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Topic: Holotrich

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

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	Relative significance of exogenous and de novo synthesized fatty acids in the formation of rumen microbial lipids in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Mixed rumen microorganisms (MRM) or suspensions of rumen holotrich protozoa obtained from a sheep were incubated anaerobically with [1-14C] linoleic acid, [U-14C] glucose, or [1-14C] acetate.
		With MRM the radio-activity remaining in the free fatty acids and that incorporated into SE was mainly associated with fatty acids, but a considerable part of the radioactivity in the polar lipids was associated with dienoic fatty acids.
		This effect of hydrogenation before incorporation was also noted with holotrich protozoa but to a much lesser extent.
	trophort.com /000/734/000734697.html (314 words)

	Protozoa: Ciliates: An introduction with photomicrographs of holotrich ciliates. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Protozoa: Ciliates: An introduction with photomicrographs of holotrich ciliates.
		Paramecium was formerly exampled as the classic holotrich ciliate, but in recent reclassifications, it is now variously placed with the Hymenostomata, the Vestibulata or the Nassophorea depending on the actual system.
		Coleps is a common holotrich ciliate in freshwater habitats, especially in situations where algae and other plant material has begun to decompose.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/protis/cili/cili0100.htm (1518 words)

	Ivan et al., March 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Holotrich protozoa had very little effect on the protein metabolism in the rumen, but cellulolytic protozoa (PP, EP, and EU) and EN decreased the efficiency of protein utilization by the ruminant host.
		The Holotrich protozoa (Isotricha and Dasytricha spp.) have very little effect on nitrogen metabolism in the rumen, whereas cellulolytic protozoa (Polyplastron, Epidinium, and Eudiplodinium spp.) and Entodinium spp., might be costly in terms of protein utilization by the ruminant host.
		If practical and economical methods for manipulation and control of various protozoa in the rumen are developed, it would be possible to increase the utilization of ruminal microbial nitrogen and, consequently, to improve the economics of ruminant production.
	www.asas.org /jas/abs/2000/mar750.htm (566 words)

	Effect of supplementation with a tree legume forage on rumen function
		Saponin concentration in the present experiment was 1.2 and 4% of the diet DM for the animals receiving 100 and 300 g/d enterolobium, respectively.
		Holotrich were the protozoa most susceptible to the Enterolobium (Table 2).
		They were reduced by 73% and 90% (before feeding) as the level of Enterolobium in the diet increased from 0 to 10 and 34% of the DM intake (P<0.01, Table 2).
	www.cipav.org.co /lrrd/lrrd5/2/navas.htm (4261 words)

	Spirotrich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The latter group includes the tintinnids, which produce loricae or shells and are the predominant fossil ciliates.
		As first defined by Bütschli in 1889 the spirotrichs were one of two orders, together with the now-abandoned holotrichs, and included all ciliates with prominent oral cilia: heterotrichs, hypotrichs, oligotrichs, and peritrichs, although the last were soon separated.
		The heterotrichs have an adoral zone of membranelles, but molecular and ultrastructure studies have shown they are a separate group that diverged from most other ciliates early on.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spirotrich (384 words)

	abs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Lloyd, D., Hillman, K., and Williams, A.G. Hydrogen production by rumen holotrich protozoa; effects of oxygen and implications for metabolic control by in situ conditions.
		It is suggested that rumen protozoa play a role in ruminal oxygen utilisation.
		It was also demonstrated that the presence of holotrichous ciliate protozoa decreases the oxygen sensitivity of methane production by suspensions of a cultured methanogenic bacterium (Methanosarcina barkeri).
	www.gutbugs.dabsol.co.uk /publish/abs4.htm (254 words)

	Summer Research Opportunities Program (SROP) Abstracts - Chemotaxis in Rumen Protozoa
		Control, glucose and other two solutions were tested twice in a single day and the experiment was repeated on subsequent days until all solutions has been tested.
		Control tubes containing an average of only 2.5 holotrich protozoa after 30 minutes of incubation; whereas, tubes containing fructose or glucose had 45.3 and 41.3 protozoa, respectively.
		Some attraction to galactose and citrate was indicated because tubes containing these averaged 9.6 and 10.7 holotrichs, respectively.
	www.grad.uiuc.edu /eep/srop/abstracts/view.cfm?id=87 (264 words)

	Refereed publications have been evaluated by peer-review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hillman, K., Lloyd, D., and Williams, A.G. Use of a portable quadrupole mass spectrometer for the measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in ovine rumen liquor in situ.
		Hillman, K., Lloyd, D., and Williams, A.G. Interactions between the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri and rumen holotrich ciliate protozoa.
		Lloyd, D., Hillman, K., Yarlett, N., and Williams, A.G. Hydrogen production by rumen holotrich protozoa: Effects of oxygen and implications for metabolic control by in situ conditions.
	www.gutbugs.dabsol.co.uk /publish/refer.htm (800 words)

