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Topic: Holarchy

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Holon (philosophy)

Arthur Koestler

Hierarchical organization

Hierarchy

	Illuminati News: Worlds Within Worlds - The Holarchy of Life 7
		The physical and biological levels of the holarchy were completed millions of years ago, and many of the most important transitions during this period, such as those from atoms and molecules to cells, and from cells to organisms, left few if any traces visible to us today.
		Nevertheless, the relationship of consciousness to holarchy seems to be a complex one.
		Any stage or level in the holarchy, I contend, corresponds to one, and only one, structure of consciousness; and any one structure of consciousness, in turn, corresponds to one, and only one, state of consciousness.
	www.illuminati-news.com /000-spiritual/html/2007/0528g.html (6740 words)

	AEC FORUM
		The concept of holarchy is introduced by Koestler [Koe81] as "independent constituent organisms of a higher organism that governs their actions by integrating them".
		Holarchy may be understood as a hierarchy in the holon(1); suggesting complementation and integration of the parts under a major principle.
		A third moment, part of this holarchy, arises when the artist reads, interrogates his own work, evaluating the realized piece of art; comparing the effects aroused by it and relating them to the feelings that promoted his act.
	www.aec.at /meme/symp/panel/msg00020.html (1482 words)

	Holarchy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A holarchy is a (A series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system) hierarchy of (Click link for more info and facts about holons) holons.
		Holarchy as a word was coined by (British writer (born in Hungary) who wrote a novel exposing the Stalinist purges during the 1930s (1905-1983)) Arthur Koestler.
		The universe as a whole is an example of a holarchy, or holarchical (Instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity) system, and every other holarchy we are aware of is a part of this larger holarchy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ho/holarchy.htm (118 words)

	EXCELSIOR: Defining Higher in the Holarchy of Life, essay by Andrew Smith
		Holarchy is a special class of hierarchy, and the essence of any hierarchy is that everything has its rank in relation to everything else.
		I believe that if the idea of holarchy is to be truly scientific, as well as to have any practical value at all, we should be able to compare any two holons, and not only determine their relative rank, but even quantitate their differences.
		One major difference between my model of holarchy and Wilber's is that in my model lower stages are preserved in autonomous form during the development of a new level of existence, whereas in his model there are no stages but only levels, each of which is incorporated into the new, higher level.
	www.integralworld.net /smith5.html (12492 words)

	Carol Young (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A holarchy is a natural hierarchy that enfolds, or encompasses all the elements “below” it and is itself enfolded as a part of a larger holarchy.
		Holarchy emphasizes the dance among levels of analysis; no level can be viewed in isolation of the other levels.
		Holarchy shifts our sense of power from “power over” (the traditional hierarchical view of power) to “power to” or “power with” (which focuses more on what can be accomplished) (e.g.
	conferences.scranton.edu /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=41&cf=3 (1339 words)

	Holarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The "flow" in a holarchy is both up and down.
		Level behaviour: The holon at one level is not necessarily the "sum" of its subordinates.
		Flexibility: Holarchies are not rigid structures; they allow modification and adaptability.
	capita.wustl.edu /ME567_Informatics/concepts/holarchy.html (150 words)

	Worlds within Worlds: Chapter 6
		In the model of holarchy being developed today, therefore, higher levels of existence are taken for granted by some (though not all) theorists, and are assumed to be represented by higher states of consciousness that human beings can have at least fleeting contact with.
		In terms of the holarchy, we can say that subject and object can differentiate only after the maturing child begins to become a member of society, that is, to participate in the higher stages of social organization.
		The Gurdjieffian holarchy was defined in such a way that every new level or perhaps stage of existence was accompanied by a halving of the number of laws or constraints.
	www.geocities.com /andybalik/chapter6.html (12316 words)

	Holonic Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The strength of holonic organization, or holarchy, is that it enables the construction of very complex systems that are nonetheless efficient in the use of resources, highly resilient to disturbances (both internal and external), and adaptable to changes in the environment in which they exist.
		The stability of holons and holarchies stems from holons being self-reliant units, which have a degree of independence and handle circumstances and problems on their particular level of existence without asking higher level holons for assistance.
		The holarchy defines the basic rules for cooperation of the holons and thereby limits their autonomy.
	hms.ifw.uni-hannover.de /public/Concepts/concepts.htm (695 words)

