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	Breeds of Livestock - Holstein Cattle
		She proved to be such a satisfactory producer, that Chenery made later importations of Holsteins in 1857, 1859 and 1861.
		Holsteins are large, stylish animals with color patterns of fl and white or red and white.
		Holstein Association, 1 Holstein Place, Brattleboro, VT 05302-0808.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /breeds/cattle/holstein (408 words)

	Holstein (cattle) - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Holstein, or Friesian as it is known in the UK, is a cattle breed used in dairy farming.
		Developed in what is now the province Fryslân, The Netherlands, the Holstein cattle (sometimes known as Friesian Holstein or Holstein Friesians) was imported to the United States of America in the 1860's.
		Typical Holstein milk is 2.5% to 3% milk fat (the Jersey, another popular dairy breed, produces about half the volume of milk per cow per day, but at 4 to 4.5% milk fat).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Holstein_%28cattle%29 (326 words)

	Cattle - MSN Encarta
		Cattle, common term for the domesticated herbivorous mammals that constitute the genus Bos, of the family Bovidae, and that are of great importance to humans because of the meat, milk, leather, glue, gelatin, and other items of commerce they yield.
		The concept and formulation of modern breeds of cattle began in the midregions of England, in northern Europe, and on the Channel Islands during the mid-1800s, and most modern breeds were formed in the latter half of that century.
		Cattle with similar characteristics, however, were present in these areas even before the concept of breeds became dominant.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573997/Cattle.html (1036 words)

	A survey of cattle production in China
		Between 1983 and 1991, the Chinese Black and White cattle population in Beijing and Shanghai increased to 66 000 and 74 000, respectively, representing an increase of 100 and 180 percent.
		When the cattle grazed on natural pastures in Yi Li and Tachong areas and were slaughtered between September and November, it was found that the dressing percentage for 18-month-old steers was 47.4,50.5 for 30-month-old and 53.1 for adult steers, with respective meat percentages of 36.3, 38.4 and 39.3.
		Northern yellow cattle are generally yellow-brown or white and fl, with long thin horns, a small dewlap, a low hump, a sloping rump, strong legs and a well-developed udder.
	www.fao.org /ag/againfo/resources/documents/WAR/war/V0600B/v0600b07.htm (3125 words)

	National Cattlemen's Beef Association
		Given that the incidence of tuberculosis in Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico is comparable to the incidence of tuberculosis in Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers, this action is necessary to protect the health of domestic livestock in the United States.
		Holstein steers and spayed heifers are much more likely to be infected with tuberculosis than other breeds of cattle, due to the fact that they almost always originate from or are raised on dairy farms, where animals are kept in close proximity, typically for several years.
		Cattle in U.S. herds in 2000 were valued at $67 billion, with 1999 cash receipts of $36.5 billion from the sale of cattle, calves, beef, and veal.
	www.beefusa.org /NEWSCattleFromMexico9860.aspx (2007 words)

	Holstein Cattle
		Cragg Farm Livestock - Dairy farmers - the Kendalcragg Herd of pedigree Holstein cattle.
		Howes Holsteins - A family enterprise located in Aylmer, Ontario, Canada that is developing and merchandising registered Holstein cattle and embryos.
		Rosedale Holsteins - Breeders of Holstein cattle in Jefferson, Wisconsin.
	www.1800miti.com /links/affh/animal/cattle/animal-cat-ho.html (712 words)

	Holstein (cattle)
		The Holstein, or Friesian as it is known in the UK, is a cattle breed used in dairy farming.
		Developed in what is now the province Fryslân, The Netherlands, the Holstein cattle (sometimes known as Friesian Holstein or Holstein Friesians) was imported to the United States of America in the 1860's and is the most common dairy cow around the world.
		In late 2003 a cow of this breed was found to have Mad Cow Disease near the city of Mabton, Washington, in the United States.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Holstein_cattle (188 words)

