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Topic: Homology trait

Related Topics

homology mathematics

homology biology

homology theories

homology groups

Homology sphere

Homology modelling

Sequence homologies

Vietoris homology

simplicial homology

Borel Moore homology

Homology trait

relative homology

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	29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Glossary
		In a sense, convergence is the opposite of homology.
		homology In this essay, since we are not assuming the truth of common descent, "homology" simply refers to similar structures, regardless of function.
		To clarify the homology argument, then, a new and specific term is needed that refers to the subset of homologous structures that have different functions.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/comdesc/glossary.html (1441 words)

	Homology
		Wells claims that homology is used in a circular fashion by biologists because textbooks define homology as similarity inherited from a common ancestor, and then state that homology is evidence for common ancestry.
		Evolution and homology are closely related concepts but they are not circular: homology of a structure is diagnosed and tested by outside elements: structure, position, etc., and whether or not the pattern of distribution of the trait is genealogical.
		Because of homology, we infer these behaviors for their extinct ancestors as well; thus it came as no surprise when fossils of many non-avian dinosaurs were found nesting with their young (Horner and Makela 1979; Horner 1982; Clark et al.
	www.ncseweb.org /icons/icon3homology.html (2760 words)

	Using Behavioral Traits to Reconstruct Arthropod Phylogenies - A Review
		The use of behavioral traits as characters in reconstructing phylogenies is a relatively recent phenomenon.
		Using this method, behavioral traits are aligned with the corresponding taxa on dendrograms (branching diagrams of hypothesized evolutionary history) to see if the behavioral traits had evolved in any sort of non-random array among the various taxa involved.
		Homology between features, since the time of Darwin, has most often been understood to exist when the given features are derived from the same (or corresponding) feature of their common ancestor.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1999/wells.htm (3480 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - On Homology of Arthropod Compound Eyes1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		One possible evolutionary process to explain the lack of phylogenetic homology of ostracod compound eyes is that eyes may evolve by switchback evolution, where genes for lost structures remain dormant and are re-expressed much later in evolution.
		Regardless of the inclusiveness of a homology statement that depends on arthropod phylogeny, the primary argument for compound eye homology is the morphological similarity of arthropod compound eyes.
		Generative homology, or the similar idea "homocracy" (Nielsen and Martinez, 2003), refers to traits that are organized by the expression of the same patterning genes, regardless of whether they are phylogenetically homologous.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=50436 (4882 words)

	[No title]
		Having a backbone is an ancestral homology of all mammals.
		A backbone is a derived homology for the vertebrate clade.
		When evidence arose that some dinosaurs had beak-like traits and feathers, it became clear that these bird traits were all homologous with dinosaurs and that the clade of living birds was, in fact, within the clade of dinosaurs.
	biology.unm.edu /ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Phylogeny.htm (1371 words)

	Old Exam Fall 1996
		Trait whose origin is distinct from its current utility (Guild and Lewontin 1979).
		Homology – similarity of traits due to descent from a common ancestor.
		A "key innovation" is a novel trait that originates in a particular group and affords that group specific evolutionary "advantages", such as increased rates of speciation often referred to as "adaptive radiations".
	biomed.brown.edu /Courses/BIO48/Exam2.99.key.html (1189 words)

	November 2001: Ecce homology: A primer on comparative genomics
		These homologies were first discovered by using the fly gene as a probe for screening the genomes of other species.
		For example, a human gene involved in cystic fibrosis has a yeast homologue in a gene that codes for metal resistance; a Type 1 neurofibromatosis-related gene in the yeast codes for a regulatory protein; and a human gene associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is homologous to a yeast superoxide dismutase gene.
		Of course, homologies between related organisms are also of use in the search for new drugs to attack a wide variety of pathogens and parasites.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v04/i11/html/11lesney.html (2020 words)

