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Topic: Homograph

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List of Homographs

	Homograph - Glossary Definition - UsingEnglish.com
		Homographs are words that are written the same way but have different meanings and often different pronunciations:
		These are different words with different pronunciations although they are written the same way.
		Browse the following links to other content related to 'Homograph' from the 'Spelling and Punctuation' grammar category:
	www.usingenglish.com /glossary/homograph.html (126 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Homonym (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A homograph is a homonym in which two or more meanings share the same spelling.
		Homographs are defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as words that are spelled and pronounced the same as another but with a different meaning, thus excluding pairs such as desert (abandon) and desert (arid region).
		Homograph is sometimes used in typography as a synonym for homoglyph, and heteronym has a specialised meaning in poetry – see Heteronym (literature).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Homonym (1789 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Homonymy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There is a fish called a fluke, a part of a whale called a fluke and a stroke of luck called a fluke, but these are three separate lexemes with separate etymologies that all happen to share one form.
		In some accents, various sounds have merged in that they are no longer distinctive, and thus words that differ only by those sounds in an accent that maintains the distinction (a minimal pair) are homophonous in the accent with the merger.
		Homograph disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, but otherwise, homonyms are mostly curiosities, of limited linguistic interest compared to the strong functional roles of antonyms and synonyms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Homonymy (422 words)

	IDN homograph attack - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It has been proposed that this article or section be merged with Homograph spoofing attack.
		The internationalized domain name (IDN) homograph attack is a means by which a malicious party may seek to deceive computer users about what remote system they are communicating with, by exploiting the fact that many different characters may have nearly (or wholly) indistinguishable glyphs.
		Fortunately, there are few homographs within the very limited ASCII character set used for domain names.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/IDN_homograph_attack (587 words)

	Homograph filter for speech synthesis system - Patent 6098042
		For example, if the homograph is preceded by a version of the verb "to have", or by "he", "she", or "it", then the homograph is being used as a past participle.
		For example, if the homograph is followed by a word which is not an adverb or a personal pronoun and that word is followed by some form of the verb "to be" or "to have" or "to do" or a form an auxiliary word, then the homograph is probably being used as an adjective.
		If the homograph is at the start of a sentence or followed by a carriage return or followed by a new line and is not followed by punctuation and does not end in "s", then the homograph is probably being used as a verb.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6098042.html (11179 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Homographs may be pronounced the same, in which case they are also homophones – for example, bark (the sound of a dog) and bark (the skin of a tree).
		Homophones may be spelled the same (in which case they are also homographs) or spelled differently (in which case they are heterographs).
		The entry for homonym in The Encyclopaedia Britannica (14th Edition) states that homographs are "words spelt but not sounded alike", and homophones are "words alike only in sound not alike in spelling" (italics and comment added).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=homonym (1049 words)

	ICANN \| ICANN Statement on IDN Homograph Attacks and Request for Public Comment
		The Internet community recognises that homograph domain name and URI spoofing is a problem that pre-exists the adoption of IDN implementation standards, but increasing the total number of characters available for domain names inevitably increases the opportunities for character confusion and spoofing.
		While the recent publicising of the IDN-based homograph attack potential has brought this issue to wider public attention, the possibilities of the expansion of homograph exploits has been a topic of research and discussion within the ICANN community since before the adoption of IDN standards.
		ICANN calls for views and positions regarding both homograph vulnerability, which is not unique to IDNs, and the proposed countermeasures, which include having browser support for IDNs turned off by default, while at the same time not protecting against older forms of URI and domain name abuse.
	www.icann.org /announcements/announcement-23feb05.htm (374 words)

	Text To Speech
		The next stage of text-to-speech is called "homograph disambiguation." Often it’s not a stage by itself, but is combined into the text normalization or pronunciation components.
		A "homograph" is a word with the same text as another word, but with a different pronunciation.
		Once the homographs have been disambiguated, the words are sent to the next stage to be pronounced.
	project.uet.itgo.com /textto1.htm (2140 words)

	How to Use Roget’s II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition. 1995
		A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but that differs in meaning and origin.
		Homographs are signaled by superscript numerals following the words to which they refer.
		Homograph numbers are used in main entries, synonym lists, and cross-references:
	www.bartleby.com /62/11.html (1180 words)

	Pierre Thérouanne - Homograph processing
		Contextual constraints on the processing of homophonic homographs were investigated in a series of lexical decision experiments.
		Main results show a (a) both meanings are activated in all contexts and (b) context dependant-access in dominant context and an exhaustive access in subordinate and neutral contexts.
		Reaction times were shorter on homographs than on unambiguous control words whatever the nature of the context word.
	www.unice.fr /lpeq/pagesperso/therouanne/psychonomics2000.htm (163 words)

