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Topic: Hominini

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	Hominoid taxonomies
		The terms "hominoid", "hominid", and "hominin" are not interchangeable, but their classification criteria are variously in a state of flux.
		In general, the hominoids are a primate superfamily; the hominid family is currently considered to comprise both the great ape lineages and human lineages within the hominoid superfamily; the "homininae" comprise both the human lineages and the African ape lineages within the hominids, and the "hominini" comprising only the human lineages.
		The term "hominins" almost always refers to the tribe Hominini, and not to the subfamily Homininae.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /ep/Hominoids.html (353 words)

	MSN Encarta - Human Evolution
		The separate human line in the hominid family is distinguished by being placed in a tribe, Hominini, whose members can then be called “hominins”—the practice that is followed in this article.
		An examination of the fossil record of the hominins reveals several biological and behavioural trends characteristic of the tribe.
		This form of locomotion led to a number of skeletal modifications in the neck, lower spinal column, pelvis, and legs.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566394_1____3/Human_Evolution.html (552 words)

	Hominini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that only includes humans (Homo), chimpanzees (Pan), and their extinct ancestors.
		, the tribe Hominini includes Pan as well as Homo as separate subtribes.
		Homo (and, by inference, all bipedal apes) is by itself only in the subtribe Hominina, while Pan is in the Paninina subtribe.
	www.encyclopedia.paderewa-team.com /art_Hominini (214 words)

	Homininae - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hominoid taxonomy has had several changes in the classification of apes in recent years.
		The subfamily Homininae can be further subdivided into the tribes Gorillini (gorillas) and Hominini (chimpanzees and humans).
		A hominin is a member of the tribe Hominini, a hominine is a member of the subfamily Homininae, a hominid is a member of the family Hominidae, and a hominoid is a member of the superfamily Hominoidea.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hominine (213 words)

	:::► Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		''Hominini'' (humans and chimpanzees) {{Taxobox_end}} '''Homininae''' is a subfamily of Hominidae, including ''Homo sapiens'' and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees.
		It comprises all those hominid hominids, such as Australopithecus, that arose after the split from the other great apes (of which orangutans are the only surviving group).
		The subfamily Homininae can be further subdivided into the Tribe (biology) tribes Gorillini (gorillas) and Hominini (chimpanzees and humans).
	www.mauspfeil.net /Homininae.html (259 words)

	Talk:Homininae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note that there is another terminology, in which the term "hominin" refers to Tribe hominini and the term "hominine" refers to Subfamily homininae.
		Before Hominini was used at all, then my original usage applies.
		I was pretty convinced by that National Geographic link, and by some other reading I did last night and today, that the terms in that paragraph are the standard ones used.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Homininae (836 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : PhyloCode and human evolution
		The great apes in this scheme are all hominins (tribe Hominini) and the living hominoids are all hominines (subfamily Homininae).
		Hominini Gray 1825 (converted clade name) includes Homo sapiens but not Pan troglodytes.
		The human lineage can be "Hominini" whether it is technically equivalent to an old-style subfamily, tribe, or subgenus, in other words.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/topics/phylogeny/phylocode_2005.html (4560 words)

	Ape - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To try to resolve the hominine trichotomy, some authors proposed the division of the subfamily Homininae into the tribes Gorillini (African apes) and Hominini (humans).
		However, DNA comparisons provide convincing evidence that within the subfamily Homininae, gorillas are the outgroup.
		This suggests that chimpanzees should be in Hominini along with humans.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Apes (1834 words)

	Australopithecus garhi: a new-found link?
		I place humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans together in the family Hominidae; so "hominid", a term still all too often used to mean "in the human line", actually refers to other living Great Apes too.
		At most, humans can be separated from other Great Apes as a tribe, Hominini, so fossils on the human side of the divide are "hominins".
		Anthropologists as a crew are always ten years behind other biologists, so it will probably be quite a while yet before textbooks of human evolution stop using "hominids" in the old sense.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/garhi_cg.html (2034 words)

	Viewpoint: Is It Time to Revise the System of Scientific Naming? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In recognition of their genetic divergence some 11 to 13 million years ago, the orangutans would be placed in the sub-family Ponginae and the African apes, including humans, would all be lumped together in the sub-family Homininae.
		Well, I would never try to stand in the way of the advancement of science, but just try saying Hominidae, Homininae, Hominini three times fast in front of a first year Introduction to Anthropology class and you will have some sympathy for the scientist who clings to the term hominid for a few more years.
		The classification debate is not just a debate for the purist; it cuts to the very core of our understanding of human's place in nature and our evolutionary relationships with our closest living relatives.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/12/1204_hominin_id_2.html (731 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Early Humans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Orangutans, and their extinct relatives are placed in the subfamily Ponginae (the "pongines").
		To characterize the human line after its split from the other African ape lineages between 5 and 8 million years ago, a tribe classification Hominini ("hominins") is adopted.
		Some researchers strongly disagree, preferring the traditional classification, and they reserve the term hominid strictly for the human lineage.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/early.html (368 words)

	Early Histories: The First Humans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Increasing brain size, remodeled teeth, and hips and lower limbs redesigned for walking are major hallmarks of the human tribe, Hominini.
		This tribe holds at least two genera: the almost extinct Australopithecus ("southern ape), which evolved in Africa over 4 million years ago, and Homo ("man"), which appeared about 2 million years ago.
		Although the hominid fossil record is far from complete, and the evidence is often fragmentary, there is enough to give a good outline of the evolutionary history of humans.
	www.mikedust.com /history/index.html (175 words)