	Does homology provide evidence of evolutionary naturalism?
		Homology is not merely a minor proof of evolution, but instead has been widely cited by evolutionists as one of the most compelling lines of evidence for their theory.
		However, Dobzhansky admitted that ’homology does not prove evolution, in the sense that nobody has actually witnessed the gradual changes in the millions of consecutive generations which led from a common ancestor to a bird on the one hand and to man on the other’.
		Homology also does not prove that a set of animals is related by descent because both similarities and differences exist for any two animal types, and traits often are chosen by evolutionists only because they seem to provide evidence that two animals are related.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v15/i1/homology.asp?vPrint=1 (5992 words)

	Plant Physiology Online: Genetic Mapping Of Dormancy: Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Scoring of Vegetative Dormancy ...
		population has continuous variation for the trait of interest, and the goal of the analysis is to determine which chromosomal segments contain genes affecting the trait.
		If the inheritance of a chromosomal segment is correlated with the trait of interest, then a gene affecting the trait is likely to be between the two marker loci.
		Candidate genes are specific loci, identified by predicted biochemical function or homology to regulatory genes from other species, that are suspected of affecting the trait of interest.
	www.plantphys.net /article.php?ch=t&id=10 (481 words)

	Articles / Impact / Genomics at ICR - Institute for Creation Research
		The homology frequently reported for the human/chimpanzee genomes excluded "indels," which are areas with zero sequence homology.
		However, preliminary research at ICR using genomic databases and the current literature indicates that the sequence homology between humans and chimpanzees may be less than 90%, as more genomic regions, such as heterochromatin (regions of condensed noncoding DNA) and unresolved alignment gaps are included in homology studies.
		Considering all the elements that determine sequence homology, when an entire sequence comparison is finally made between the human and chimpanzee genomes, the actual amount of DNA sequence homology is almost certainly going to be less than 90%.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=2324 (1566 words)

	Evolution: Glossary
		acquired trait: A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter).
		ancestral homology: Homology that evolved before the common ancestor of a set of species, and which is present in other species outside that set of species.
		derived homology: Homology that first evolved in the common ancestor of a set of species and is unique to those species.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/index.html (13331 words)

	[No title]
		Homologies which are picked out for their historical value in tracing the ancestral lineage of some trait require homology which traces the history of orthologues.
		A phylogenetic homology concept need not be the single or definitive concept of homology with its emphasis on shared ancestry of speciation events of an organism.
		Instead of relying on phylogenetic homology concept as defining shared ancestry of organisms as the criteria of homology, I argue that within genomics, one must rely on a whole set of related concepts, which include a variety of causal relations and mechanisms that give rise to the transmission of homologies.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00000359/00/kendigpghlon.doc (3230 words)

	Introduction to Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Homologies thus serve as evidence for the existence of evolution as well as of evolutionary relationships (e.g., all birds share numerous homologies that mammals do not share, thereby suggesting that birds are more closely related to each other than any are related to mammals).
		An expectation of applicability results from a prediction that the existence of observed homologies between systems is predictive for the existence of the specific additional homologies whose presence is necessary to allow the two systems to act in a biochemically similar manner.
		An analogous trait is one common to two species but which has an independent evolutionary origin in the two lineages, i.e., a common characteristic which is not an example of homology.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol1510.htm (9180 words)

	391PhylogAssignment.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		This trait provides evidence that grouse and ptarmigan are closer evolutionary relatives than either is to a quail or a pheasant.
		Traits that are found in the group and also in the distantly related species are probably primitive, and are not useful for phylogenetic analysis.
		Traits that provide evidence of phylogenetic relationship are those that represent homology -- similarity due to common ancestry.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cens/biology/rirwin/391/391PhylogAssignment.htm (3668 words)

	Taxonomy Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		ancestral - A trait that is found in more recent members of an evolutionary lineage, and is unchanged from the ancestral form.
		homology - Similarity between structures in different organisms owing to their inheritance from a common ancestor.
		specialized - Traits which are useful for less functions or in less environments, relative to a generalized trait.
	www.uleth.ca /bio/bio1020/taxonomy.html (198 words)

