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	The Unknown Taiwan - People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Between the 14th and 17th centuries, Hoklo emigrants left China despite an imperial decree forbidding overseas travel The trickle of Chinese immigrants in Taiwan increased rapidly in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		Often, the Hoklo residents of Taiwan are called "native Taiwanese," though this term is also used to designate anyone whose family arrived in Taiwan before 1949.
		Hoklo settlers had already taken most of the best land on the plains, and viewed the new arrivals as intruders.
	www.cwcmf.org /Taiwan/html/chap2_people.html (742 words)

	chu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Immunoglobulin studies show that Hakka and Hoklo populations in China are closely related to the southern minorities of China.
		Based on the gene frequency of immunoglobulin haplotypes, it is estimated that 20-25% of the genes of current Hakka or Hoklo populations in China originated from northern Han and 75-80% from southern groups of China.
		In short, it is highly unlikely that Hakka and Hoklo populations in Taiwan and China are descendants of migrants of northern Chinese.
	www.siue.edu /EASTASIA/chu_032700.htm (293 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Hoklo people
		Hoklo refers to people having ancestry from the southern part of Fujian Province in mainland China.
		Most Hoklos trace their paternal ancestry to men who migrated to Taiwan from Fujian in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		At present, most Hoklos in Taiwan are uncertain as to what ancestry they share with the Taiwanese aborigines, due to undocumented intermarriages between the Hoklo people and Taiwanese lowland aborigines.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Hoklo_(ethnic_group) (342 words)

	languagehat.com: GLOSSIKA.
		Monolingual policy by the KMT suppressed Hoklo, Hakka and the Austronesian languages, and there were only a small group of expatriats and dissidents who promoted Hoklo as a unique language.
		I personally prefer Hoklo because it is more narrow in focus, and doesn't refer to all the languages spoken south of the Min River, some of which are mutually unintelligable.
		Hoklo is the native language of over 70% of Taiwanese people, and is also spoken in Southern Fujien (Min-nan), Eastern Canton and Singapore.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001022.php (3242 words)

	[No title]
		The Hakka probably account for another 15 percent of Taiwan's population, and their relations with the Hoklo have always been fraught: communal fighting over land ownership was endemic between the two groups until the Japanese takeover of Taiwan in 1895.
		However, in its early years the DPP often appeared to be a party of chauvinistic Hoklo nationalism, so minority fears, such as those of the Hakka and the mainlanders, are not without foundation, nor are they manufactured by the pan-blues.
		This is partly because they too are a minority fearful of Hoklo chauvinism, and their history gives them ample reason to be.
	taiwansecurity.org /News/2004/AT-030304.htm (2095 words)

	Taiwanese Language & Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Hoklo (pronounced Holo) is the root of Taiwanese, and was not spoken by a people who were genetically Chinese.
		However, the people who spoke Hoklo, a language without writing, are believed to have, for the most part, come from what is today Fujian province in southeastern China.
		In addition to Taiwanese, evidence of Hoklo can be found in Malay, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese, Cantonese, Hakka, Tagalog, Hawaiian, and certain Indian, Polynesian, and even Formosan aborigine languages, just to mention a few.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~taioanoe/culture.htm (487 words)

	Background One
		From the end of the 18th century Hoklo settlers from Fujian Province in China began arriving on the shores of Taiwan in greater numbers.
		However the Atayal resisted all attempts of assimilation and remained untrusting of the Hoklo and Hakka settlers.
		The well-disciplined Japanese troops arrived in the north of Taiwan on 29 May 1895 to be met by disaffected Ching loyalists, disenchanted warlords and the self-proclaimed troops of the Republic of Taiwan.
	takaoclub.com /monaludao/background.htm (494 words)

	Asian American Attitudes toward Height \| Asian American Poll \| GoldSea
		Hakka and Hoklo are spoken in the East, Southeast and Northeast Areas.
		It is true that Hoklos are a group of people that originated from the Fujian province.
		Hoklos from the Kwangtung Province (Cantonese) such as the Chaozhous and others are very different from the Taiwanese in both culture and language.
	goldsea.com /Poll/Height/height_20225.html (816 words)