	Svaz chovatelu holštýnského skotu - Association
		the Association of Czech Spotted Cattle Breeders, the Association of Pig Breeders in Czechia and Moravia, the Breeders' Union, the Association of Beef Cattle Breeders, the Association of Sheep and Goat Breeders and the Czech Association of Breeders.
		The CMBA is responsible for technical maintenance of the Holstein Cattle Herd Book and for calculating breeding values and processing results of milk recordings and artificial insemination.
		The Holstein Cattle Breeders' Association is involved in the management of the CMBA through two representatives in its Board.
	www.holstein.cz /index.php?stranka=association-en-104 (700 words)

	Holstein
		At that time the Holstein breed in this country consisted of the Chenery importation of 1861 (a bull and four cows) and their increase, together with one bull remaining from the earlier Chenery inportations.
		She was dropped March 15, 1870, and appears as the first female registered in the first herd book of the breed (the herd book of the Association of the Breeders of Thoroughbred Holstein Cattle, published in 1872).
		Miller's pioneer work with Holstein- Friesian cattle is attached to a granite boulder in the Miller farm dooryard on the right side of the road leading north from Peterboro toward Clockville.
	library.morrisville.edu /local_history/sites/Holstein/holhist.html (1286 words)

	Holstein Foundation
		The Holstein Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, tax-exempt organization was established in 1989 to enhance youth and young adults programs that will develop and sustain leaders for a changing agriculture.
		The Holstein Foundation is dedicated to investing in youth at a time of rapid change in agriculture to ensure a bright future for the next generation of leaders in agriculture.
		Holstein Foundation's programs address a critical need-developing leaders that are able to face the rapidly changing industry by influencing their community, economy, environment and public policy.
	www.holsteinfoundation.org /images (188 words)

	Holstein (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1990 the total Holstein population of the USA was down to 4.1 million; only 380,009 new animals were registered in the herdbook, representing 45,700 members.
		The Holstein cow is about 150-160 cm high at the withers, weighing approximately 800-900 kg; bulls are 170-180 cm in height and weigh 1,000-1,250 kg, and sometimes up to 1,500 kg.
		The cattle are dehorned, but when the horns are allowed to grow they develop into medium length and are turned outwards, with their tips upwards, as was common in 19th century Dutch cattle.
	www.cattlenetwork.net /Breeds/holstein.htm (594 words)

	Holstein friesian Cattle
		Herds introduced into the North American continent from Frieseland and form regions Holstein and Vestfalia were called and recorded as Holstein-Friesian.
		In terms of daily weight gain they are often at the same level as the dual purpose breeds, or even as some of the beef cattle breeds.
		(Red colour is a recessive trait in the fl and white animals.) Economically important traits of the red Holstein-Friesian cattle do not differ significantly from those of the fl and white variety of the breed, however long term breeding progress is slower in the red variety simply because of the smaller population size.
	www.agrota-2l.hu /eng/szarvasmarha/holstein-friz.html (651 words)

	Animal genetic resources information / Bulletin d'information sur les ressources génétiques animales / Boletín de ...
		The narrowing of the genetic base is of major concern to many cattle breeders and this is a consequence of a small effective population size and an increase in the inbreeding coefficient in cattle populations.
		Studies of pedigrees of cattle populations found in Canada showed that the effective population size and rate of inbreeding over a 12-year period (1983-94) were 123 and 0.412 percent for Canadienne, 975 and 0.054 percent for Brown Swiss, and 2 183 and 0.024 percent for Jersey cattle populations.
		In contrast, 41 percent of the Holstein bulls in the four Bull studs were sired by 10 bulls which is slightly lower than the 47 percent of progeny tested US bulls from 1975 to 1979 that were sired by the 10 most popular Holstein bulls (Rutter and Pearson, 1981).
	www.fao.org /docrep/006/y4924t/y4924t06.htm (2903 words)

