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	Holotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A holotype is the single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to be used when the taxon was formally described.
		For example, the holotype for the butterfly Lycaeides idas longinus is held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and the holotype for the extinct mammal Cimolodon is at the University of Alberta.
		The holotype of Pelorosausus humerocristatus, a large herbivore dinosaur from the early Jurassic period, is a fossil leg bone stored at the Natural History Museum in London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holotype (438 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Holotype
		A holotype (sometimes simply type) is the single physical example or illustration of an organism that defines the characteristics of the whole species.
		The holotype is often, but not always, the first example of the particular species that has been found because it represents the first opportunity to describe it in scientific literature.
		These better specimens cannot replace the holotype because the ultimate purpose of the holotype is to serve as a physical reference connected to the original description.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Holotype (748 words)

	SDNHM Herpetology Type Specimens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Holotype: SDSNH 34790; paratypes SDSNH 30, 843, 2011, 2593, 2725, 5265-5266, 6553, 15970-15971, 16702, 16988, 16989, 17012, 21249, 24050, 24390, 25303, 27726, 27770, 30295, 32797, 32817, 32821-32822, 34666, 34786.
		Holotype: SDSNH 34191; paratypes SDSNH 27251, 28846, 28848, 31700, 31766, 31917, 31940, 31941, 31942, 31959, 33323, 33812, 33795, 33826, 33832, 33888, 33975, 33977, 33978, 33979, 33980, 33981, 33982, 33983, 34017, 34019, 34107, 34150, 34164, 34165, 34184, 34185, 34186, 34187, 34189, 34190, 34192, 35093, 35109, 35149, 35151, 35536, 35537, 35594, 35654.
		Holotype: SDSNH 23757; paratypes 22260, 22261, 22295, 22297, 22298, 22741, 2954, 22955, 23027, 23386, 23387, 23750-23756, 23758-23761, 23815, 23846-23848, 23911-23913, 23918-23923, 23951, 23995-23997.
	www.sdnhm.org /research/herpetology/herptype.html (805 words)

	International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
		An epitype is a specimen or illustration selected to serve as an interpretative type when the holotype, lectotype, or previously designated neotype, or all original material associated with a validly published name, is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name of a taxon.
		If no holotype was indicated by the author of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon, or when the holotype has been lost or destroyed, or when the material designated as type is found to belong to more than one taxon, a lectotype or, if permissible (Art.
		When a holotype or a previously designated lectotype has been lost or destroyed and it can be shown that all the other original material differs taxonomically from the destroyed type, a neotype may be selected to preserve the usage established by the previous typification (see also Art.
	www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de /iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0013Ch2Sec2a009.htm (1713 words)

	Introduction to Catalog of type specimens of Tortricidae in the National Museum of Natural History Collection of ...
		Holotype male, USA, Texas, Dallas Co., Dallas, “Dichrorampha boumelliana Boll mss., two generations, June and Oct. in the rolled leaves of Boumellia languinosa.” Although misspelled as “rumeliana” immediately prior to its description, it is spelled correctly as “bumeliana” previously on the same page, where it is identified as the type species of Goditha.
		Although Miller (1970) was unable to find the holotype, one of the males bears a red USNM type label (“Type 5413”) consistent with the original description, implicating it as the holotype.
		Holotype male, Japan, Hatsuno, Is. Amami-oshima, 11-13 August 1977, A. Seino.
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /lep/tort_types_list.html (10353 words)

	The American Seven-spined Gobies
		Evermannichthys bicolor Thacker 2001:2-4, fig 1; Holotype LACM 54100-3; Type locality: Navassa Island, Caribbean Sea, rotenone station in a flat sand habitat with scattered rocks, gorgonians, and sponges at a depth of 27-30 feet.
		Elacatinus oceanops Jordan 1904: 542, pl.2, fig.3 Holotype Stanford Nat.
		Garmannia saucra Robins 1960: 281-285, 1 fig.; holotype ANSP 92985; Type locality: South Cay, Jamaica, 3 miles south of Port Royal, north side of cay in 3-5 ft. of water.
	gobiidae.com /gobspecies.htm (4660 words)

