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Topic: Holocene extinction event

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Extinction event

Extinction

Permian extinction

Genyornis

Ground sloth

Holocene

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Woolly Mammoth

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Late Cretaceous

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Rhinocerotidae

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	Holocene Extinction Event
		In broad usage, the Holocene extinction event includes the remarkable disappearance of large Mammal s, known as Megafauna, by the end of the Last Ice Age 9,000 to 13,000 years ago.
		Overall, the Holocene extinction event is most significantly characterised by the presence of man-made driving factors and its very short Geological Timescale (tens to thousands of years) compared to most other extinction events.
		Even those extinction events that were caused by instantaneous events — the Chicxulub Asteroid impact being currently the demonstrable example — unfold through the equivalent of many human lifetimes, due to the complex ecological interactions that are unleashed by the event.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Holocene_extinction_event (1724 words)

	Holocene extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Holocene extinction event is a name customarily given to the widespread, ongoing mass extinction of species during the modern Holocene epoch.
		Extinction rates are minimized in the popular imagination by the survival of captive trophy populations of animals that are merely "extinct in the wild," (Père David's Deer, etc) and by marginal survivals of highly-publicized megafauna that is "ecologically extinct" (Giant Panda, Sumatran Rhinoceros, the North American Black-Footed Ferret, etc.) and by unregarded extinctions among arthropods.
		Even those extinction events that were caused by instantaneous events — the Chicxulub asteroid impact being currently the demonstrable example — unfold through the equivalent of many human lifetimes, due to the complex ecological interactions that are unleashed by the event.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holocene_extinction_event (2040 words)

	Extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though there were undoubtedly mass extinctions in the Archean and Proterozoic, it is only during the Phanerozoic Eon that the emergence of bones and shells in the evolutionary tree has provided a sufficient fossil record from which to make a systematic study of extinction patterns.
		The impact is postulated to have been the cause of the P-T extinction event and possibly to have initiated the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent, creating the tectonic rift that began Australia's migration northward, away from Antarctica.
		The extinction of many megafauna near the end of the most recent ice age is also sometimes considered a part of the Holocene extinction event.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extinction_event (1845 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		The Holocene extinction event is a name customarily given to the widespread, ongoing mass extinction of species during the modern Holocene epoch.
		In broad usage, the Holocene extinction event includes the notable disappearance of large mammals, known as megafauna, by the end of the last ice age 9,000 to 13,000 years ago.
		Extinction rates are minimized in the popular imagination by the survival of captive trophy populations of animals that are merely "extinct in the wild," (PÃ¨re David\'s Deer, etc) and by marginal survivals of highly-publicized megafauna that is "ecologically extinct" (Giant Panda, Sumatran Rhinoceros, the North American Black-Footed Ferret, etc.) and by unregarded extinctions among arthropods.
	www.bangalorein.com /wiki-Holocene_extinction_event (2579 words)

	Extinction
		The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of that species.
		In species which reproduce sexually, extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left, or only individuals of a single sex.
		Extinction is not an unusual event in geological time -- species are created by speciation, and disappear through extinction.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ex/Extinct.html (183 words)

	Extinction event - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An extinction event (also extinction level event, ELE) is a period in time when a large number of species died out.
		The normal background rate of extinctions is about two to five families of marine invertebrates and vertebrates every million years.
		A recent theory, which has been largely discredited, suggested that the extinction cycle is caused by the orbit of a companion star which periodically disturbs the Oort cloud, sending storms of large asteroids and comets towards the Solar System every 26 million years.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /el/ELE.html (425 words)

	ScienceDaily: Extinction event (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Though there were undoubtedly mass extinctions in the Archean and Proterozoic, it is only during the Phanerozoic Eon that the biological invention of bones and shells has provided a sufficient fossil record from which to make a systematic study of extinction patterns.
		Extinction Rate Across The Globe Reaches Historical Proportions (January 10, 2002) -- Half of all living bird and mammal species will be gone within 200 or 300 years, according to a botany professor at The University of Texas at Austin.
		Extinction -- In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of taxa.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/extinction_event (2850 words)

	Extinction - Great Dying - Crystalinks
		Extinction of a species may come suddenly when an otherwise healthy species is wiped out completely, as when toxic pollution renders its entire habitat unlivable; or may occur gradually over thousands or millions of years, such as when a species gradually loses out competition for food to newer, better adapted competitors.
		Fear of human extinction is said to be one of the motivating factors of the environmentalist movements of the 20th and 21st century.
		Organisms throughout the world, regardless of habitat, suffered similar rates of extinction, suggesting that the cause of the event was a global, not local, occurrence, and that it was a sudden event, not a gradual change.
	www.crystalinks.com /extinction.html (3478 words)