	Sequence Variation of Bovine Prion Protein Gene in Japanese Cattle (Holstein and Japanese Black)
		A previous report suggests that the 23-bp indel polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to BSE, but we did not find a difference in allele frequency between healthy and BSE-affected Holstein cattle.
		There were differences in allele frequency between healthy Holstein and JB cattle at the 23- and 12-bp indels and at the SNPs at nucleotide positions 234 and 576, but there was no difference in allele frequency of the octapeptide repeat.
		Satoshi NAKAMITSU, Takayuki MIYAZAWA, Motohiro HORIUCHI, Sadao ONOE, Yasunori OHOBA, Hitoshi KITAGAWA and Naotaka ISHIGURO “Sequence Variation of Bovine Prion Protein Gene in Japanese Cattle (Holstein and Japanese Black)”.
	www.vegsource.com /talk/madcow/messages/1000437.html (366 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Prion gene haplotypes of U.S. cattle
		A cattle TSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), was first diagnosed among Holstein/Friesian cattle in the United Kingdom [2] and has since been detected in at least twenty five countries including the United States.
		The region of high LD was not restricted to a cattle subgroup and was observed in the beef cattle diversity panel; dairy cattle diversity panel, B.
		The cattle samples used in this study were classified into subgroups that addressed their natural history, an approach applied in other studies [15,17].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2156/7/51 (3924 words)

	Australian Holstein Genetics - Award Winning Breeders
		Australian Holstein Genetics was founded by a group of 130 Holstein breeders from the NSW South Coast and Tablelands.
		Many of our breeders are recognised nationally and internationally for the outstanding Holstein cattle they breed.
		Holstein cattle from the South Coast and Tablelands are recognised for their production ability and also for their classification and show results.
	www.australianholsteingenetics.com.au /about_us.asp (140 words)

	Holstein cows....
		Well most modern Holstein bloodlines here in the USA that are sired from some of the top AI sirers are noted for not being that feed effence.
		There are a few cattle geneticst that are opening there mouths and are asking the question why on earth did people breed the graising ablity and the feed effencey out of there holstein cattle.
		Here in the west there are large dairies with large numbers of Holstein cows that they can not get rebred and there spending all high dollars on high tech to get the cows breed, in milk and rebred.
	www.cattletoday.com /forum/post-7672.html (1325 words)

	GenMARK
		If Red and White Holstein cattle are your choice, then DNA testing for the red gene will help identify key Black and White Holsteins to include in your breeding program.
		Full-blood Piedmontese cattle have two copies of the inactive myostatin gene and are often referred to as "Two Copy" individuals.
		Because the majority of female heifers born twin to a male are sterile, freemartinism is considered to be one of the most severe forms of sexual abnormality in cattle.
	www.genmarkag.com /cattle_tests.php (1083 words)

	dictionary - Holstein (cattle)
		Developed in what is now the province Fryslân, The Netherlands, the Holstein cattle (sometimes known as Friesian Holstein or Holstein Friesians) was imported to the United States of America in the 1860's.
		Typical Holstein milk is 2.5% to 3% milk fat (the Jersey, another popular dairy breed, produces about half the volume of milk per cow per day, but at 4 to 4.5% milk fat).
		In late 2003 a cow of this breed was found to have Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease near the city of Mabton, Washington, in the United States.
	www.medicalrace.com /dictionary/Holstein_cattle (303 words)

	The Holstein Cow - Holstein Association USA
		In the late 1800’s there was enough interest among Holstein breeders to form associations to record pedigrees and maintain herdbooks.
		Top producing Holsteins milking twice a day have been known to produce up to 67,914 pounds of milk in 365 days.
		Currently, live Holstein females and males and frozen embryos and semen are being exported to more than 50 countries and used extensively to improve foreign food supplies and dairy producer incomes.
	www.holsteinusa.com /html/thecow1.html (766 words)

	Holstein Cattle Breeders Societies and Associations
		John Mackie’s Dalfibble Herd of Pedigree Holstein Cattle was dispersed on the 15th of March 2007 at the Dalfibble Farm.
		The Association has a membership of 557 Holstein breeders and as a branch of Holstein Canada there is a direct and beneficial connection to all Holstein breeders in Canada.
		Founded in 1981 as a provincial branch of Holstein Canada, it is a non-profit association representing 5400 Ontario Holstein breeders.
	www.tumpline.com /stackyard/pedigree/html/holstein.html (331 words)

	Holstein breeders prepare for future at national convention
		Both scientific practices, when perfected, will revolutionize how Holstein cattle are bred, he said.
		The most unusual possibilities for cattle breeding lie in transgenics-the transfer of genes from one organism to another.
		Bailey said scientists have already cloned cattle that are disease resistant or are superior in body condition.
	www.biotech-info.net /holstein_breeders.html (745 words)