	Homograph Indicators
		Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings.
		In some databases, such as the Targums from the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, the homograph indicators in the Bible text will exactly match the homograph numbers in a lexicon where the lexicon is part of the same dataset.
		Because homograph indicators are tied to one database, they are not a cure-all solution for linking into the correct lexicon entries.
	www.logos.com /training/homographindicators (1000 words)

	Pierre Thérouanne - Thesis
		The aim of the present thesis is to determine homograph representation in memory.
		The first contrasts the assumption of a distinct lexical entry for each meaning of a homograph with the assumption of a common entry for all meanings.
		Response times were shorter on homographs than on unambiguous word and were not slowed down when the context was related to the subordinate meaning.
	www.unice.fr /lpeq/pagesperso/therouanne/these_en.htm (269 words)

	ICANN Issues Statement on IDN Homograph Attacks
		Homograph domain name spoofing works by exploiting the visual resemblance, or near resemblance of certain characters and symbols.
		The Internet community recognises that homograph domain name and URI spoofing is a problem that pre-exists the adoption of IDN implementation standards, but increasing the total number of characters available for domain names inevitably increases the opportunities for character confusion and spoofing.
		ICANN is concerned about the potential exacerbation of homograph domain name spoofing as IDNs become more widespread, and is equally concerned about the implementation of countermeasures that may unnecessarily restrict the use and availability of IDNs.
	www.webhosting.info /news/1/icann-issues-statement-on-idn-homograph-attacks_0504054552.htm (347 words)

	Hebrew Homographs and Logos
		Homographs – One of two or more words that have the same spelling (whether or not they are pronounced the same) but differ in meaning such as wind (air current) and wind (to twist or wrap) or fair (pleasing in appearance) and fair (market).
		The reader simply reads several lexicon entries and determines from the context and the information in the articles which homograph is being used in the instance under study.
		These homograph numbers are incredibly useful for searching purposes, but insufficient to resolve all the issues involved in getting to the right word in a lexicon.
	www.logos.com /support/lbs/hebrewhomographs (1154 words)

	Craven's Haven - Mark and Katie's homograph page
		A homograph is a word that has different pronuciations and definitions, but is spelled the same (homo=same, graph=write).
		"Homographs are those words which have one spelling but two pronunciations and two distinct meanings or usages.
		A classic case would be a word like wound, which as a noun means injury and with a different pronunciation is the past tense of the verb wind, itself a homograph.
	markandkatiecraven.home.att.net /homograph.htm (446 words)

	Homonym
		A homograph is a word that has the same spelling as another word, but a different meaning.
		For example, the homographs desert (abandon) and desert (arid region) are heteronyms (pronounced differently), but mean (intend) and mean (average) are not (Ie.
		Homograph disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, natural language processing and other fields.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Dhomonym%26type%3Den (940 words)

	Ada 95 RM - 8.3 Visibility
		Two declarations are homographs if they have the same defining name, and, if both are overloadable, their profiles are type conformant.
		An explicit declaration is illegal if there is a homograph occurring immediately within the same declarative region that is visible at the place of the declaration, and is not hidden from all visibility by the explicit declaration.
		Similarly, the context_clause for a subunit is illegal if it mentions (in a with_clause) some library unit, and there is a homograph of the library unit that is visible at the place of the corresponding stub, and the homograph and the mentioned library unit are both declared immediately within the same declarative region.
	www.csupomona.edu /reference/ada/rm95html-1.0/rm9x-08-03.html (1127 words)

	Time_LessonDesign.html
		Homographs are words with the same spelling but different meanings and pronunciations.
		Students will demonstrate their understanding of homographs by writing and illustrating a sentence that uses a homograph.
		Students use assigned homograph to write a sentence or sentences showing the two different meanings of the word.
	www.gi.esu10.k12.ne.us /Technology/T.I.E./Johnson/Homographs/Homographs_LessonDesign.html (352 words)

	Visibility
		{homograph} Two declarations are homographs if they have the same defining name, and, if both are overloadable, their profiles are type conformant.
		If more than one such homograph remains that is not thus overridden, then they are all hidden from all visibility.
		The hidden-from-all-visibility homographs are still inherited by further derivations, which avoids order-of-declaration dependencies and other anomalies.
	www.adaic.org /standards/05aarm/html/AA-8-3.html (3622 words)

