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Topic: Homogeneity (physics)

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	Physics Today November 2001
		For physics to flourish and enter the new era with renewed vigor, the physics community must be sensitive to these changes and respond effectively to society's needs, in particular the needs for a scientifically literate populace and for a strong defense.
		The Physics Survey Overview Committee believes that to support strong economic growth and provide essential tools and methods for the biomedical sciences in the decade ahead, the federal investment in basic physics research relative to GDP should be restored to the levels of the early 1980s.
		Physics departments should review and revise their curricula to ensure that they are engaging and effective for a wide range of students and that they make connections to other important areas of science and technology.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-11/p34.html (3887 words)

	Emory Physics \| Class Information
		Physics 141 and 142 are appropriate courses to satisfy a one-year physics requirement of various professional schools.
		Physics 151 and 152 are strongly recommended for students who contemplate the completion of a B.S. degree in physics or mathematics, or who plan to pursue graduate studies in the sciences or engineering.
		Physics 365, and Physics 320 or the equivalent, or consent of instructor.
	www.physics.emory.edu /class/2004spring.html (1830 words)

	Does the homogeneity coefficient vary with the energy of a x-ray beam (kVp)
		Subject: Does the homogeneity coefficient vary with the energy of a x-ray beam (kVp)
		Ie, is the homogeneous coefficient of the 80kV beam different to that of the 100kV beam?
		Re: Does the homogeneity coefficient vary with the energy of a x-ray beam (kVp)
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/feb2001/983897302.Ph.q.html (114 words)

	THE LEGEND OF COSMOLOGICAL HOMOGENEITY
		The envisioned cosmological homogeneity is not a virtually perfect homogeneity such as is found in a pure quartz crystal, but rather is a statistical homogeneity, which becomes more perfect as you increase the size of the observed volume.
		In astrophysics, one basic way to test for the presence of a homogeneous large-scale distribution of matter is to to check one vast volume for an even distribution of matter, radiation or motion.
		The first serious challenge to the assumption of cosmological homogeneity came in the latter half of the 1920s when astronomers confirmed that stars were not homogeneously distributed, but rather were amassed in huge "island universes" which we now call galaxies.
	www.amherst.edu /~rlolders/LOCH.HTM (2518 words)

	Physics Today September 2000
		The physical processes involved in determining the amount of light lost as a signal propagates in an optical fiber are illustrated in figure 1.
		Although the purity and homogeneity of the fiber are carefully controlled during the manufacturing process, the glass is disordered by its nature.
		According to the same physics, the sky is blue away from the sun (short, blue wavelengths are most strongly scattered) and the sunset is red near the sun (long, red wavelengths are most weakly scattered).
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-9/p30.html (5213 words)

	Magnetic Resonance TIP - MRI Database : 'Inhomogeneity'
		Inhomogeneity is the degree of lack of homogeneity, for example the fractional deviation of the local magnetic field from the average value of the field.
		A disturbance of the field homogeneity, because of magnetic material (inside or outside the patient), technical problems or scanning at the edge of the field.
		When images were obtained in a progression from the center to the edge of the coil, the homogeneity of the field observed by the imaged volume, changes when the distance from the center of the volume increase.
	www.mr-tip.com /serv1.php?type=db1&dbs=Inhomogeneity (920 words)

	Why Many Undergraduate Physics Programs Are Good but Few Are Great - Physics Today September 2003
		Instead, we note that amidst the general decline, some physics departments continued to produce a large number of undergraduate majors in comparison to the typical values (see the table on page 40) for departments in institutions similar in size and degrees granted.
		To identify thriving physics departments, the task force first studied the AIP statistics on bachelor's degrees awarded over the past several years, looking either for large numbers that had been sustained for many years or for numbers that increased dramatically in the late 1990s.
		The task force is currently seeking funding for consulting visits to physics departments that want to revitalize their undergraduate physics programs and for a series of regional workshops for physics departments that want to develop strategic plans for their undergraduate programs.
	www.physicstoday.org /vol-56/iss-9/p38.html (4417 words)

