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Topic: Homologous

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	Definition of homologous - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Greek homologos agreeing, from hom- + legein to say — more at legend
		Learn more about "homologous" and related topics at Britannica.com
		See a map of "homologous" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=homologous (31 words)

	Primer on Finding Homologous Proteins or Genes
		Looking for proteins homologous to a known protein sequence is one of the most intensively studied areas in computational biology, and there are many algorithms and programs available.
		Identifying all sequences homologous to a single known sequence involves several cycles of specifying a query, followed by searching the database for additional members of the family of homologous proteins.
		After the homologous sequences have been aligned the next step should be to use the alignment to create a sequence Profile.
	www.psc.edu /research/biomed/homologous/primer.html (1360 words)

	Engelward lab
		Homologous recombination is a critical DNA repair pathway in normal somatic cells, functioning to help repair breaks and gaps that arise during DNA replication (Figure 1).
		Homologous recombination is critical during S phase, when it is used for repairing broken replication forks and daughter strand gaps.
		Although generally accurate, there is a finite risk of misalignment during homologous recombination, and this can promote tumorigenic sequence rearrangements (e.g., deletions and insertions) and contribute to loss of heterozygosity (caused by replacement of the sequence on one homologous chromosome with sequences from the other homologous chromosome).
	web.mit.edu /engelward-lab/hr_intro.htm (523 words)

	How can homologous chromosomes be identified? - BlurtIt
		Homologous chromosomes are the same size and have the same pattern of banding and it is possible to sort the individual chromosome images so that the homologous chromosomes are paired up.
		Homologous chromosomes are defined as the chromosomes in a biological cell which pair or synapse during the process of meiosis.
		Two homologous chromosomes may have genes which encode the colour (or colours) of the eyes, but one of the homologous chromosomes may code for a brown eye colour and the other homologous chromosome may code for a blue eye colour.
	www.blurtit.com /q160645.html (493 words)

	Spontaneous Homologous Recombination Is Induced by Collapsed Replication Forks That Are Caused by Endogenous DNA ...
		for spontaneous homologous recombination in a mammalian fibroblast
		spontaneous substrates for homologous recombination in a mammalian
		Homologous recombination is induced by an I-SceI-induced DSB, thymidine, and camptothecin.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/25/16/7158 (6626 words)

	HOBACGEN
		HOBACGEN is a database system that contains all the protein sequences of bacteria organized into families.
		It allows one to select sets of homologous genes from bacterial species and to visualize multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees.
		Homologous proteins are classified into families and multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees are computed for each family.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=Homologous&bdcr=1&bdcu=http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/databases/hobacgen.html&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-6D21DC93-6972-57F4-EC49-4052BCFA0417-ym (550 words)

	Barnyard 101: An Introduction to Transgenic Farm Animals
		Homologous in this case means that you replace a gene with a different gene for the same kind of function, located in the same place on the organismís genome.
		The challenge of harnessing homologous recombination is to get not random insertion but rather a specific exchange, where the donor gene is exchanged for and displaces the homologous existing resident gene.
		That means that cells with homologous recombination resist both G418 because they have neo and Gancyclovir because the cells lack TK gene.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/BA/casestudy4.html (2561 words)

	Homologous chromosome Summary
		In humans, for example, there are 46 chromosomes—23 homologous pairs of chromosomes in females and 22 homologous pairs in males (males have X+Y chromosomes which are not homologous but females have two X chromosomes which are homologous).
		Only females, however, have homologous sex chromosomes; males have X+Y. Homologous chromosomes are similar in length, except for sex chromosomes in several taxa, wherein the X chromosome is considerably larger than the Y chromosome.
		Homologous chromosomes are not to be confused with sister chromatids, the exactly identical chromosomes that are found separating during mitosis or meiosis II.
	www.bookrags.com /Homologous_chromosome (702 words)

