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Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program | University of California, San Francisco The HOX homeodomain proteins are known to be critical factors for fetal development, and our laboratory has shown that these proteins also play major roles in normal blood cell growth and differentiation as well as in leukemic transformation. We hypothesize that the HOX homeodomain proteins function to control the cellular differentiation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cell to phenotypically diverse mature cells. We have demonstrated the lineage specific expression of a series of homeobox genes in human hematopoietic cell lines and hypothesize that these transcription factors may be the controlling genes for blood cell differentiation, and that mis-expression of these genes is a key pathogenetic event in leukemogenesis. www.ucsf.edu /bms/faculty/largman.html   (373 words)

Homeodomain fold - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The homeodomain fold is a protein structural domain that binds DNA and is thus commonly found in transcription factors. Homeodomain folds are found exclusively in eukaryotes but have high homology to lambda phage proteins that alter the expression of genes in prokaryotes. The recognition helix and the inter-helix loops are rich in arginine and lysine residues, which form hydrogen bonds to the DNA backbone; conserved hydrophobic residues in the center of the recognition helix aid in stabilizing the helix packing. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homeodomain_fold   (466 words)

Antp paper The core homeodomain represents the amino acids 10-59 spanning from the beginning of the helix 1 to the end of the helix 4 (6). The importance of the four amino acid residues for the functional specificity of the Antp homeodomain is consistent with the functional conservation of a homologous vertebrate homeodomain protein. On the other hand, in addition to the N-terminal arm of the homeodomain, the sequence at the C terminus of the homeodomain is also required for the functional identity of the Dfd protein. www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/molbio/restricted/01antp/antp.html   (3793 words)

Msx-1 Homeodomain, homology model   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Homeodomains are conserved DNA-binding domains found in the transcription factors of a wide variety of organisms. Msx-1 is a homeodomain encoded by a subfamily of homeobox genes. Homeodomains are about 60 amino acid residues long, and they consist of three alpha-helices (red) and one flexible N-terminal arm (green). www-nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu /photogallery/structures/html/page47.html   (158 words)

homeodomain structure   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) A homeodomain is a structural motif found in transcription factors involved in (amongst other things) the expression of developmentally regulated genes. The homeodomain is a variation on a helix-turn-helix motif; 3 alpha-helical regions seperated by turns in the protein backbone. One of these alpha helices acts to recognise specific DNA sequences in the promotor / enhancer region of the genes which they regulate (binding to the major groove of the DNA), while the other two serve to help postion the "recognition helix". medweb.bham.ac.uk /bmedsci/bms2/chime/homeo/homeo_tut.html   (102 words)

Homeobox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The homeodomain binds DNA in a specific manner. However, the specificity of a single homeodomain protein is usually not enough to recognize only its desired target genes. Most of the time, homeodomain proteins act in the promoter region of their target genes as complexes with other transcription factors, often also homeodomain proteins. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homeobox   (557 words)

Insights into binding cooperativity of MATa1/MAT{alpha}2 from the crystal structure of a MATa1 homeodomain-maltose ... the a1 homeodomain in the absence of DNA or the chimera are identical to that of the a1 homeodomain. to the C-terminus of the a1 homeodomain helix 3. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/12/2/306   (4080 words)

PITX2 - paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 Two of the genes, growth arrest protein 43 (GAP43) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) were exclusively detected at 24 hr, whereas the genes Twist1, Midkine, and zinc finger protein of cerebellum 1 (Zic1) each showed a specific expression profile in the regenerating liver with peak expressions at 4, 24, and 6 hr, respectively. PITX2 is a homologue of Pitx2 (paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2) from Mus musculus. PITX2 is a homologue of LOC487902 (similar to paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 isoform c) from Canis familiaris. www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/91050.html   (5196 words)

Paired-Type Homeodomain Transcription Factors Are Imported into the Nucleus by Karyopherin 13 -- Ploski et al. 24 (11): ... The homeodomain (210 to 269) is represented by a thicker line in the left diagram. The helical segments represent the three alpha helices of the homeodomain and are denoted by I, II, and III. The proline-rich homeodomain protein, PRH, is a tissue-specific inhibitor of eIF4E-dependent cyclin D1 mRNA transport and growth. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/24/11/4824   (8241 words)

Embryonic Development: Putting on the finishing touches The approximately 60 amino acids encoded by the homeobox are called a homeodomain. Many proteins containing homeodomains have been shown to be transcription factors; probably they all are. A dash indicates that the amino acid at that position is identical to the one in the Antennapedia homeobox domain. users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/HomeoboxGenes.html   (1324 words)

