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Topic: Homocysteine

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	Homocysteine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Homocysteine is therefore unsuitable for incorporating into proteins, because a protein containing homocysteine would cleave itself.
		Homocysteine appears to be downregulated by high concentrations of polyphenol antioxidants, chemicals which are known to provide certain health benefits to the cardiovascular system and immune system.
		A high level of blood serum homocysteine is considered to be a marker of potential cardiovascular (risk factor for heart attack and stroke) disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homocysteine (761 words)

	Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid produced during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine.
		Homocysteine is either metabolized by re-methylation or via the trans-sulphuration pathway and may be affected by the availability of these nutrients.
		Again, elevated homocysteine levels are found in methionine deficiencies, and interruptions in the methylation cycle as the result of this deficiency may result in brain damage and/or neurological impairments.
	www.supplementnews.org /homocysteine (1356 words)

	Le Magazine, June 2001 - Report: Homocysteine News
		Homocysteine is also related to a host of other negative conditions including depression and a type of blindness.
		Homocysteine, SAMe and folate all link up in the methylation cycle where methionine is converted to SAMe, used for methylation, leaving homocysteine which is then converted back to methionine with enzymes that use folate.
		Serum homocysteine concentration as an indicator of survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
	www.lef.org /magazine/mag2001/june2001_report_homocysteine.html (2843 words)

	Homocysteine
		The connection between homocysteine and cardiovascular disease was suspected about 25 years ago when it was observed that people with a rare condition called homocystinuria are prone to develop severe cardiovascular disease in their teens and twenties.
		In this condition, an enzyme deficiency causes homocysteine to accumulate in the blood and to be excreted in the urine.
		Screening for elevated homocysteine levels is advisable for individuals who manifest coronary artery disease that is out of proportion to their traditional risk factors or who have a family history of premature atherosclerotic disease.
	www.quackwatch.org /03HealthPromotion/homocysteine.html (1530 words)

	Homocysteine - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		Homocysteine is an amino acid that is produced by the body, usually as a byproduct of consuming meat.
		Elevated levels of homocysteine (>10 micromoles/liter) in the blood are associated with atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) as well as an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and possibly Alzheimer's disease.
		However, it was not until the 1990's that the importance of homocysteine in heart disease and stroke was appreciated.
	www.medicinenet.com /homocysteine/article.htm (846 words)

	Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine is an intermediate metabolite of methionine metabolism and is itself metabolized by two pathways: the re-methylation pathway, which regenerates methionine, and the trans-sulfuration pathway, which degrades homocysteine into cysteine and then taurine.
		The metabolic pathways of betaine, methionine, methylcobalamin, and 5-methylTHF are interrelated, intersecting at the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine.
		Homocysteine's effects on neurotransmitter metabolism, along with its potential reduction of methylation reactions, could be a contributing factor to the etiology of depression.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/homo2-4.html (8794 words)

	homocysteine defense with betaine, tmg, alzheimers disease
		Scientists have several theories of how elevated homocysteine affects heart disease: First, a high level of homocysteine may be involved with the process called atherosclerosis, the gradual buildup of fatty substances in arteries.
		The association between homocysteine levels and dementia was still present even after the researchers accounted for various factors that could have affected the results, including age, sex, blood levels of vitamins and the presence of an Alzheimer's-linked gene type.
		Since certain B vitamins and other nutrients can reduce homocysteine levels, Loscalzo notes in an accompanying editorial, "It is intriguing to contemplate the possibility that consumption of these vitamins might prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias." This approach must be tested in clinical trials first, however, he notes.
	www.discount-vitamins-herbs.net /homocysteine.htm (1171 words)

	Homocysteine -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine (say: ho-mo-sist-een) is an amino acid (a building block of protein) that is produced in the human body.
		If your homocysteine level is greater than 12 µmol per L and you have blockages in any blood vessel, you need to lower your homocysteine.
		While no studies have shown that lowering homocysteine levels helps reduce strokes, heart attacks and other cardiovascular events, it is a good idea to lower a high homocysteine level because it is a risk for heart disease.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/249.html (640 words)