	Homolgous Recombination & Knockout Mouse
		So cells undergoing homologous recombination are grown in antibiotic to select for recombination and gancyclovir to kill any cells that successfully conducted non-homologous recombination.
		This is usually accomplished by using homologous recombination to replace one allele followed by two or more generations of selective breeding until an breeing pair are isolated that have both alleles of the targeted gene inactivaated or knocked out.
		This embryo is from a strain of mice with gray fur.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/genomics/method/homolrecomb.html (1036 words)

	Ecology: Environment Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Relationships are determined from shared homologous structures between groups of organisms.
		Homologous structures are those that have the same evolutionary origin but may or may not have similar functions—for example, the forelimb bones of vertebrates: bat wings, human arms, whale fins, and the foreleg of a horse.
		The bones of this fish are homologous to the limb bones of all terrestrial vertebrates.
	www.saturdaze.net /prv/bio12203.htm (151 words)

	Cellectis : Homologous recombination
		Homologous recombination has significantly contributed to genome engineering, because it is the basis of homologous gene targeting.
		In classical homologous gene targeting, a fragment homologous to the locus to be modified is transfected in the cell.
		This is not the case in a limited number of organisms and cell types where homologous integration is predominant: the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae, the moss Physcomitrella patens, the avian DT40 lymphoid cell line, and a few modified or mutant Escherichia coli strains expressing recombination protein from the lambda phage or Rac prophage.
	www.cellectis.com /homologous.html (470 words)

	CBER - Human Bone Allograft: Manipulation and Homologous Use in Spine and Other Orthopedic Reconstruction and Repair
		So, homologous use means the use of the human cell or tissue for replacement or supplementation and for structural tissue occurs when the tissue is used for the same basic function that it fulfills in its native state.
		We recommend that homologous use and minimally manipulated criteria for determining whether a human cellular and tissue-based product is subject to regulation as a medical device or as a tissue be eliminated.
		Homologous use, we went over that, and it is in the same native state, in a location where structural function normally occurs.
	www.fda.gov /cber/minutes/opm080200.htm (17307 words)

	Homologous competitive binding curves
		Since homologous competition curves are best performed with low concentrations of radioligand, it may be difficult to comply with this assumption.
		The IC in a homologous binding experiment is the concentration of [Cold] that reduces specific binding of labeled ligand by 50%.
		The IC is nearly meaningless in a homologous binding curve with ligand depletion.
	www.graphpad.com /curvefit/homologous_.htm (2542 words)

	Homologous competitive binding curves
		Since homologous competition curves are best performed with low concentrations of radioligand, it may be difficult to comply with this assumption.
		The IC in a homologous binding experiment is the concentration of [Cold] that reduces specific binding of labeled ligand by 50%.
		The IC is nearly meaningless in a homologous binding curve with ligand depletion.
	www.curvefit.com /homologous_.htm (2542 words)

	Homologous Recombination (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Homologous recombination occurs between two homologous DNA molecules.
		Due to significant sequence homology, the repetitive sequence region of a chromatid may not line up exactly with its corresponding region in a homologous chromatid or identical sister chromatid.
		This may result in unequal crossover, which is thought to be the major mechanism underlying VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats).
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch8D1.htm (161 words)

	Homologous genetic recombination as an intrinsic dynamic property of a DNA structure induced by RecA/Rad51-family ...
		Homologous genetic recombination as an intrinsic dynamic property of a DNA structure induced by RecA/Rad51-family proteins: A possible advantage of DNA over RNA as genomic material -- Shibata et al.
		strand and the homologous single-strand of the heteroduplex, and
		Homologous recombination would be more efficient for evolution than random mutagenesis or nonhomologous recombination.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/15/8425 (5926 words)

	Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Meiosis
		Homologs look alike; they have the same length and centromere position, and have a similar banding pattern (i.e., karyotype).
		One member of each homologous pair is inherited from either the male or female parent; one member of each homologous pair is placed in each sperm or egg.
		This pairing of homologous chromosomes is a necessary part of meiosis and explains why different species can not produce viable offspring, e.g.
	www.ualr.edu /botany/meiosis.html (1100 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Projects: Partner Choice in Homologous Recombination: Sister Chromatid Repair, LOH, and Translocations
		By definition, homologous repair of damaged DNA requires a homologous sequence that can serve as the template for repair.
		For example, when homologs recombine, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) can result, in which information from one parental chromosome is replaced by information from the other parental chromosome.
		We are currently determining the extent of LOH that occurs when homologs recombine and how frequently homolog recombination is associated with crossing-over.
	www.mskcc.org /mskcc/html/10575.cfm (362 words)