	Amazon.com: "holotrich ciliate protozoa": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hillman, K., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. (1988) actions between the methanogen Methanosarcina and rumen holotrich ciliate protozoa.
		Interactions between the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri and rumen holotrich ciliate protozoa.
		Heald, P. J., and Oxford, A. Fermentation of soluble sugars by anaerobic holotrich ciliate protozoa of the genera Isotricha and Dasytricha.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/holotrich-ciliate-protozoa (475 words)

	NZSAP 1965 Proceedings: Abstract AB65008 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Results expressed on a concentration basis can give a misleading picture of the changes in protozoal numbers occurring during a feeding experiment.
		Holotrich numbers may fall during feeding and the occurrence of this fall appears to depend on the previous feeding.
		From these and other results it is suggested that fluctuations in protozoa in the rumen may be a factor in determining the bloat susceptibility of cattle.
	nzsap.org.nz /proc/1965/ab65008.html (140 words)

	Assoc Editor WJAS/AEJAES
		El-Waziry, A.M. and Kamel, H.E.M. Degradation of Casein by Entodiniomorphid and Holotrich Rumen Protozoa.
		El-Waziry, A.M., Kamel, H.E.M. and Nour, A.A. Relationship Between Entodiniomorphid and Holotrich Rumen Protozoa of Sheep on the Degradation of Casein.
		Kamel, H.E.M., El-Waziry, A.M. and Sekine, J. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fibre digestion and ruminal fermentation in sheep fed berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) as a sole diet.
	www.idosi.org /wjas/agricv502.htm (1371 words)

	Maintaining a Healthy Rumen – An Overview
		Rumen protozoa can be divided into two general groups: the "holotrichs" and "entodiniomorphs".
		The holotrich protozoa are very important in utilizing soluble sugars.
		Because their growth rate is slower and their size larger than bacteria, the holotrichs help to control the rate of carbohydrate fermentation when large quantities of soluble carbohydrates are present in the diet.
	www.wcds.afns.ualberta.ca /Proceedings/2000/Chapter10.htm (2932 words)

	[No title]
		These findings were confirmed by Seng Mom et al (2001) in a trial in Cambodia in which local cattle fed rice straw, a rumen supplement (urea and minerals) and fresh cassava foliage, grew faster after being dosed with standard cooking oil purchased in the local market.
		These researchers also showed that the effect of the oil was mainly against the large protozoa (Holotrich and Dasytrich spp), and because these organisms have a half life of over 120 days (Leng 1989), there was a considerable delay before they were re-established in the rumen.
		By contrast, the smaller protozoa (mainly Entodinia spp) were quickly re-established (half-life of less than 20 days; Leng 1989), and returned to normal levels within about one month of the oil treatment.
	www.cipav.org.co /lrrd/lrrd15/7/nhan157.htm (1598 words)

	Bison Nutrition and Physiology Bibliography
		All protozoan species found in bison have been reported in domestic livestock, although Ophryoscolex sp., a relatively common protozoan in cattle, was detected at low concentrations in only eight bison.
		The uncommon holotrich Microcetus lappus was present in five bison in concentrations reaching 8.4% of the total ciliate population.
		lappus is a holotrich, diurnal changes in concentrations indicate that it follows a cycle unlike most other holotrichs, decreasing shortly after feed is offered and then gradually increasing over time.
	www.montana.edu /~wwwcbs/nutrbib.html (6108 words)

	PAG-X: RELATIVE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUITE OF ISOTRICHA EST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although non-essential for survival, rumen protozoa play important roles in maintaining the health and productivity of host animals by reducing the risk of lactic acidosis, and by contributing to the breakdown of cellulose and other fibre components of the diet.
		As a first step towards the characterization of rumen protozoa at the molecular level, we have constructed a cDNA library for Isotricha sp., a common rumen Holotrich ciliate, and characterized a suite of randomly chosen cDNA clones by partial sequencing and expression analysis.
		Of the sixty-two clones used for expression profiling, transcript levels ranged from high (five clones) to below the detection threshold of assay (twenty-eight clones).
	www.intl-pag.org /pag/10/abstracts/PAGX_P15.html (220 words)

	Ron's Pond Scum
		Click here to see how bad things can be.
		Here is common pond creature - a Holotrich, and most likely a Dileptus species.
		A drop of water from our birdbath contains an assortment of different microbes.
	www.silkentent.com /gus1911/RonPond.htm (1631 words)

	Section 1
		Similar trends were observed for small and large entodiniomorphid protozoa counts.
		However, no effect (P>0.05) was found on holotrich protozoa numbers.
		The results indicated that methane emission is not essentially associated with protozoa activity since among three seed pulps with high antiprotozoal activity, only T. chebula (methanol extract) had antimethanogenic activity.
	www.rbi.it /restricted/pages/06/6b.htm (13459 words)

	Definition of holotrich - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
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		Visit Britannica.com for more information on "holotrich "
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	m-w.com /dictionary/holotrich (29 words)

	::::::::::::::Goldfishworld.com::::::::::::::
		White spot 02 (334 kb) Higher magnification and phase contrast (x600) shows rows of cilia beating, providing means of motion.
		Whitespot is a holotrich ciliate - the cilia are distributed evenly over the entire body surface.
		For further details of fish parasites see the fish disease section
	www.goldfishworld.com /fishmovies.html (582 words)

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