	N101 \| High Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		People with high homocysteine are typically advised to reduce their consumption of processed foods, meat, and saturated fats, because these dietary changes lower the risk of heart disease.
		Since homocysteine is produced from methionine, intake of large amounts of methionine would presumably increase homocysteine levels.
		Riboflavin supplementation (1.6 mg per day) has been shown to lower homocysteine levels by 22 to 40% in a subset of the population that has a certain genetic variant of an enzyme involved in folic acid metabolism (the 677Cà T polymorphism for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene).
	www.n101.com /HealthNotes/HNs/Concern/High_Homocysteine.htm (2524 words)

	Homocysteine
		Homocysteine testing may be most useful in checking the overall risk of heart disease for people who have a strong personal or family history of heart disease but who do not have other risk factors that can be controlled, such as smoking or high blood pressure.
		Homocysteine testing also may be useful for people who have early heart disease but who do not have known risk factors and for people who have had unexplained deep vein thrombosis.
		Homocysteine testing may be most valuable in evaluating the overall risk of heart disease for people who have a strong personal or family history of heart disease but who do not have other risk factors that can be controlled, such as smoking or high blood pressure.
	www.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/tu2008.asp (939 words)

	Homocysteine Reduction: Online References For Health Concerns
		Homocysteine level is also increased by certain pharmaceuticals, an aging metabolism, smoking, drinking too much alcohol or coffee, lack of exercise, obesity, and stress.
		Homocysteine level rises as we age, along with the incidence of diseases associated with this elevation.
		A study showed that homocysteine levels of 11.6 mmol/L were the average concentrations in patients who had central retinal vein occlusion; the average level was 9.5 mmol/L in control subjects (Vine AK 2000).
	www.lef.org /protocols/prtcl-122.shtml (2833 words)

	Heart Info - Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine is an amino acid found in blood.
		There is now considerable evidence that homocysteine may prove to be a useful marker for risk of heart attacks, since elevated levels have been detected in people with coronary artery disease.
		Since deficiency of vitamins B6 and B12 may also be associated with high homocysteine levels, increasing the amount of these vitamins in the diet is prudent.
	www.heartinfo.org /main.asp?page=ency&id=382 (549 words)

	Homocysteine
		High homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) has been implicated in a variety of clinical conditions and is widely accepted, alongside smoking, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia as being an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
		Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing amino acid and is an intermediate metabolite of methionine metabolism and is itself metabolised by two pathways, namely the trans-methylation and trans-sulphuration pathways.
		Assessing homocysteine levels can provide valuable information about not only the risk for cardiovascular disease but also many other chronic diseases.
	www.iwdl.net /homocysteine.htm (149 words)

	High Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine, a normal breakdown product of the essential amino acid methionine, is believed to exert several toxic effects.
		A growing body of evidence suggests that an elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for heart disease, independent of other known risk factors, such as elevated serum cholesterol and hypertension.
		While anger, hostility, high homocysteine, and heart disease all appear to be tied together, which of these is cause and which is effect remains somewhat unclear.
	www.calabell.com /hn/Concern/High_Homocysteine.htm (1957 words)

	homocysteine
		Homocysteine (pronounced Ho-mo-SIS-teen) is an amino acid that attacks the lining of our arteries, setting off a chain of events that often leads to heart attack or stroke.
		Likewise, researchers involved in the famous Framingham Heart Study found that people with high homocysteine levels are the most likely to suffer from dangerous narrowing of the carotid artery, the main vessel feeding blood to the brain.
		If that doesn't bring the homocysteine level down in 8 weeks, the dosage may be increase to 2 mg./day for another 8 weeks.
	www.cbass.com /HOMOCYST.HTM (1674 words)