	Sea Shepherd - The Beginning of the End for Life as We Know it on Planet Earth?
		The most recent event was 65 million years ago at the end of the Jurassic period, a cataclysmic occurrence that exterminated the dinosaurs, the dominant group of species at of that period.
		The world after the Holocene extinction event, the one we are in now, will be as radically altered and most likely one of the species that will not survive the event will be the present dominant species — the human species.
		Extinction of marine wildlife is considered to be even more severe with only 4% of the Northern cod remaining and sharks being removed from the sea at a rate of one hundred million a year.
	www.seashepherd.org /editorials/editorial_070504_1.html (2730 words)

	Holocene (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The beginning of the Holocene corresponds to the end of the Younger Dryas cold period, the final part of Pleistocene epoch.
		It is possible that the Holocene warming is merely another interglacial period and doesn't represent a permanent end to the Pleistocene glaciation.
		When I saw this, I really bewail'd the unhappiness of some of our wonderful Dexterity of Argument to defend their share in our late Conduct, should not be furnish'd from this more accurate World with Banter and just Raillery of their ill-natur'd Enemies the Whigs.
	www.wordlookup.net /ho/holocene.html (466 words)

	Armageddon Online - Extinction Event, Extinction Level Event, ELE
		This was not a sudden event; evidence suggests that the extinctions took place over a period of some three million years.
		For example, the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event promoted the domination of spores and swamp life for a period almost directly after the event.
		The collision of a large asteroid with the earth is one of several hypothetical scenarios put forward in recent years that scientists believe may cause or trigger an ELE (another is global nuclear warfare).
	www.armageddononline.org /extinction_event.php (769 words)

	The Pleistocene-Holocene Event - Sixth Great Extinction
		Extinction, or evolution into daughter species, is the fate of all species.
		Extinction expert David Wilcove and his colleagues list five anthropogenic causes of extinction in the United States, in order of current importance: habitat destruction; non-native (alien) species; pollution; overexploitation; disease.
		Its agents of extinction are those of the other waves, but now the human population explosion—from about 10 million 10,000 years ago to over six billion today—and a globalized agro-techno-economy spread over the whole Earth threaten everything from the last megafauna to plants to insects to coral reef ecosystems.
	rewilding.org /thesixthgreatextinction.htm (2336 words)

	The Holocene Extinction (The Anthropik Network) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Yet, in that short time, the "Holocene" has joined the Cambrian-Ordovician, the Ordovician-Silurian, the Late Devonian, the Permian-Triassic, and the Cretaceous-Paleogene for the dubious distinction of contributing its name to a mass extinction event.
		Until recently, the term "Holocene Extinction" referred to a rather minor spate of extinction which took place at the beginning of the Holocene, with the end of the megafauna--woolly mammoths, North American horses, sabertooth cats, and other large mammals.
		Previously, the Permian-Triassic was the worst extinction event in our planet's history; it ended 95% of all species that then existed, but it took nearly a million years to unfold.
	anthropik.com /2005/07/the-holocene-extinction (9905 words)

	The Ongoing Holocene Extinction
		The granddaddy of all mass extinctions, this event saw 96% of all marine species and 70% of land vertebrate species kick the evolutionary bucket.
		This event was probably caused, or at the least aggravated by, the impact of an asteroid around the size of Manhattan.
		Joe Crubaugh is a freelance writer whose psyche is often absorbed with current events, politics, art, culture, society, and the creamy bitterness of a steaming cup of white chocolate mocha.
	www.advenquest.com /AMS-article.storyid-1553.htm (692 words)

	CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF LATE HOLOCENE VERTEBRATE EXTINCTIONS IN NEW ZEALAND (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The end-Pleistocene glacial-interglacial transition (14-10,000 b.p.) was not accompanied by a vertebrate extinction event in New Zealand.
		However, a major vertebrate extinction event involving both megafauna (fur seals, sea lions, birds) and microfauna (large invertebrates, frogs, lizards, a sphenodontid, birds) began some time after 2000 b.p., intensified briefly after 700 b.p.(when settlement by Polynesians began), and was renewed after 200 b.p.
		Each phase of the event followed the introduction of additional mammalian predators, including man. The size range of taxa associated with each extinction phase was related to the body size and habitat of indigenous species and introduced predators.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_55167.htm (391 words)

	Catastrophism and Mass Extinctions
		Asteroids of Death by E.S. Matalka discusses the asteroid impact hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		Carriers of Extinction by Carl Zimmer suggests that the megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last ice age were caused by pathogens carried by migrating humans.
		Extinctions: Cycles of Life and Death Through Time from the Hooper Virtual Paleontological Museum discusses the asteroid impact and volcano hypotheses for the end-Cretaceous extinction.
	www.pibburns.com /catastro/extinct.htm (1469 words)

