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Topic: Holocephali

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	The Fish, Part II: The Chondrichthyans
		The chondrichthyans are divided into two groups: the Elasmobranchs (the sharks and rays), and the Holocephali.
		The Holocephali are the chimaeras and a group of mollusk-eating fish that lived during the Paleozoic Era (570 to 230 million years ago).
		Modern chimaeras occur in temperate and cold waters, and are commonly known as rat-fish or rabbit-fish.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/4003/24454 (416 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 70.400 Chondrichthyes: Holocephali
		Thus, the term "Holocephali" or "Holocephalomorphi" (the distinction, if any, has escaped us in the literature) is preferred for the group including the living chimaeroids and their Mesozoic cousins.
		It is hard to say what a "typical" holocephalan might be, since the Holocephali are rather variable and poorly known, as well as being downright weird.
		However, it will do as a means to introduce some of the unique features of the Holocephali, as well as the living members of the Chimaeroidei.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/070Chondrichthyes/070.400.html (2292 words)

	SHARKS & RAYS - Scientific Classification
		Chondrichthyes are further divided into two subclasses: Holocephali and Elasmobrachii.
		The subclass Holocephali includes fishes known as chimaeras.
		They are characterized by the fusion of the upper jaw to the cranium (the upper part of the skull that encloses the brain), one pair of external gill openings, and no scales.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/info-books/sharks-&-rays/scientific-classification.htm (655 words)

	Chondrichthyes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Their digestive systems have spiral valves, and with the exception of Holocephali, they also have a cloaca.
		A spiracle is found behind each eye on most species, although Holocephali and some pelagic sharks have lost it.
		Their tough skin is covered with dermal teeth (again with Holocephali as an exception as the teeth are lost in adults, only kept on the clasping organ seen on the front of the male's head), also called placoid scales or dermal denticles, making it feel like sandpaper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chondrichthyes (1074 words)

	Chondrichthyes:Fossil Groups: SciComms 04-05: Earth Sciences
		The Holocephali (chimaeras, or ratfishes) have a single gill opening on each side, and the gill is covered by a circular operculum (= gill cover).
		These modifications of the skeleton increase the animal's weight, and this increase is counteracted by a high oil-content in the liver.
		In the Neoselachii (and in the Holocephali), the liver is used to control buoyancy rather than a gas-filled swim bladder (as is seen in bony fishes).
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Chondrichthyes/Modernforms/modernforms.html (1543 words)

	Information by Country - Search Result
		(Holocephali, Chimaeridae), from the eastern North Atlantic, and redescription of Hydrolagus affinis (Brito Capello, 1867).
		Didier, D.A. 1995 Phylogenetic systematics of extant chimaeroid fishes (Holocephali, Chimaeroidei).
		(Holocephali, Chimaeridae) a new species of rabbitfish from southern Brazil.
	filaman.ifm-geomar.de /Nomenclature/FamilyRefList.cfm?FamCode=25 (251 words)

	Chimaeras - The Neglected Chondrichthyans
		The sharks and rays belong to the subclass Elasmobranchii and the chimaeras (also known as ratfishes and ghost sharks) to the subclass Holocephali.
		As the name 'chimaera' suggests, holocephalans combine an odd mix of characteristics.
		They have a disproportionately huge head (Holocephali means 'whole head') pocked with large, well-developed eyes.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/shark_profiles/chimaera.htm (745 words)

	Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The main three Subclasses are Teleostomi (bony fishes), Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) and Holocephali (Ghost Sharks).
		TMandFFSA says that Holocephali also have other definite shark-like affinities but other things entitle them to be separated from the sharks.
		The large flat crushing teeth and the fusion of the upper jaw to the skull in Holcephali are said to be associated with a diet of molluscs.
	www.mlssa.asn.au /nletters/october2004.htm (2619 words)

	Millersville University Biology Department
		There's a lot of fish out there just waiting to be studied, and I am looking forward to working with students on various aspects of ichthyological research.
		Didier, D.A. Phylogeny and Classification of Extant Holocephali.
		Didier, D.A. The leopard Chimaera, a new species of chimaeroid fish from New Zealand (Holocephali, Chimaeriformes, Chimaeridae).
	muweb.millersville.edu /~biology/faculty/dagit.php (263 words)

	Home
		Holocephali: (Mississippian - Recent) Chimaeras and their relatives.
		Note: Although Symmorids are superficially shark-like they are evidently closer relatives of Holocephali.
		Synapomorphy of Elasmobranchii and Holocephali: Pelvic claspers - modification of pelvic fins in males used as intromittant organs (i.e.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~jmerck/honr219d/notes/11.html (1479 words)