LSUHSC School of Medicine - Biochemistry Laboratory J Brown We have identified a homeodomain protein that binds to Tat and are currently characterizing the region of each protein required for binding. Members of the homeodomain gene family are differentially expressed during embryonic development and are responsible for determination of body plan. The homeodomain proteins have been implicated in the proliferation of hematopoetic precursor cells in response to growth factors, and in their differentiation to mature erythrocytes and leukocytes. www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu /biochemistry/lab_brown_j.asp   (554 words)

Isolation of Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Genes from the Moss Physcomitrella patens and the Evolution of ... ) adjacent to the C-terminus of the homeodomain and have N- terminus or C-terminus of the homeodomain and leucine zipper Evidence that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil. mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/4/491   (5185 words)

The Pax3[ndash]FKHR oncoprotein is unresponsive to the Pax3-associated repressor hDaxx This interaction is mediated primarily through the homeodomain recognition helix with the additional involvement of the octapeptide domain and its N-terminal flanking amino acids. From this we conclude that the homeodomain recognition helix in conjunction with the N-terminally extended octapeptide domain are necessary for the interaction between Pax3 and hDaxx. The paired and homeodomains of Pax7 and Pax4 were generated by PCR amplification from cDNAs kindly provided by M.Busslinger and B.Sosa-Pineda, respectively, using primers generated from published sequences (Schafer et al., 1994; Inoue et al., 1998). www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v18/n13/full/7591786a.html   (8030 words)

Prep1, a novel functional partner of Pbx proteins The data in Figure 3 thus indicate that the Prep1 component of UEF3 is sufficient for specific recognition of the TGACAG motif, and suggest that the p50 and p40 subunits may be important in raising the binding affinity. Prep1, TGIF and Meis1 are almost identical in the third helix of their homeodomains, that is, DNA recognition, and in particular they have a isoleucine at the third position of the highly conserved homeodomain motif, WF_N_N, of the third helix. The demonstration of an interaction between the Hox co-factor Pbx and the novel homeodomain protein Prep1 is of the utmost interest, as the properties of this heterodimer may interfere with the function of Pbx in regulating target selectivity, binding affinity and transcriptional activation of Hox proteins. www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v17/n5/full/7590857a.html   (7871 words)

Molecular evolution of the homeodomain family of transcription factors -- Banerjee-Basu and Baxevanis 29 (15): 3258 -- ... The amino acid residues that are absolutely conserved across all homeodomain classes are shown in white with a blue background and the residues that are conservatively substituted are highlighted in yellow. For each of the homeodomain classes, the conserved residues are indicated by a downward arrow. The homeodomain classes are color coded and the abbreviations used here correspond to those in the alignment presented in Figure 1. nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/15/3258   (6529 words)

Protein Structure -- Homeodomain   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) DNA binding protein Homeodomain protein segment bound to DNA. Indeed, proteins containing the homeodomain are localized in the nucleus and bind to specific DNA sequences. The homeodomain is a recurring motif in genes controlling development. www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~brd/www/bio/images/pix.html   (508 words)

Temporal regulation of a paired-like homeodomain repressor/TLE corepressor complex and a related activator is required ... Temporal regulation of a paired-like homeodomain repressor/TLE corepressor complex and a related activator is required for pituitary organogenesis -- Dasen et al. Model for the temporal switch of a homeodomain repressor for an activator, mediated by the coordinate recruitment of distinct corepressor complexes in pituitary organogenesis. In the anterior neural plate, Hesx1 is required for restricting the domain of FGF8 and FGF10 expression to distinct regions of the ventral diencephalon and is later required for the inhibition of Prop-1 function to temporally control the proliferation and determination of four pituitary cell lineages. www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/15/23/3193   (7763 words)

Abstract   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The analysis confirms that the prospero class of homeodomain proteins is indeed capable of forming the homeodomain structure despite its low degree of sequence identity to the canonical homeodomain. Energy calculations indicate that the homeodomain structure is stabilized primarily by hydrophobic interactions between residues at the helical interfaces. A number of other homeodomain proteins, such as PHO2p from Saccharomyces and Pax6 from human, were also included in the threading analysis and were shown to be able to form the engrailed structure, indicating that there are no rigid overall sequence requirements for the formation of the homeodomain structural motif. www.bioinfo.de /isb/abstracts/01/0015.html   (305 words)

The homeobox page Structure of the homeodomain Classification of homeobox genes The first genes found to encode homeodomain proteins were Drosophila developmental control genes, in particular homeotic genes, from which the name "homeo"box was derived. The cut superclass of homeobox genes is comprised of four classes: Cux (with 3 cut domains and 1 homeodomain), ONECUT (with 1 cut domain and 1 homeodomain), CMP (Compass, with 1 Compass domain and 2 homeodomains), and SATB (with 1 COMPASS domain, 2 cut domains, and 1 homeodomain). homeobox.biosci.ki.se   (1847 words)