	Tollmann's hypothetical bolide - TheBestLinks.com - Asteroids, Comets, Extinction event, Holocene extinction event, ...
		Tollmann's hypothetical bolide - TheBestLinks.com - Asteroids, Comets, Extinction event, Holocene extinction event,...
		Tollmann's hypothetical bolide, Asteroids, Comets, Extinction event, Holocene...
		Alexander Tollmann's bolide is a hypothesis presented by Austrian professor of geology Dr. Alexander Tollmann, suggesting that one or several bolides (asteroids or comets) struck the Earth at 7640 BCE (+/-200), with a much smaller one at 3150 BCE (+/-200).
	www.thebestlinks.com /Tollmann__27__s_hypothetical_bolide.html (426 words)

	Hull Friends of the Earth News Archive: A to Z of the Environment
		An extinction event (also extinction-level event, ELE) is a period in time when a large number of species died out.
		The Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) extinction event, also known as the KT boundary, was an extinction event that occurred about 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period.
		This extinction event is best-known for the extinction of the dinosaurs, but many other forms of life perished as well; approximately 50% of all genera went extinct during this time.
	beehive.thisishull.co.uk /?WCI=SiteHome&ID=11091&PageID=65744 (11853 words)

	Chicken Little: Extinction Level Event
		Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation Robin M. Canup and Erik Asphaug: The Moon is generally believed to have formed from debris ejected by a large off-centre collision with the early Earth.
		Impact events are caused by the collision of large meteoroids, asteroids or comets with Earth and may sometimes be followed by mass extinctions of life.
		The "Great Dying," as it's called, was by far the most cataclysmic extinction event in Earth's history, yet scientists have been unable to finger a culprit as they have with the dinosaur extinction.
	www.ssrsi.org /rah/eee.htm (2005 words)

	John Alroy
		We've already seen that the North American event was coincident with both the deglaciation that was very rapid and extreme and with the first appearance of the Clovis hunting technology.
		We know that the event occurred everywhere in the continent, from all the way in the north to Florida, to Arizona, and that a similar event happened all the way down through the Americas, all the way to Patagonia.
		And what that means is, that the survivors of the event were not reorganized spatially -- they just kept on trucking -- and that makes it very hard to understand how habitat and climate changes could have done very much to the victims, whose ranges were changed and were, in fact, reduced to zero.
	www.amnh.org /science/biodiversity/extinction/Day1/bytes/AlroyPres.html (3109 words)

	[No title]
		Mathematical models that incorporate the size and number of megafauna genera prior to extinction, the reproduction rate of large animals under the threat of extinction, and the population growth, and expansion rate of human predators, shows that the overkill hypothesis is feasible.
		The paper starts out by proposing that the mechanisms behind small climate change events during deglaciation are different from those of “astronomical forcing” but never explains what this is I also had a hard time interpreting the eight figures used to represent the data layers and model outcomes.
		Two main hypothesis have proposed mechanisms for this mass extinction event: the overkill hypothesis proposes that post-glacial human expansion was responsible for the death of millions of megafauna across northern latitudes.
	www.uvm.edu /~pbierman/classes/gradsem/2001/megafauna.doc (1798 words)

	Evolution discussion
		The Permian extinction is perhaps the worst one that occurred in the Phanerozoic (last 510 m.y.), because nearly 99% of all species on this planet disappeared in a geologic instant.
		Cramer (1986, The Pump of Evolution) presented a most intriguing hypothesis that mass extinction events from asteroid impact act as an evolutionary pump, and are coupled with increases in evolutionary rate called Punctuated Equilibria.
		However, another extinction event occurred following the last ice age about 12,000 years ago (beginning of the Holocene Epoch) when the retreat of huge ice sheets caused massive rebound of the crust as the weight of ice was removed.
	www.sunstar-solutions.com /AOP/SOW/evolution_discussion.htm (4798 words)

	[No title]
		According to Knoll’s definition (2), it is most certainly not a mass extinction, because the event does not appear to be “instantaneous when viewed at the level of resolution provided by the geological record,” since carbon dating provides a resolution far higher than the time taken for the extinction event to occur.
		Climate change The extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene are broadly synchronous with a dramatic change in global climate, warming from the last ice age to the present interglacial.
		Most of the much-quoted extinction figures in shock ranges of 100 extinctions per day or more are based on the combination of such extrapolations, themselves based on estimates of the reduction of tropical rainforest area, with total species estimates derived from the Erwin’s original bug-bomb experiments.
	www.earlham.edu /~kotrcbe/ess/outline.doc (3802 words)

	Extinct
		The most recent of these, the K-T extinction 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period, is best known for having wiped out the non-feathered dinosaurs, called the non-avian dinosaurs, among many other species.
		Although scientists are generally opposed to future extinctions they have found historic extinctions very useful for research; in the early nineteenth century Georges Cuvier's observations of fossil bones convinced him that they did not originate in extant animals.
		A mass extinction summary lecture from the University of North Carolina estimates that living creations are drawn from only fifty million species, but that fifty billion species may have lived on the planet.
	www.paleorama.com /Mammals-E/Extinct.php (2853 words)

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