	Gorilla - Wikispecies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A subgenus of Pan according to Tuttle (1967); but see Groves (1989) who stated that they are not closely related.
		Included in Hominini by McKenna and Bell (1997), but as a subtribe Gorillina, separate from Hominina (=Pan and Homo).
		This page was last modified 21:22, 31 January 2006.
	species.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gorilla (56 words)

	Is there fossil evidence of
		The human clade is, in this taxonomic scheme, regarded as at most only a Tribe, Hominini, within the Hominidae.
		Something that creationists seem not to understand is that "evolutionists" do not believe that all fossils related to a living species are its ancestors.
		(4) It happens that all of the more completely-known fossil taxa in the Hominini were bipedal in at least their predominant locomotor pattern.
	chem.tufts.edu /science/Stear-NoAiG/no-AiG/cg_is_there_fossil_evidence%20.htm (3994 words)

	Paleoanthropology
		The terminology of our immediate biological family is currently in flux; for an overview, see a current hominoid taxonomy.
		The term "hominin" refers to any genus in the human tribe (Hominini), of which Homo sapiens (modern man) is the only living specimen.
		O'Connell and colleagues challenge conventional wisdom by suggesting that the cascade of changes - involving anatomy, life history, culture and social structure - that resulted in the evolution of modern humans was set off not by hunting, but by systematic exploitation of subterranean food sources and recruitment of grandmothers to provide for their grandchildren.
	www.cogweb.ucla.edu /ep/Paleoanthropology.html (11549 words)

	Human Evolution - About Human Evolution
		These formal names are then abbreviated to give the common names hominid, hominine and hominin respectively.
		Then at the tribe level, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans separate onto different branches of the evolutionary tree with humans in the Hominini or hominin branch.
		As a result of this classification change, modern humans and all our extinct ancestors on our own branch of the evolutionary tree are now known as hominins rather than as hominids as they were formerly known in old classifications.
	www.amonline.net.au /human_evolution/about.htm (1118 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2000-09-0010: New critics
		The system Sapiens Homo (Hominini = Homininae Hominidae...) might be an idea for the future (some decades = from now), but why not turning it by 180=B0 to arrive at (...
		Hominidae = Homininae Hominini) Homo sapiens, which is nearly where we are and thus = would provide stability?
		Another approach could be to give every species a "genus" uninomen, but = whereas this is feasible for nonavian dinosaurs where most genera are = monotypic, it would hardly be for extant ones like Crocodylus (by the = way, should we correct that nonsensical y?), Varanus or Bos, not to = mention insects...
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2000-09-0010.html (418 words)

	Primate Genomics: The Search for Genic Changes that Shaped being Human
		Using the principle of age equivalence to assign taxonomic ranks to the various primate clades (i.e.
		A phylogenetic branching (at ~18 Ma) divided Homininae into tribes Hylobatini and Hominini.
		Within Hominini, a phylogenetic branching (at ~14 Ma) separated the monogeneric subtribe Pongina for Pongo (orangutans) from Hominina.
	www.uchicago.edu /aff/mwc-amacad/biocomplexity/MGHGEP.html (4800 words)

	Human Evolution: Summary, sources & Dating Tools, by L. Evans
		hominin " (Tribe hominini) refers to creatures characterised by an upright posture and bipedal locomotion.
		Australopithecines are the most ancient species of the hominin (hominid in older texts) lineage that we can clearly distinguish and humans are the only living representatives.
		Hominoids (Superfamily Hominoidea) include lesser apes (Family Hylobatidae), greater apes (Pongidae), prehumans and humans (Tribe Hominini).
	www.ecotao.com /holism/hu_evo_intro.htm (7150 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2000-09-0012: Re: New critics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As far as I know, ootaxa are not governed by any code, the rules used by ootaxonomists seem to be rather informal.
		> The naming system represented by Sapiens Homo Hominini Homininae > Hominidae..., which was proposed by Brent Mishler, is not under > consideration for adoption in the PhyloCode.
		It is therefore very > misleading for Benton to have focused on this system.
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2000-09-0012.html (210 words)

	Java Skull Raises Questions on Human Family Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Traditionally humans and their ancestors have been classified as the family Hominidae (thus hominid).
		A new classification system, taking into account the close relationship between humans and chimps, places orangutans, gorillas, and chimps together with humans in the family Hominidae (hominids); gorillas, chimps, and humans in the subfamily Homininae (hominines); and humans in the tribe Hominini (hominins).
		Also, according to this system, australopithecines become australopiths.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/02/0227_030227_javaskull.html (911 words)

	Molecular evolution of the psi eta-globin gene locus: gibbon phylogeny and the hominoid slowdown -- Bailey et al. 8 ...
		Homininae into tribes Pongini (orangutans) and Hominini, and the division
		of Hominini into subtribes Gorillina (gorillas) and Hominina (chimpanzees
		The additional gibbon and galago sequence data provide further
	mbe.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/8/2/155 (636 words)

	Hobbit-like Human @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So how to refer specifically to humans and extinct relatives such as the 3.2-million-year-old Lucy?
		They are now hominins, after the tribe Hominini, which now includes the australopiths (the new term for australopithecines, like Lucy) and the genus Homo.
		Learn more about human ancestors at this informative website, where you can visit the Hall of Human Ancestors, read FAQ's about paleoanthropology, or ask a researcher your own question.
	www7.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0504/feature1/learn.html (475 words)

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