	Experts: International domain names may pose threat
		The new trick is a variation of a known technique called the "homograph attack" and takes advantage of loopholes in the way some popular Web browsers display domain names that use non-English characters.
		The warning was published after a demonstration of the new kind of homograph attacks at ShmooCon, a hacker convention in Washington.
		Homograph attacks are a well-known trick in which character resemblance, for example, between the letter "O" and the number "0," is used to fool users into thinking that a bogus Web site actually belongs to a legitimate company.
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/2005/0,4814,99613,00.html (668 words)

	gmane.ietf.idn
		If nameprep2 bans the slash homograph, then there is no way for any community to use it in a domain name, even if that domain name appears in a context where slash means nothing.
		On second thought, the "." homograph attack is less severe than the "/" homograph attack.
		The former only allows the attacker to spoof names in the same domain that the attacker is registered in; therefore new registrants can protect themselves from this attack by registering in a domain with reasonable admission policies.
	blog.gmane.org /gmane.ietf.idn/page=2 (1906 words)

	Homograph Disambiguation in Text-to-speech Synthesis - Yarowsky (ResearchIndex)
		In order to build decision lists the training examples are processed to extract the features (each feature corresponds to a kind of...
		0.3: Stem Homograph Inhibition and Stem Allomorphy: Representing..
		29 Noun homograph disambiguation using local context in large t..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /yarowsky97homograph.html (654 words)

	Hacking for Christ: A Plan For Scams
		You recommend treating homographic domains as a block, but there doesn't seem to be a list anywhere of what the homographs are.
		Then homograph domains could be registered (with bad registrars etc) but they would never resolve.
		I mean that homograph domains would always resolve to the canonical folding, not the fake domain, via a patch to BIND and friends.
	weblogs.mozillazine.org /gerv/archives/007569.html (1223 words)

	Homograph
		Homograph: exploring protein homology and orthology in whole genomes
		Homograph is an X-windows graphical interface for visualizing protein homology and orthology in whole genomes.
		A dot-plot is used to represent every pair of proteins that pass a certain threshold of similarity.
	www.ibt.unam.mx /biocomputo/homograph.html (287 words)

	Homograph \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another but has a different meaning.Homograph may refer to:Homonym, (along with homophone) words that are spelt alike but differ in meaningHomoglyph, a typographical term with a similar meaning
		homograph, word which has the identical written form as another word but differs in sound meaning and origin
		two words are homographs if they are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (e.g.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Homograph (108 words)

	[No title]
		The state of homograph attacks Rev 1.1 I.
		Description In December 2001, a paper was released describing Homograph attacks [1].
		Timeline 2002 - Original paper published on homograph attacks 2002-2005 - Verisign pushes IDN, and browsers start adding support for it Jan 19, 2005 - Vendors notified of vulnerability Feb 6, 2005 - Public disclosure @shmoocon 2005 Feb 11, 2005 - Update to advisory IX.
	www.shmoo.com /idn/homograph.txt (986 words)

	Re: [idn] homograph attacks
		StringPrep and NamePrep are great, but I wonder if it might be good to take their ideas one step further to solve the IDN spoofing problem.
		to "normalize" the homographs by mapping the similar-looking characters to "base" characters.
		A registration can be blocked not only because it violates static rules, but also because it is (or could be) a homograph for a different, already registered, label.
	www.imc.org /idn/mail-archive/msg07790.html (118 words)

	The state of homograph attacks - dslreports.com
		I thought these "homographs" were called "entity references".
		"Homograph" refers to the fact that the regular word and the entity reference URL appear to have the same spelling.
		It's not merely that the URL uses alternate character sets; it's that a spoof is possible based on the appearance.
	www.dslreports.com /forum/remark,12603456~mode=flat~start=20 (763 words)

	Re: [Full-Disclosure] state of homograph attacks
		Pasting the given URL into vi doesn't show the problem, but view page source (which brings up the page in KWrite) and "od -xc" do expose the attack.
		Cheers, Simon --- fulldisclosure@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx wrote: > The state of homograph attacks > > I. Background > > International Domain Name [IDN] support in modern > browsers allows > attackers to spoof domain name URLs + SSL certs.
		Description > > In December 2001, a paper was released describing > Homograph attacks [1].
	www.st.ryukoku.ac.jp /%7Ekjm/security/ml-archive/full-disclosure/2005.02/msg00116.html (755 words)

	The Logos Edition of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
		Homograph numbers distinguish between different words that are spelled the same.
		So now, by default, when selecting a lexical form for Speed Searching, or running reports such as the Bible Word Study, you will only get hits for the same word you ran the report on, not other words that happen to be spelled the same.
		Homograph numbers can also be used in the Morphological Bible Search and other search dialogs.
	www.logos.com /training/bhs (1196 words)

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