The Conserved KNOX Domain Mediates Specificity of Tobacco KNOTTED1-Type Homeodomain Proteins -- Sakamoto et al. 11 (8): ... The ELK homeodomain is indicated by bars beneath the sequences. The N- and C-terminal halves of the three homeodomain proteins are divided at the N-terminal end of the ELK domain (solid arrow in Figure 1). ELK homeodomain of the KN1-type homeodomain proteins is sufficient www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/8/1419   (7277 words)

BioMed Central | Full text | Adaptive evolution of Hox-gene homeodomains after cluster duplications   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) One class of homeobox-containing transcription factor genes are the Hox genes, which are homologous to the genes in the Drosophila homeotic (HOM) gene cluster, that specify cell fate during embryonic development [1] and have derived functions in other tissues [2]. This association, however, is difficult to reconcile with the perceived degree of sequence conservation between the homeodomains of Hox genes and the numerous examples of functional equivalence of Hox/Hom genes from strikingly divergent organisms [24-28]. Although the homeodomain is a highly conserved motif, it is not invariant; in fact only 17 residues are absolutely conserved between all vertebrate Hox genes in our alignment, suggesting that variable sites could be functionally divergent. www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/86   (4924 words)

Antennapedia Homeodomain   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The antennapedia homeodomain is a sequence-specific transcription factor from the organism Drosophila melanogaster. The homeobox domain, or homeodomain, is one that binds DNA through a helix-turn-helix structural motif. The antennapedia homeodomain is 68 amino acid residues long. www-nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu /photogallery/proteins/htm/page20.htm   (292 words)

Overexpression in transgenic tobacco reveals different roles for the rice homeodomain gene OsBIHD1 in biotic and ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) A novel plant homeodomain protein interacts in a functionally relevant manner with a virus movement protein. Himmelbach A, Hoffmann T, Leube M, Hohener B, Grill E. Homeodomain protein ATHB6 is a target of the protein phosphatase ABI1 and regulates hormone responses in Arabidopsis. Plant homeodomain protein involved in transcriptional regulation of a pathogen defense-related gene. jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/420/2673   (5483 words)

Intron of the mouse Hoxa-7 gene contains conserved homeodomain binding sites that can functionas an enhancer element ... Homeotic genes of vertebrates and invertebrates determine cell fates along the anterior-posterior body axis (1). ANTP and FTZ homeodomains were purified from bacterial extracts Concentration of the ANTP and FTZ homeodomains in www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/93/24/13884   (3651 words)

Evidence That the Homeodomain Protein Gtx Is Involved in the Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Myelination -- Awatramani et ... Evidence That the Homeodomain Protein Gtx Is Involved in the Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Myelination -- Awatramani et al. Evidence That the Homeodomain Protein Gtx Is Involved in the Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Myelination We have investigated the patterns of postnatal brain expression and DNA binding of Gtx, a homeodomain transcription factor. www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/17/6657   (7722 words)

Sex-Specific Homeodomain Proteins Sxi1{alpha} and Sxi2a Coordinately Regulate Sexual Development in Cryptococcus ... Homeodomain proteins are central regulators of development in A schematic representation of the homeodomain region shows the helices of a classic three-helix bundle found in homeodomains above the sequences. A role for heterodimerization in nuclear localization of a homeodomain protein. ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/4/3/526   (5477 words)

DNA binding proteins   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The homeodomain has an additional helix - helix number IV which may also play a part in binding to DNA. Homeodomain proteins bind as monomers rather than dimers and the binding sequences for homeodomain proteins are not palindromic. These proteins contain a homeodomain and next to the homeodomain there is a region of about 75 amino acids called the POU-specific domain or POU region. bssv01.lancs.ac.uk /ADS/BIOS336/336L7.html   (1927 words)

Prediction of transcriptional regulation by Dlx and Msx homeodomain proteins Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that play a crucial role in early development in eukaryotes and regulate mechanisms involved in switching off/on specific subset of target genes. The Dlx and Msx homeoproteins are recruited to the transcriptional control regions of specific target genes via selective DNA-protein and/or protein-protein interactions and affect the activation or repression of their respective target genes. In this paper, we have studied the role of Dlx and Msx homeoproteins in transcriptional regulation under these interactions using in silico methods, which would expand the scope of experimental data to construct novel models for transcriptional regulation. www.comcen.com.au /~journals/homeoproteinabs2004.htm   (267 words)

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