	3rd year course information
		In principle all physics in such systems is described by Newton's laws, but systems are so complex that direct application of the laws is practically impossible.
		For example it is demonstrated that conservation of energy is related to homogeneity of time and conservation of momentum is related to homogeneity of space.
		The concept of the gauge invariance is the central one in modern physics.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /2nd_and_3rd_syllabi/phys3510.htm (329 words)

	No Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Actually, it is the key point to recognize in a given geometric setting what should be the measurement of homogeneity.
		It seems not yet completely clear as to what should be the most fundamental measurement for the homogeneity of a geometric knot within its isotopy class.
		One of the purposes of this article is then to argue that such measurements of homogeneity satisfying the criteria set forth in the foundational paper of Freedman, He and Wang [6] may not be unique.
	math.ucr.edu /~xl/cv-html/chaos-abs/chaos-abs.html (588 words)

	IV. Localism, Homogeneity, and Networks
		In "The Work/Energy Crisis" (Caffentzis, 1980), this was expressed metaphorically via physics: increased homogeneity (uniformity, lack of difference) in the working class produces entropy in the capitalist system, resulting in the eventual death of capitalism.
		On the one side (not explored here) is the problem of cultural homogeneity produced by capital via such things as mass media on a world scale: the production of an undifferentiated proletarian cultural lump as homogeneity used by capital against the working class.
		It could be, to return to the physics model, that the working class itself needs variety in order to prevent entropy within the class.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/3843/monty4.html (3219 words)

	PFE Goals
		The research of Rosser (1990) and Seymour and Hewitt (1997) suggests that one way to make introductory physics more welcoming to women and members of minority groups is to broaden the context in which we set the ideas—to include more discussion of social and economic contributions, or the applications of physic to solving environmental problems.
		Physicists believe that the laws of physics are universally applicable, but the situations to which we apply them reflect our interests—because most physicists are men, the physics curriculum has been developed primarily, though not deliberately, to interest male students.
		The emphasis on the “grand ideas” of physics is attractive to traditional students, but we may attract more non-traditional students by emphasizing the applications of physics to social and environmental problems.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /dept/pc/RepresentativePhy/Pages/goals.htm (469 words)

	Talk:Homogeneity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merging this article with "Invariant (physics)" has been proposed.
		I think there is some potential for a full article on the general subject.
		But I would hope to also keep this page, to simply define the word for quick reference from physics topics that use it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Homogeneity (101 words)

	Physics!
		Furthermore, by abandoning the easel, the horizontal canvas became a physical terrain to be traversed, and his approach from all four sides replicated the isotropy and homogeneity of many natural patterns.
		Based on the physical range of his body motions and the canvas size, his Levy flights over the canvas are expected to cover the approximate length scales 1cm < L < 2.5m.
		Furthermore, a survey of fractals measured in physical systems indicates that the average range over which fractals are observed is approximately one order of magnitude [13].
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /PHYSICS_!/FRACTAL_EXPRESSIONISM/fractal_taylor.html (2197 words)

	Inflationary Cosmology: Big Bang Physics
		By applying it to a homogeneous, expanding medium at high temperature we can predict what relative abundances of different elements should have emerged when these nuclei were formed in the early universe.
		Since we can't describe physics at densities higher than the Planck density, the best we can do in using the big bang model to describe the very early universe is the following: At some point in the past the density of the universe was above the Planck density.
		Our current theories of particle physics predict that in the hot, dense conditions that existed before inflation and even during its early stages various kinds of particles would be produced that we don't observe.
	www.ncsu.edu /felder-public/kenny/papers/inflation.html (6291 words)