	Primary zoological types in QVMAG: Oligochaete worms A-E
		It is unclear which of these worms is the holotype and which are the vouchers (not paratypes) '14:1549, 14:3039, same sample as H, (posterior amputee plus four matures and one juvenile)' as given in Blakemore, 2000.
		It is not clear which specimen is the holotype and which the 'posterior amputee, dissected' designated in Blakemore, 2000 as paratype P1 (14:3296).
		It is presumed that the complete worm is the holotype and the two others are paratypes P1 (14:3093) and P2 (14:3094), each of which is referred to in Blakemore, 2000 as a 'mature, posterior amputee'.
	www.qvmag.tas.gov.au /zoology/types/typewrm1.html (2450 words)

	Neuroptera of Florida
		Holotype male, Columbia City, along Eel River, Indiana, 19.V.1936, Frison and Ross (Urbana).
		Holotype male, Havana, Cuba, Rio Almendares, 20.1923, Cervera (MCZ).
		Holotype, San Antonio de Tena, San Pedro Claver, Cundinamarca, Colombia (Barcelona, not found).
	www.fsca-dpi.org /Neuroptera/Neuroptera_of_Florida.htm (5383 words)

	Checklist of genera and species of foliicolous lichenized fungi
		(URM 18794a, holotype, not seen; IMI 83230b, type fragment on slides, not seen).
		Kalb, holotype, not seen; GZU, IMI, isotypes, not seen).
		Kalb, holotype, not seen; GZU, isotype, not seen).
	www.uni-bayreuth.de /departments/planta2/ass/robert/lichens/checkfun.html (2805 words)

	[No title]
		UC63489 IMG Holotype H. Hall and H. Babcock 5473 Jul 25 1904 CA USA Antennaria hygrophila E. Greene (unverified) UC1514533 Isotype C. Baker 1276 Jul 10 1902 NV USA Antennaria incarnata Porsild UC994766 Isotype A. Porsild and A. Breitung 10412 Jul 11 1944 unknown Canada Antennaria lanatula Chrtek & Pouzar UC29497 Isotype Wm.
		JEPS2749 IMG Holotype Marjorie D. Clary 1707 Dec 16 1932 CA USA Argythamnia discolor Brandegee UC109919 Holotype T. Brandegee Jan 1 1904 Sinaloa Mexico Argythamnia dressleriana Ingram (unverified) UC143336 Holotype C. Purpus 4400 Puebla Mexico Argythamnia gentryi Ingram (unverified) UC651767 Holotype H. Gentry 5761 Feb 29 1940 Sinaloa Mexico Argythamnia neomexicana Muell.
		JEPS2762 Holotype S. Parish 8258 Oct 18 1912 CA USA Atriplex carnosa Nelson (unverified) UC444346 Fragment A. Nelson 8036 Aug 18 1900 WY USA Atriplex carnosa Nelson (unverified) UC444322 Fragment A. Nelson 8036 Aug 18 1900 WY USA Atriplex cordulata Jeps.
	ucjeps.berkeley.edu /all_types.txt (9055 words)

	Holotype Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Looking For holotype - Find holotype and more at Lycos Search.
		Find holotype - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for holotype - Find holotype at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Holotype (577 words)

	Arthropod TYPES in the New York State Museum: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		There are 193 holotypes, 13 lectotypes, 240 syntypes, 45 allotypes, 501 paratypes, and 19 paralectotypes.
		Holotype: 5000 ft/ Mt. Marcy N.Y. 31 July, 1913 N.Y.S. Coll./ Acantholyda ferruginea Felt Monotype/ Acantholyda ferruginea Felt Type.
		Holotype: Branford, Ct. June 1904 H. Viereck/ Culex brittoni Felt [also have slide of wing and slide of scales on head].
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /research_collections/collections/biology/bio_Insect_Mite_types.html (2433 words)

	Stephanidae: Revision of the Australian Stephanidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		No specimen was found to match the holotype of P.
		Hybrid (?) characters in the holotype of P.
		One possibility is that this holotype is a hybrid of the two species discussed above.
	iris.biosci.ohio-state.edu /projects/stephanids/aust_hibrid.html (135 words)

	Primary type specimens in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC): Diptera list by species
		affinis Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926, Clasiopa, holotype (Ephydridae)
		albitarsis Tonnoir & Malloch, 1927, Allophylina, holotype (Heleomyzidae)
		bifasciata Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards, 1927, [=bifasciola Matile, 1989 nomen novum], Zygomyia, holotype (Mycetophilidae)
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/nzac/dipt_spec.asp (2137 words)

	Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Ohio: Erie Co.; bottom of Deep Northwest Quarry, north portion of Kelley’s Island, Lake Erie, 19 Jun 1979, M.F. Reinking 612, OS-154138, Holotype.
		Ohio: Coshocton Co.; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, near Coshocton, 19 Sep 1942, H.N. Moldenke 14070a, Holotype.
		Holotype US: also Isotypes F, GH, MICH, NY, SMU, TEX, UC.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~herb/types.htm (3320 words)

	Fern Types at UC
		UC has within its holdings 1821 identified type specimens (holotypes [346], lectotypes [4], isotypes [1243], isolectotypes, syntypes, isosyntypes) of pteridophytes.
		Holotypes and lectotypes only are stored in special type cases, arranged alphabetically by basionym, and cross-referenced in the general collections.
		All other types are filed in the general collections, under the currently accepted name.
	ucjeps.berkeley.edu /fern_types.html (563 words)

	Type Material, Insect Collection, University of Wisconsin, Madison
		Abstract: This list presents the type material in the Insect Research Collection of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
		The list includes primary types (holotypes) and a number of secondary type categories (allotypes, autotypes, homeotypes, metatypes, and paratypes) in Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Odonata.
		This represents the first attempt to list type material deposited in the University of Wisconsin Insect Research Collection (UWIRC).
	www.entomology.wisc.edu /irc/irctype.html (296 words)

	All Fungi Types of the NYS Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		But, it looks the same as the other, and inferred to be a part of the holotype.
		Comments: Even though there are information discrepancies, the Parry collection from Colorado is the likely type.
		Comments: Box labelled 'A. patulus Fr.' is possibly holotype material.
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /mycology/fungiall.html (1414 words)

	Imperial College Greenland Diving Expedition 1995: The Ikaite Holotype
		Though the mineral had since been discovered in other global locations, these locations were either seasonal or in deep sea sediments and therefore not readily accessible, as opposed to Ikka Fjord, where the ikaite was known to occur perennially.
		Though the Ikka Fjord area has been studied in some detail with regards the Precambrian carbonatite - syenite intrusive complex, the two expeditions of the summer of 1995 (Copenhagen University and ICGDE), were the first time that scientists had re-visited the holotype locality to re-study the mineral.
		Due to the nature of Paulys' gravimetric analysis, it wasn't even sure whether the columns of Ikka fjord were indeed calcium carbonate hexahydrate, some other calcium carbonate hydrate, or a mixture of calcium (carbonate and other) hydrates
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/rapids/3083/ikka.html (16684 words)

	Defender's Guide to Science and Creationism: V: Paleontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sir Fred Hoyle, the astronomer who first made this accusation, argued that the fossils were actually reptile fossils with feather impressions either pressed into a thin layer of artificial cement, or chiseled directly into the rock.
		However, a team of scientists disproved Hoyle's claims by performing a battery of tests on the holotype of Archaeopteryx (Charig et al.
		Detailed examination of the feather impressions through scanning electron microscopy revealed "a degree of minute detail that [the scientists believed] would be impossible to carve, even today [written in 1986], and a total absence of any chisel marks" (Charig et al.
	www.vuletic.com /hume/cefec/5.html (2740 words)

	WS Type Collection Data
		idahoense forma tricolor St. John (Holotype and Isotype)
		Lomatium anomalum M.E. Jones (fragment of Holotype and photo)
		Arnica amplexicaulis piperi St. John & Warren (Holotype ?)
	www.wsu.edu /~wsherb/typecoll.html (34 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		106737 HOLOTYPE OF HYLA GOUGHI BAILEYI (=HYLA BAILEYI)
		73861 HOLOTYPE OF AMEIVA WETMOREI ELEANORAE (=AMEIVA WETMOREI)
		45352 HOLOTYPE OF CNEMIDOPHORUS LEMNISCATUS GAIGEI (=CNEMIDOPHORUS L.
	www.ummz.lsa.umich.edu /herps/primtypes.html (211 words)

	Dinosaur Genera List
		There are lots of species, renamings, and emendations, too many to be tabulated conveniently at this website; but all of my most up-to-date files of dinosaur species names may be downloaded for free from T. Mike Keesey’s
		The type specimen is usually designated when a species is initially described (in which case it is called a holotype specimen); if not, then it may be designated subsequently, in further work on the species (in which case it is called a lectotype specimen).
		Once designated, the type specimen may be changed only by a formal petition to and subsequent ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (which doesn’t happen very often!).
	members.aol.com /Dinogeorge/dinolist.html (4438 words)

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