	Holocephali - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Holocephali : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		holocephali : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
		holocephali : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=Holocephali (102 words)

	Find in a Library: The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi[!] obtained by ...
		Find in a Library: The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi[!] obtained by the United States Bureau of fisheries steamer "Albatross" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine islands and adjacent seas,
		The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi[!] obtained by the United States Bureau of fisheries steamer "Albatross" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine islands and adjacent seas,
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/oclc/1700800 (143 words)

	CHIMAERA Bibliography
		Di Giacomo, E E; Perier, M R. Reproductive biology of the cockfish, Callorhynchus callorhynchus (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae), in Patagonian waters (Argentina).
		Di Giacomo, E E; Perier, M R. Feeding habits of cockfish, Callorhinchus callorhynchus (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae), in Patagonian waters (Argentina).
		Lovejoy, D A; King, J A; Sherwood, N M; Peter, R E. Identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and associated binding substances in the blood serum of a holocephalan (Hydrolagus colliei).
	homepage.mac.com /mollet/Ref/Chimaera_ref.html (771 words)

	Chimaeroids
		Duffin, C.J. A chimaerid (Holocephali, Chimaeriformes) vomerine toothplate from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium.
		Hoganson, J.W. and Erickson, J.M. A new species of Ischyodus (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali: Callorhynchidae) from Upper Maastrichtian shallow marine facies of the Fox Hills and Hell Creek formations, Williston Basin, North Dakota, USA.
		Parmley, D. and Cicimurri, D.J. First record of a chimaeroid fish from the Eocene of the southeastern United States.
	www.oceansofkansas.com /Chimaeroid.html (779 words)

	Stahl (1967) Morphology and relationships of the Holocephali: With special reference to the venous system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Stahl (1967) Morphology and relationships of the Holocephali: With special reference to the venous system
		Morphology and relationships of the Holocephali: With special reference to the venous system
		To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box.
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=101325084&showStat=Ratings (93 words)

	Rays, Skates, Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, and Chimaeras \| Elasmobranchii, Holocephali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The class Chondorichthyes, consisting of all the cartilaginous fishes, is divided into two subclasses: the Holocephali (chimaeras), and the Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays).
		The Holocephali consists of a single order, the Chimaeriformes.
		All photographs, graphics, text, design, content on this web site are copyrighted, and should not be copied, downloaded, transferred, and re-created in any way without express consent of SeaPics.com.
	www.seapics.com /picture_gallery/rays/index.html (426 words)

	Bear Gulch - Harpogofutor volsellorhinus
		The Scottish relative, Chondrenchelys, lacks these ethmoid claspers; but males have enlarged, stiffened pectoral paddles, probably for display purposes.
		"Soft tissue pigments of the Upper Mississippian chondrenchelyid, Harpagofututor volsellorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Montana, USA." Journal of Paleontology 71:337- 342.
		Lund, R. Harpagofututor volsellorhinus new genus and species (Chondrichthyes, Chondrenchelyiformes) from the Namurian Bear Gulch Limestone, Chondrenchelys problematica Traquair (Visean) and their sexual dimorphism." J.
	www.sju.edu /research/bear_gulch/pages_fish_species/Harpagofututor_volsellorhinus.php (259 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The origin of this canal has been strongly debated with particular reference to the nature of a holocephalan:selachian relationship (Kappers 1912, Allis 1926, DeBeer and Moy-Thomas 1935, Holmgren 1942, Patterson 1965, Stahl 1967).
		Examinations have also been performed on the Mississippian (Namurian E2B) Selachii:Paraselachii:Holocephali clade of Bear Gulch, Montana to trace changes in chondrichthyan cranial dimensioning which may influence the development of an ethmoid canal.
		The data are presented in view of the major theories for canal formation and are used to formulate a novel interpretation for development of this cranial structure.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/organizations/aes/abst93b.htm (2199 words)

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	chrysler-buy.linksopen.com (827 words)

	Holocephali - French-English Dictionary WordReference.com
		We found no French translation for 'Holocephali' in our English to French Dictionary.
		Look for a definition in our English Dictionary.
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'Holocephali' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /enfr/Holocephali (49 words)

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	consolidate-loan.linksopen.com (920 words)

	Holocephali
		Read about this odd fish in this article.
		chimaera • chimaera • holocephali • elephant fish • rat fish
		Just when you thought it was safe to go back into the water...let's look at the Chondrichthyans!
	www.suite101.com /reference/holocephali (79 words)

	Holocephali - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Scientific classification: Chimaeras constitute the order Chimaeriformes of the subclass Holocephali.
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	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Holocephali (27 words)

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