	2005 Northern Expo Holstein Dairy Cattle Show
		The show, which is undoubtedly going from strength to strength enjoyed it's usual high standard of cattle forward with particular attention being paid to the calf section of the show where nearly forty calves were entered into three classes.
		The calves were competing for the new calf championship, which the committee have introduced to the show this year with The Michael Armstrong Trophy kindly donated and presented by the Armstrong Family of Wolfa in memory of Michael going to the champion calf.
		The Premier Exhibitor and Premier Breeder awards sponsored by Holstein UK went to J and V Barlow's “Painley” herd who exhibiting at the show for the second consecutive year gained points through a fantastic string of five homebred cattle brought all the way from Minshull Hall, Church Minshull, Cheshire.
	www.stackyard.com /news/2005/11/dairy/northern_expo.html (1223 words)

	Genetics of Coat Color in Cattle
		This has been included for the benefit of cattle breeders who are trying to utilize coat color as one of the goals in their breeding program.
		Cattle that are e/e are red and this is the recessive genotype.
		Red coat color in Holstein cattle is associated with a deletion in the MSHR gene.
	homepage.usask.ca /~schmutz/colors.html (2001 words)

	BEEF: HOLSTEIN WITH CLINICAL SIGNS OF JOHNES - JOHNE'S INFORMATION CENTER
		Cattle with Johne’s disease typically eat well, have no fever, and so not act sick.
		Johne's disease is as common in Holstein cattle as in other dairy breeds.
		The disease is less common, however, in beef breeds of cattle.
	www.johnes.org /beef/_Holstein_front.html (97 words)

	AzTx Cattle Company
		Cattle Marketing Services, Inc. is an independent consulting firm owned and operated by Delbert Hollis.
		The focus and goal of Cattle Marketing Services is to help feedyards and their customers in the marketing of their fed cattle in order to obtain maximum profit from the multitude of options in the market place.
		Since inception of this service in 2001, Cattle Marketing Services, Inc. has netted premiums over the average market price to AzTx Cattle and its customers in excess of $2,900,000.00 The expertise of Cattle Marketing Services is offered free of charge to all AzTx feeding customers.
	www.aztx.com /cattle_marketing.php (291 words)

	Atresia coli in Calves: Cause and Surgical Management (Illini DairyNet)
		It is likely that atresia coli occurs in all cattle breeds secondary to vascular insufficiency of the developing spiral colon, and that in familial lines of Holstein-Friesian cattle the developing spiral colon grows at a faster rate and to a longer length than in other cattle breeds, predisposing the Holstein-Friesian fetus to atresia coli.
		We suspect that familial lines of Holstein-Friesian cattle have a proportionately longer large intestine, resulting in an increased risk of vascular compromise during embryonic and fetal development of the colon.
		In summary, Holstein-Friesian cattle appear genetically predisposed to atresia coli and early (before day 42 of gestation) or vigorous palpation per rectum of the amniotic vesicle can increase the probability of developing atresia coli during embryonic and fetal life.
	www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu /dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm?ContentID=325 (1448 words)

	Mutation associated with Factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle
		A deficiency of blood coagulation factor XI is known to occur not only in small animals but also in large animals, especially in Holstein cattle.
		Using this method, the frequency of the mutated allele has been determined to be 1.2% in a contemporary population of the USA Holstein sires.
		Cattle are the host and main reservoir of the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis; although other mammalian species, including humans, are susceptible.
	www.vetcontact.com /en/art.php?a=702&t= (412 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Genetic Diversity and Background Linkage Disequilibrium in North American Holstein Cattle ...
		Twenty-three elite Holstein bulls that are not closely related to one another and widely used in the U.S. dairy industry were identified and studied at 54 DNA markers.
		Results suggest that the observed associations between DNA markers in the bovine genome are not purely due to genetic drift and that some associations might be due to associations between markers and disease loci.
		Twenty-three elite Holstein bulls that are not closely related but were widely used in the US dairy industry were identified and genotyped on 54 microsatellite loci.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=144238 (543 words)

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