the era they were Emperor, King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Bohemia, King of Naples and Sicily, Duke of Burgundy, Duke of Milan, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Tyrol, Duke of Carinthia, and overlord of vast lands in the New World.
		The princes chased the Emperor from Germany, defeated a subordinate commander (left by Charles when he left the Empire for the last time) and restored peace through their own efforts with the signing of the Treaty of Passau.
	www.stormypetrel.org /aubrey/arps5ger.html (3095 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Emperors
		The first book in English devoted to the German king and emperor Henry IV (1056-1106), whose reign was one of the most momentous in German history.
		Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War by James Tracy.
		Renaissance Monarchy by Glenn Richardson is a comparative study of King Henry VIII, King Francis I, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The World of Emperor Charles V edited by W. Blockmans and Nicolette Mout.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/HolyRomanEmpire.html (1295 words)

	Roman Emperor... - SUNFLOWERS Community Boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In theory emperors wanted to be universal head of christians, but after long fight against popes they were becoming weaker and imperial power was more and more divided - first to the Electors (king of Bohemia, arcibishops of Cologne, Mainz and Trier, duke of -upper-Saxony, marchgrave of Brandenburg and "palatine" of Pfalz).
		Emperor of the HRE was vassal of France:)
		The emperor was official ruler of the HRE, but as he wanted to rule over Italy, he was becomig waeker and waeker untill the house of Habsburg became kings of Spain and then most powerful kings of Europe in 16th century.
	forum.sunflowers.de /showthread.php?t=285 (2363 words)

	Feriendorf Eichwald Vacation Houses Rental in Germany - Palatinate - Rheinland-Pfalz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Built by the Hohenstaufen emperors in the 12th century.
		In the 12th and 13th centuries, the castle was in the possession of the Salic and Hohenstaufen emperors who kept the imperial insignia here.
		The clearly bonded masonry in massive rustic-work is typical for castles built at the time of the Hohenstaufen emperors.
	www.eichwald.de /englisch/alletexteengl.html (1288 words)

	Schwäbisch Gmünd - The Oldest Staufer Town - Älteste Stauferstadt
		There is a wonderful view of the entire Rems Valley especially from the Hohenstaufen, where the ruins of the ancestral castle is a reminder of the period of the Staufer Emperors.
		The mighty construction of the basilica from the time of the Staufer Emperors exhibits the importance of Schwäbisch Gmünd during the high Middle Ages and still characterizes the city centre today.
		At the far end of the square the St. John's Church, a p liar basilica from the Period of the Staufer Emperors, breaks lip the otherwise unified series of facades.
	www.weller.to /rub/gmuend/gmuend.htm (1354 words)

	The Alsace History - Alsace On Line, France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After the death of this first Great European Emperor, his sons dismantled his large Empire : first it was Lothaire who inherited the region but Louis the German temporarily snatched Alsace away from his brother.
		The twelfth and thirteenth centuries were the golden age of Alsace under the Hohenstaufen Emperors, one of whom, Frederick the first (Barbarossa), claimed Alsace to be “the dearest of our family possessions”.
		Their sword do” was the Emperor answer to his officers poking fun at alsatian soldiers.
	www.visit-alsace.com /librairie/index.html (1994 words)

	The Holy Roman Empire
		Under the Saxon emperors, the Holy Roman Empire was a powerful combination of territories, each with a separate ruler.
		By the 1300's, the emperors were almost powerless.
		But often the emperor could not force them to do what he wanted.
	www.cybergerman.addr.com /roman.html (204 words)

	Holy_Roman_Empire - Encyclopedia online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Holy Roman Empire was an attempt to resurrect the Western Roman Empire in western Europe, which was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades.
		As opposed to the rulers of the West Frankish lands, which later became France, the Emperor never managed to gain much control over the lands that he formally owned.
		Instead, the Emperor was forced to grant more and more powers to the individual dukes in their respective territories.
	en.lorefans.com /article_Holy_Roman_Empire (4645 words)

	Hohenstaufen info here at en.beatout.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Frederick II Hohenstaufen wants bureaucrats, and wants them enough to do something about it--including an early student loan program, and dire threats against either students or professors who go out-of-state:...
		C'era una volta ec'Ã¨ ancora La principessa Yasmin von Hohenstaufen Anjou Plantagenet minaccia di inviare...
		La signora Hohenstaufen ha diffuso una decisione presa in data 6 giugno 2006...
	en.beatout.info /8-months-old-baby/Hohenstaufen (79 words)

	engl1.htm
		Moreover the GZG presents the project "The medieval Rome" by the means of an excursion with the main points Lateran, S.Peter, Engelsburg, SS.
		The main land of the Staufer round the Hohenstaufen; this can also be divided into handy pieces, e.g.
		The Kaiserpfalz (tr.: Emperor´s Palatinate) of Wimpfen; role of the Palatinates for the king- dom´s administration
	www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de /staufer/engl1.htm (1113 words)

	History 332: German History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Germanic chieftain, overthrows Odoacer, declares himself to be the new “roman emperor”
		HENRY I (“THE FOWLER”) OF SAXONY claims to be Charlemagne’s heir and “Holy Roman Emperor”
		Legend of Empire to Empire (Theodoric/Dietrich – Charlemagne – Frederick Barbarossa – Frederick II Hohenstaufen – Martin Luther – Charles V – Maria Theresa and Frederick II (the Great) – Bismarck).
	campus.queens.edu /depts/history/Syllabi/H332/30aug.04.htm (559 words)

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