	[No title]
		A holocratic government is an administration based on the functions that are intrinsic to the viability and continuity of the social-economic fabric and in turn to the nation-state as an entity; the functions which must be delivered to an acceptable level of performance for the nation-state to remain viable now and into the future.
		Holarchy is an organization described by its holistic structure of output function related systems and managed accordingly, in much the same way that the traditional organization is described by its hierarchy of managers.
		An important stage in the transition from a subjective to an objective form of organization, from a hierarchy to a holarchy (in whatever form it finally takes), is the therapeutic effect on those directly involved in arriving by discovery at a consensus on precisely what functions their individual inputs combine and interact to deliver.
	www.systemic-learning.com (16927 words)

	Holarchies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He is using Holon to mean basically a being of any kind, and Holarchy (or Holoarchy) as meaning a hierarchically organized structure of various types of issues, beings, entities, etc. I am probably twisting the words around further here.
		Holarchy is a word coined as a combination between the Greek word 'holos' meaning whole and the word 'hierarchy'.
		But the tool of looking at one holarchy or one holon at a time is valuable in figuring things out.
	freezoneamerica.org /funch/tp2/TP2A-98.HTML (1319 words)

	N19toe2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Asymmetrical holarchies however - by their very nature - require ignoring the complementary dynamics of such poles.
		As holarchy always implies arbitrary dualistic distinctions, clearly the Spirit in this sense is non-holarchic.
		Holarchies in development - that are understood in a one-directional unambiguous fashion - represent just one important example of this dualistic tendency.
	indigo.ie /~peter/N19toe2.html (450 words)

	A one-scale model of holarchy and it's implications for four strand theoriees of knowledge acquisition
		This results in the elimination of most of the social dimension in his holarchy, that is, the distinction between it and the individual dimension.
		Just where in the holarchy it is, and its relationship to brain on a single scale, is a question I will return to in a moment.
		The latter are fundamental to the entire holarchy, and thus such a correlation would give real teeth to your claim that these strands of knowledge operate everywhere in the holarchy, not just with humans (p.
	www.integralworld.net /smith.html (6289 words)

	note11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The great problem with asymmetrical notions of holarchy is that lower partness is predefined in one-way terms as part of a higher holon.
		Of course in dynamic bi-directional terms, holarchy and partarchy (and partarchy and holarchy) are necessarily complementary and interdependent.
		Development in fact entails both holarchies and partachies; transcendence and immanence and inclusion and exclusion.
	indigo.ie /~peter/note11.html (385 words)

	[No title]
		A holarchy in the sense of Koestler can be classified as a multi-level system in a kind of a multi-layer system (in the sense of Mesarovic-Takahara (1970)) with — as seen top-down — a graph-theoretical tree-structure.
		The improved modeling of artificial neural networks as a holarchy in the sense of Arthur Koestler, where the holons have with respect to their associated level different operational capabilities, seems to be still a subject of research.
		Holons of a nontrivial kind in the brain, which could be the building blocks of a holarchy in the sense of Koestler and which have at the same time also a systemtheoretical formal structure, seem to also be unknown.
	www.cast.uni-linz.ac.at /Department/Publications/Pubs2000/PIEMCSR2000.doc (3963 words)

	Temple of Poi :: Flowology :: Poi Holarchy
		This model is the result of considering how to create a beautiful, well organized framework within which everyone can fit their ideas, specialties, move names and concepts so the poi community can cross pollinate the information we know and educate each other from a common language structure.
		This is important to consider when looking at this model because it is about the poi artists kinesthetic (in their body) experience vs. the audiences visual (what they see) experience.
		The naturally emergent poi model is a holarchy, and rather than describe what a holarchy is myself, I am going to quote from one of the forerunning philosophers/integrative thinkers of our time, Ken Wilber, who has done a lot of work to describe and educate people in this particular area.
	www.templeofpoi.com /flowology/holarcy.php (1458 words)

	Can "Simultaneous Policy" create global cooperation? - the Futures Foundation
		An important theory underlying this is Koestler's concept of holons and holarchies.
		The entire system is a "holarchy": a hierarchy of holons or 'whole/ parts' which is endless in either direction.
		This is the emergence of a holon of democratic planetary governance that transcends and includes the lower holons in the holarchy.
	futuresfoundation.org.au /content/view/61/59 (1061 words)

	UP AND IN, DOWN AND OUT: The Relationship of Interior and Exterior in the Holarchy, essay by Andrew Smith
		As I have argued elsewhere (Smith 2001d), another way of defining higher in the holarchy is by complexity; the more complex a holon is, the higher it is. The complexity of a holon, in turn, is a function of the number and kinds of interactions beween its component holons.
		An important goal of any model of holarchy is to explain the process by which one form of existence moves up in the holarchy, becoming a higher form of existence.
		The holarchy would continue upwards with "molecules", "cells", and "organisms", with each of these holons a four-fold entity that only corresponded in one aspect with the form of existence we ordinarily mean by that term.
	www.integralworld.net /smith8.html (9604 words)