	Chromosome Pairing Does Not Contribute to Nuclear Architecture in Vegetative Yeast Cells -- Lorenz et al. 2 (5): 856 -- ...
		of homologous chromosomes in the vegetative nuclei of diploid
		Examples of FISH signals in semispread diploid yeast interphase nuclei which were used to determine the relative positions of chromosomal regions by measuring the two homologous (solid lines in panel a) and four homologous (broken lines in panel a) distances (see also reference 50).
		For each nucleus, the two homologous distances and the four nonhomologous distances were averaged and then ranked according to increasing values irrespective of their affiliation to a particular nucleus.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/2/5/856 (6799 words)

	homologous - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Genes on homologous chromosomes may not have the same form, however.
		For example, one chromosome in a pair of homologous chromosomes may contain a gene for brown eyes, and the other a gene for blue eyes.
		Human females have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (including the two X chromosomes), while human males have 22 because the Y chromosome is not paired.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/homologous (667 words)

	homologous series
		Members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
		All the members of a homologous series have same chemical properties due to same functional group.
		Physical properties of the members of a homologous series vary with the increase in atomic weight.
	www.citycollegiate.com /homologous_seriesIX.htm (194 words)

	Evolution and Systematics, p. 2
		Homologous characters share common ancestry (Figure 4 and Table 1), and for this reason they are useful in reconstructing phylogeny.
		However, they are homologous as forearms, because they evolved in each case from the front limbs.
		Hair is homologous among all mammals, shared by common ancestry, so it is not a deceptive, homoplastic character that we would automatically avoid using.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /education/events/carlson2.html (1394 words)

	Homology Search and Choice of Homologous Partner during Mitotic Recombination -- Inbar and Kupiec 19 (6): 4134 -- ...
		Homologous recombination is an important DNA repair mechanism in vegetative cells.
		Homologous recombination is a universal process; it plays a role in generating diversity during meiosis and is an important
		Homologous and homeologous intermolecular gene conversion are not differentially affected by mutations in DNA damage or mismatch repair genes RAD1, RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, PMS1 and MSH2.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/19/6/4134 (6486 words)

	Homologous Recombination (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Homologous (or general) recombination is at the heart of genetics.
		Random integration of transforming DNA during genetic engineering is a non-homologous recombination event, but directed integration as used in creating gene knock-outs, is homologous recombination.
		Chromosome deletions, inversions and translocations are often considered the result of non-homologous recombination, though often they occur at regions of considerable sequence similarity.
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/MG/MGW3/MG35.html (201 words)

	Engelward Lab at MIT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Homologous recombination serves an important function during meiosis, since it allo
		Broken replication forks are one-ended double strand breaks that can be repaired by reinsertion of the broken end, as shown in a replication fork repair animation created in our laboratory.
		Over half of those genes known to modulate the frequency of homologous recombination in mammals are associated with cancer.
	web.mit.edu /bevin/www/background.shtml (526 words)

	Transient Homologous Chromosome Pairing Marks the Onset of X Inactivation.
		S3) and found that, whereas Xic movement was constrained by homologous interaction, the flanking regions adopted relatively free positions, with each locus showing near-random distributions across time (fig.
		To learn whether the homologous association represented true physical pairing, we carried out "chromosome conformation capture" (3C) (19), whereby two interacting loci can be detected by crosslinking, intermolecular ligation, and polymerase chain reaction.
		Kissing between homologous chromosomes is a feature of normal meiotic recombination, and kissing between non-homologous chromosomes has been found during normal interphase RNAsynthesis (a).
	www.euchromatin.com /NaXu01.htm (2812 words)

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