	Press Release: The 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics
		The work of the Laureates in Physics has led to a dramatic development in the field of atomic precision spectroscopy in recent years.
		The homogeneity is a serious problem, however, and new techniques had to be invented to increase precision.
		An interference pattern then appears, with a sharpness that depends on the distance between the two oscillatory fields but is independent of the degree of homogeneity of the magnetic field between them.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1989/press.html (1409 words)

	The Physics Department's Largest Laboratory: The Universe
		The exciting prospects of cosmology are being recognized by physics departments and funding agencies around the world, as higher priorities and levels of resources are being assigned to the field.
		Of course, the homogeneity is not perfect due to the perturbations, which give small spatially varying corrections to the temperature (at the 0.001 percent level).
		Still, the inferred homogeneity allows us to construct a remarkably simple model of the universe, the standard Big Bang model, in which the universe is an expanding body in nearly perfect local thermal equilibrium for most periods of its history.
	www.physics.ucdavis.edu /Cosmology/Newsletter/albrecht-article.htm (2503 words)

	:: View topic - Must the Lorentz Transformation Equations be Linear?
		There is nothing in the assumption of spatial homogeneity that disallows arbitrary coordinate systems and nonlinear transformations between different inertial frames of reference.
		Homogeneity and isotropy require the form of the equations of motion to have no explicit dependence on the coordinates.
		You say that the laws of physics do not demand that clocks be synchronized but just as soon as I introduce a desynchronization scheme you start whining and complaining that I'm upsetting the laws of physics.
	www.everythingimportant.org /viewtopic.php?t=221 (2030 words)

	Physics
		Particle physics, at the level of this text, is usually taught in the second year of graduate study, following advanced quantum mechanics, and often during the same year as a field theory class.
		It is devoted to the discussion of such anomaly in physically relevant situations involving Dirac-like operators, the interacting case in the one-loop approximation — in particular for 0(2) models— and the free charged bosonic model at finite temperature.
		In fact it can be shown that within the Big Bang theory the homogeneity of the Universe cannot be the result of, say, its various parts mixing together, until their temperature and other properties became the same.
	www.wordtrade.com /themes/physics2.htm (6265 words)

	Introduction to MRI Physics, Page 9
		If nothing is affecting the homogeneity of the magnetic field all of the protons will be spinning at the same resonance frequency.
		The initial amplitude of the signal is determined by the portion of the magnetization vector (Mø) that has been tipped onto the XY plane.
		In reality, there are many factors creating imperfections in the homogeneity of a magnetic field.
	www.simplyphysics.com /page2_9.html (298 words)

	Fall 1999 Meeting at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Students enrolling in introductory level physics classes may be ill-equipped in mathematics and reasoning skills; however, teaching these skills outside the context of physics may not be the best way to tackle the problem.
		Lessons learned from physics education research (PER) have been recently applied to the calculus-based introductory physics curriculum at the University of Illinois, and are now being applied to the algebra-based sequence.
		Physics has a lot in common with the fine arts (both are humanistic, both have aesthetic appeal, etc.).
	helios.augustana.edu /isaapt/s2000/program.html (3652 words)

	Linear - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In physics, linearity is a property of the differential equations governing a lot of systems (like, for instance Maxwell equations or the diffusion equation).
		Namely, linearity of a differential equation means that if two functions f and g are solution of the equation, then their sum f+g is also a solution of the equation.
		In electronics, the linear operating region of a transistor is where the collector-emitter current is related to the base current by a simple scale factor, enabling the transistor to be use as an amplifier that preserves the fidelity of audio signals.
	www.vacilando.org /_cliextra/baghdadmuseumorg/includepage.php?title=Linear&action=edit (499 words)

	Symmetries and constants of motion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		If the laws of physics are the same everywhere, then the general formalism describing the properties of the system is invariant under the translation.
		Assume that the basic laws of physics are the same in all directions.
		Properties of an isolated physical system do not vary when it is rotated as a whole in any manner in space.
	electron6.phys.utk.edu /qm1/modules/m12/symmetry.htm (861 words)