	Homocysteine: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The metabolic intermediate homocysteine is an amino acid amino acid quick summary:
		Homocysteine is attracting attention because a high level of blood blood quick summary:
		A current area of research is whether high serum homocysteine itself is a problem, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ho/homocysteine.htm (865 words)

	Homocysteine
		Homocysteine testing has emerged from an obscure esoteric laboratory test, to one of the most important screening examinations for determining risk in atherosclerotic disease.
		Homocysteine levels were measured by immunoassay and coronary artery stenosis was determined by coronary angiography.
		Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a sensitive marker of inadequate vitamin B12 and folate status.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /labtests/homocysteine.htm (2207 words)

	Homocysteine definition - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		Levels of homocysteine as low as 12 micromoles per liter of blood plasma have been found associated with an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and venous thromboembolism (blood clots in the veins).
		The ways to bring down homocysteine are by eating less meat and by taking supplements of the B vitamins folic acid (folate), B6, and B12 that are needed by the enzymes that process homocysteine.
		It dates to 1969 when Dr. Kilmer S. McCully reported that children born with a genetic error of metabolism called homocystinuria that causes the homocysteine levels to be very high sometimes died at a very young age with advanced disease in their arteries.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13486 (654 words)

	Vitamin B12: Are You Getting It? : B12 and Chronic Disease: Homocysteine
		If homocysteine is a cause of the diseases with which it is associated, it is due to the body's prolonged exposure to homocysteine.
		Homocysteine appears to be a nerve and vessel toxin, promoting mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, Alzheimer's Disease, birth defects, recurrent pregnancy loss, and eye disorders.
		Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis.
	www.veganhealth.org /b12/hcy (4827 words)

	Homocysteine: The New "Bad Boy" of Vascular Disease
		The result: Men and women who had blood homocysteine levels over 12 micromoles per liter were more than twice as likely to have experienced a heart attack or stroke.
		She says others had found evidence that elevated homocysteine was related to Alzheimer's disease, as well as to poor cognitive function in elderly both with and without dementia.
		While they did find an association between memory loss and elevated homocysteine levels, the survey subjects in the upper half for blood folate levels appeared to be protected from memory loss even if their homocysteine levels were high.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/may02/vasc0502.htm (1163 words)

	New Fracture Risk: High Homocysteine
		Men with the highest homocysteine levels have a fourfold higher risk of bone fracture.
		Women with the highest homocysteine levels double their risk of bone fracture.
		Homocysteine might cause bone loss by interfering with the way new bone forms.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/87/99305.htm?z=1728_00000_1000_nb_02 (371 words)

	Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Homocysteine is an amino acid (a building block of protein) normally found in your body.
		Although the normal range for homocysteine is 4 to 17 micromoles per litre of blood, levels as low as 12 micromoles/litre have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
		The encouraging news about homocysteine is that certain vitamins may help lower your homocysteine level and perhaps reduce your risk for cardiovascular disease.
	www.centenarycardiology.com /Conditions/Homocysteine.htm (1144 words)

	Your Health: Trover Foundation
		We may not be sure about the exact relationship between homocysteine and heart disease risk (Read about "Heart Risks"), but a number of studies seem to indicate that there is a connection.
		The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) says high homocysteine levels are found in up to 20 percent of patients with heart disease.
		Homocysteine is an amino acid that is normally produced in the human body.
	www.stayinginshape.com /4troverfoundation/libv/h21.shtml (459 words)

	Natural MD - High Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fortunately, homocysteine levels can easily be reduced with safe and inexpensive B vitamin supplementation.
		Conventional treatment options: People with high homocysteine are typically advised to reduce their consumption of processed foods, meat, and saturated fats, because these dietary changes lower the risk of heart disease.
		Dietary changes that may be helpful: Since homocysteine is produced from methionine, intake of large amounts of methionine would presumably increase homocysteine levels.
	www.naturalmd.com /NaturalMD/content/Concern/High_Homocysteine.html (1892 words)

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