	Ken Wilber Online: Ken Wilber Online: Chapter 1 from The Eye of the Spirit
		So that is normal or natural holarchy, the stage-like unfolding of larger networks of increasing wholeness, with the larger or wider wholes being able to exert influence over the lower-order wholes.
		This is exactly the "cure" we see at work in psychoanalysis (shadow holons refuse integration), democratic social revolutions (monarchical or fascist holons oppress the body politic), medical science interventions (cancerous holons invade a benign system), critical social theory (opaque ideology usurps open communication), radical feminist critiques (patriarchal holons dominate the public sphere), and so on.
		Thus, for example, in modern psychology, holarchy is the dominant structural and process paradigm, cutting across the actual (and often quite different) content of the various schools.
	wilber.shambhala.com /html/books/eyspir_chapter.cfm (6092 words)

	Transcending this Poor Earth - á la Ken Wilber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Koestler substituted a “holarchy of holons”; for von Bertalanffy’s “hierarchical order of organized entities.” A holarchy is a hierarchy of holons, and a holon, he said, is Janus-faced; it is a whole to its parts below, and it is a part to the whole above.
		The holons of the social holarchy, in ascending order, are larger and larger aggregations of one thing: the individual-grouped in family, clan, tribe, nation/state, and entire human species.
		A logical ecological holarchy follows the simple principle of containment, viz., each level in the sequence is enveloped as a physical volumetric part by the next higher level.
	trumpeter.athabascau.ca /content/v17.1/rowe.html (7529 words)

	ntoe12
		Therefore if we define a holarchy in one sector in terms of inclusion, then in the opposite (horizontal) quadrant it will be defined in terms of exclusion.
		Let us take the familiar holarchy of an atom transcended and included in a molecule, which is transcended and included in a cell, which is transcended and included in an organism etc.
		So it is very one-sided to define holarchies solely in terms of inclusion, though it is true that from a differentiated perspective - where isolated reference frames are employed - that holarchies certainly appear this way.
	indigo.ie /~peter/ntoe12.html (804 words)

	Holarchys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Approved by the FDA in 1999, Xenical is the Holarchys in a new class of anti-obesity drugs known as lipase inhibitors.
		Furring Thin wood, or metal applied to a Holarchys to level the surface for lathing, boarding, or plastering, to create an insulating air space, and to damp proof the wall.
		He or she will help you figure the Holarchys range you can afford and search the classified ads and multiple listing services for homes you'll want to see.
	holarchy.ask.dyndns.dk /Holarchys (848 words)

	Scientific and Medical Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At the top of this holarchy, enfolding all, is the single ultimate mysterious holon of length raised to the power of infinity.
		He is not concerned with space as such but his holarchies and the space holarchy I have been describing run in parallel and his ultimate whole of non duality is identical with the ultimate whole of boundless space.
		The rungs of his ladder of consciousness are reflected in the levels of the spacial holarchy.
	www.datadiwan.de /SciMedNet/library/articles/9804202112.htm (2047 words)

	The Fifth International Conference on Knowledge, Culture and Change in Organisations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In fact, they are holons forming a nidified hierarchical order known as a holarchy.
		The answer is that they self-generate and self-organize within reticular holarchies and orgonic networks formed by production enterprises, or productive organizations.
		It seems that there is a "Ghost in the Production Machine", whose invisible hand produces growing levels of productivity and quality, increases the quality and quantity of satisfied needs and aspirations, reduces the burden of work, thereby producing ever higher levels of progress in the entire Economic Kosmos.
	m05.cgpublisher.com /proposals/395/index_html (308 words)

	Holarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler, is a hierarchy of holons — where a holon is simply a part of a hierarchy which itself is a complex system.
		The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine.
		The "nested" nature of holons, where one holon can be considered as part of another, is similar to the term Panarchy as used by Adaptive Management theorists Lance Gunderson and C.S. Holling.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holarchy (130 words)

	Chronogram: View From the Top . Esteemed Reader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A holarchy is comprised of holons or microcosmic units which are part of a larger world, and are worlds in themselves, which in turn are comprised of many smaller worlds.
		A holarchy is primarily a description of an harmonious interrelationship of worlds, from the largest to the smallest.
		So in a human society which is organized as a holarchy each level would adhere to the laws of the largest world—of humanity itself.
	www.chronogram.com /issue/2002/07/viewfromthetop/esteemedreader.html (1185 words)

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