	TAIWANESE CULTURAL FESTIVAL - Centennial Music of Taiwan
		Before the Han Chinese pioneers, namely the Hoklo and Hakka people, came to settle on Taiwan in large numbers in the 17th century, the Malay-Polynesian tribes had already been in Taiwan for centuries.
		Today, the Hoklo account for about 70% of the population, and their language is often referred to as Taiwanese.
		Many of the Hoklo and Hakka settlers intermarried with the non-Chinese aborigines, but only about 2% of the population are considered "pure aborigines".
	www.tccs.ca /tcfeg/html/etwmusic.htm (561 words)

	Hoklo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hoklo ethnic-cultural group originated in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
		Fuk Lo Tsun Road (福佬村道), a street in Kowloon City, Hong Kong (literally, "Hoklo Village Road").
		A dialect in the Minnan language group, primarily used in Taiwan and called Holo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hoklo (216 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome amongst the ...
		The population of Taiwan area were composed of Taiwnanese Hoklo (or Minnan), Taiwanese Hakka (or Haka), immigrant Chinese mainlanders, and aborigines [17,18].
		We focus our study on the Taiwanese Hoklo and Hakka subjects, because that the genotypes of the immigrated Chinese mainlanders were greatly diversed and the aborigines as Malayo-Polynesians were even more different from Han Chinese people [17,18].
		Nevertheless, Taiwanese Hoklo and Hakka individuals, which comprised the majority of Taiwanese before the immigration of mainlanders, are closely related to southern Han Chinese people who appear to inherit haplotypes from both Han Chinese and Yueh individuals, making them genetically somewhat different from the northern Han Chinese and original Han Chinese people [17].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2350/7/36 (4644 words)

	History of Macau
		They were able to defend their settlements and establish themselves there.
		The Hoklo Boat[?] people were the first to show commercial interest in Macau as a trading center for the southern provinces.
		Macau did not develop as a major settlement until the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Macau.html (620 words)

	National Identity and Foreign Policy: Taiwan’s Attitudes toward China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Since Hoklo and Hakka were degraded as “dialects” and thus proscribed in the public sphere, as history had repeated, those Native students who spoke their mother tongues in schools would be punished or fined in tokens.
		Nonetheless, both Hoklo and Hakka persisted in native-run schools, and Han-wen courses (Han language or literature) had been offered in public schools until the 1930s.
		The author was invited by the TSU to testify on this issue at a hearing held on March 19, 2002.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/shih.html (6175 words)

	Discussions, Comments China the Beautiful -April 99
		Hoklo and other dialects may not be the most ancient one.
		In Hoklo, ´Á is pronounced "Ki" and ¨à is pronounced "Ji".
		Hoklo (southern Fujan) is the only one that still has 8 tones.
	www.chinapage.com /archive/guestread-99-4a.html (12842 words)

	Yuet People - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Even though modern Hoklo and Hakka are doubtlessly classified as Han Chinese languages today, the presence of substratum words of ancient Yuet origin is an undeniable proof that the Han Chinese language was a later import into these ethnicities.
		Hard to believe at first, but it is true: Hoklo and Hakka do have ancient cognate words shared by languages half-way around the globe.
		It is not surprising that these Hakka or Hoklo words do not have Chinese character representation, no matter how hard some scholars dig into ancient Chinese dictionaries.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=5901 (915 words)

	My Experience in the February 28 Incident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		If answers were given in Hoklo, the passengers were allowed to leave.
		This brief experience of a 15-year-old boy certainly is of no help to anybody who tries to track down the real chief culprit of the massacre in the February 28 Incident of 1947.
		One thing I want to tell those fellow Hoklo of mine who hold Chiang Kai-shek personally responsible for the massacre is that Taiwanese are not hateful and vengeful people.
	www.npf.org.tw /PUBLICATION/NS/095/NS-C-095-065.htm (967 words)

	20040811
		They turned out to be additions by the professor who made the questions and had not been approved by the Examination Yuan, let alone the ruling party.
		Yet most Hoklo speakers supported the promotion of not only their own dialect but also the native languages of other ethnic groups.
		The pan-blue camp's resistance to the exam questions in fact stimulated the Hoklo speakers to unite and work together.
	taiwantt.org.tw /taipeitimes/2004/08/20040811.htm (1083 words)