	UCSB Physics: Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
		In particular, quantum fluctuations in the geometry of space and time are likely at a sufficiently early epoch and therefore theories of the initial condition must be framed within a quantum theory of gravity.
		On the largest scales it attempts to explain the approximate homogeneity and isotropy of the matter and radiation distributions, the approximate flatness of the spatialgeometry universe, and the origin of the density fluctuations that were the seeds of galaxies.
		On more familiar scales, the initial condition may explain the approximate validity of classical physics over most of the history of the universe and the homogeneity of the thermodynamic arrow of time.
	www.physics.ucsb.edu /Research/activities/rqc.php3 (543 words)

	Amazon.com: Principles of Physical Cosmology: Books: Phillip James Edwin Peebles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In this overview of today's physical cosmology, P.J.E. Peebles shows how observation has combined with theoretical elements to establish the subject as a mature science, while he also discusses the most notable recent attempts to understand the origin and structure of the universe.
		The second, on the cosmological tests that measure the geometry of spacetime, discusses general relativity theory as the basis for the tests, and then surveys the broad variety of ways the tests can be applied with the new generations of telescopes and detectors.
		Physical cosmology is the attempt to make sense of the large-scale nature of the material world around us, by the methods of the natural sciences.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691019339?v=glance (999 words)

	"Fourier--the Father of Modern Engineering," ME Online Web Exclusive, Aug. 9, 2005
		Fourier's contemporaries accepted his revolutionary view of homogeneity, not because he had demonstrated its scientific rigor, but solely because he was able to solve many practical and theoretical problems that had never been solved.
		Some time after the publication of Ohm's treatise, his law was transformed to a homogeneous equation in the manner pioneered by Fourier—by stating that the constant of proportionality between E and I is in fact a parameter that is numerically equal and dimensionally identical to the ratio E/I.
		Hooke's law was transformed to a homogeneous equation in the manner pioneered by Fourier—by stating that the proportionality constant between stress and strain is in fact a parameter that is numerically equal and dimensionally identical to the ratio stress/strain.
	www.memagazine.org /contents/current/webonly/wex80905.html (3446 words)

	Faculty « Physics Department
		At the same time, as these theories seek to address the aesthetic challenges of the particle theorist, they must also, at least in principle, be able to explain all phenomena, from the behavior of nuclei and atoms to the evolution of the observed universe.
		This means that the physics of the Standard Model and its extensions will govern the behavior of complex systems --- be they crystals of salt, clouds, stars, fl holes, galaxies, or the entire universe --- and the behavior of these systems will be affected by any new fundamental phenomena which are incorporated in these models.
		This offers us the possibility both of using these systems to explore and test the speculations that we make about fundamental physical theories, and of explaining those aspects of these systems which were not previously understood or of predicting new previously unexpected behavior.
	www.phys.cwru.edu /faculty/index.php?starkman (619 words)

	Inconsistency in Einstein’s central equation of derivation of E=mc2
		It is the inherent requirement that an equation must obey the principle of dimensional homogeneity [3-4] but it is not so in case of eq.(1) under this particular condition.
		Thus results from eq.(1) are contradictory to the basic identity of algebra; and in addition, the result is not consistent with dimensional homogeneity.
		The basic principle of conservation of mass and energy should not be based upon an equation which is full of limitations e.
	www.wbabin.net /ajay/sharma8.htm (1070 words)

	WebExhibits Catalogue - Search results
		Physics behind baseball by seeing what makes a home run, finding out whether you can hit a 90-mph fast ball and participating in other activities.
		He is best known as a founder of quantum mechanics, the new physics of the atomic world, and especially for the uncertainty principle in quantum theory.
		Includes a quick overview of the relevant physical sciences - magnetism, ions and electrons, plasmas etc. - and also includes tidbits of history, accessible by a "history button" at the ends of many sections.
	webexhibits.org /dir/e/c/c (1081 words)

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