	新網頁4
		However, as Hakka people from Chang Chou lived together with Hoklo back home, and had close relations, their culture became assimilated with Hoklo over the last few hundred years, with the Chang Chou Hakka dialect become subsumed gradually.
		This is because of changes to social structures, the effects of the media, and marriages between the main families with Hoklo, which has made Hoklo the mother-tongue of the subsequent generation.
		In 1998, as a result of a perception that candidates in the prior year's county and city mayoral elections lacked clear cultural agendas, members of the organization put forth the "old village / the new hometown / cultural declarations" inviting support from candidates, with former Council of Cultural Affairs vice-chairman Chen Chi-Nan as the witness.
	www.ihakka.net /hakka2002/hakka200208/topic01_e.htm (1666 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Last year, the Hoklo language craze reached Europe, where France's Universite de Lyon III added a Hoklo language program to its Chinese department, making it the first European university to offer such a program.
		And he believes that the best way of doing this is through learning Hoklo, as the dialogue in many of the Taiwanese films the French students watch takes place in that language.
		By taking advantage of this wave of interest to initiate active exchanges with European universities and build a good impression of Taiwan in the eyes of young Europeans, the nation will be able to connect with the international community.
	www.ncu.edu.tw /~fr/news.php?news=401 (437 words)

	The China Desk - The Beginning of the End, Part II: The Hsu Wen-long Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		In 1999 the Hoklo fascists in control of the DPP labeled the trio "race traitors" for reconciling with the predominantly "mainlander" New Party.
		They were followed by a younger generation of disillusioned idealists such as DPP National Assemblywoman Cheng Li-wen, who is now Deputy Director of Public Relations for the KMT (You read that right.), and Li Yung-ping, who is now a legislator for the PFP.
		But now that a dyed in the wool Hoklo chauvinist such as Hsu Wen-long, a major benefactor to their cause has turned his back on them, Taiwan independence holdouts are desperately wringing their hands wondering why.
	thechinadesk.tripod.com /beginning_of_the_end_part_ii.htm (1074 words)

	Amazon.com: "Hoklo Taiwanese": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Is Taiwan Chinese?: The Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities (Interdisciplinary Studies of China, 2) by Melissa Brown
		Plains Aborigines "disappear" from the historical record, therefore, because they became included in the "Hoklo Taiwanese" category.
		tang-wai group in the first half of the 1980s was mobilizing support for their challenge to KMT rule from the Hoklo Taiwanese.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Hoklo-Taiwanese (278 words)

	FAQ about Taiwan
		A: While the number of political prisoners is much smaller than it was just a few years ago, the government continues to jail non-violent dissidents, especially those who advocate independence(i.e., Taiwan's permanent separation from China) or criticize the military.
		A: Most of people(nearly 70%) who now live on the island are descended form immigrants from China's Fukien Province, and are called Hoklo.
		Excluding the China-born inhabitants, all of these people can be called Taiwanese, although the word is also sometimes used to refer to the Hoklo people alone.
	cwis.usc.edu /dept/TSA/faq.html (888 words)

	Konrad's Holo Taiwanese Page
		The Taiwanese were descended from Hoklo settlers, Hakka settlers, and aboriginals.
		In fact, many are not even familiar with the term "Hoklo": a term used by their ancestors to refer to themselves.
		The history of the Hoklo people may be blurry, but the existence of a linguistic group serves to indicate that this is an identifiable ethnicity, with a common past that is now simply forgotten."
	wam.umd.edu /~konrad/taiwan/holo/holo.html (417 words)

	Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
		When using the term "native Taiwanese" or "Taiwanese," I am referring to the people who came to Taiwan prior to 1945: the Hoklo, from the Chinese province of Fukien, and the Hakka, from Kwangtung province.
		While there have been strong divisions between the Hoklo and Hakka, who have traditionally maintained separate identities, the invasion of the foreign powers prompted the Hoklo and the Hakka to set aside their differences and unite together as Taiwanese.
		While there is a divergence of views among specialists in linguistics as to what extent the dialects spoken in Taiwan -- Amoy, Southern Min, Hokkien, Hoklo -- differ, for purposes of this book, I do not get into the complexities of the linguistic issues and simply refer to the language as Taiwanese unless otherwise specified.
	www.sino-platonic.org /abstracts/spp092_taiwan_presbyterian.html (2458 words)

	Pinyin news » Hoklo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Years of valuable time has been lost in the squabbling over romanization systems for Taiwanese.
		Posted in Taiwan, Chinese, languages, Hokkien, Taiwanese, literacy, Hoklo, Minnan, linguistics
		You are currently browsing the archives for the Hoklo category.
	pinyin.info /news/category/languages/hoklo (545 words)

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