	Untitled Document
		Although the specific definitions of these terms are not set in stone, one system uses attributes to describe all variable features of an organism, traits to be those that are not genetically determined, and characters as those that are phylogenetically useful.
		Similarity by various definitions may be an indication of relationship and often serves as first evidence for a hypothesis of homology or relationship.
		Patterson (1982) equated homology with synapomorphy, the central concept in cladistic phylogenetics.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/envsci/hahn/w4601/class_notes/week_2.html (1916 words)

	SRB Editorial
		The problem was that if homology is both defined by phylogeny, and required to reconstruct phylogeny, then a researcher needs to adopt an Orwellian double think strategy in order to 'know the phylogeny, obtain the homologies and build the phylogeny'.
		Hennig suggested that any trait found in one or more members of a study group that is also found in species outside the study group is a general trait.
		Because all homologies covary, and homoplasies do not covary, the pattern of relationships supported by the largest subset of special similarities is adopted as the working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships.
	www.univie.ac.at /Wissenschaftstheorie/srb/srb/6-3edit.html (2219 words)

	Genetics of Native Airway Responsiveness in Mice -- DE SANCTIS and DRAZEN 156 (4): 82 -- American Journal of ...
		The inbred mouse is an ideal animal to use for studying complex genetic traits.
		C57BL/6J mice (21) indicated that the trait was inherited in
		to acetylcholine was inherited as a dominant trait in the F1 animals.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/156/4/S82 (3218 words)

	AGBIOS :: HOME ::
		Finally, in cases where the sequence homology and serum screening tests have yielded negative results, the purified or enriched novel protein should be subjected to pepsin degradation conditions in order to assess its stability under conditions mimicking the mammalian gastric environment.
		The potential allergenicity of the Cry1Ab protein expressed in MON 810 corn was assessed by examining: (1) amino acid sequence homology with known allergens; (2) lability of the protein in simulated gastric fluids; and (3) the history of safe use of microbial insecticides containing this protein.
		No biologically significant homology (Doolittle 1990) and, based on an epitope size of 8 contiguous amino acids, no immunologically significant sequence similarities were observed with allergens.
	www.agbios.com /cstudies.php?book=FSA&ev=MON810&chapter=Allergy (2716 words)

	Phylogeny and Classification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		This trait can be used with others to classify animals, including man, as a primate.
		Similar traits such as this are known as homologies (similar forms).
		The homology of a placenta birth can be used to classify whales as mammals and not as fish.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/selection/phylogeny.html (134 words)

	Introduction to Systematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Primitive traits (also called primitive character states, or primitives states) are characteristics of organisms that were present in the ancestor to the group that we're studying.
		This means that the species with the derived trait descended from an ancestral species that was not the ancestor to the species without the derived trait, so the species with the derived trait are more related to each other than to the species without the derived trait.
		In general, if ALL members of the ingroup share a trait that is not found in the outgroup we can not tell what form is primitive or derived so the trait is not phylogenetically informative since we have to have evidence that the trait is derived for it to be phylogenetically informative.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cens/biology/rirwin/391/391Cladistics.htm (3214 words)

	Epistasis, Not Numbers, Regulates Functions of Clustered Dahl Rat Quantitative Trait Loci Applicable to Human ...
		Homology comparisons of genes or undefined Locs among the rat, mouse, and human in the C10QTL4 interval.
		All the genes and Locs located in the C10QTL4 interval shown in Figure 1 were compared among the genomes of rat, mouse, and humans and investigated for their expressions either in the rat, mouse, or humans.
		All the genes and Locs located in the QTL interval shown in Figure 1 were compared among the genomes of rat, mouse, and humans and investigated for their expressions either in the rat, mouse, or humans.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/46/6/1300 (4286 words)

	A Model Selection-Based Interval-Mapping Method for Autopolyploids -- Cao et al. 169 (4): 2371 -- Genetics
		traits was not detected by the regression method.
		The trait mean µ is (10.0, 12.0) if QTL dosage is 1 or (10.0, 12.0, 14.0) if QTL dosage is 2.
		quantitative traits that are related to winter hardiness.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/169/4/2371 (5798 words)

	[No title]
		In the F2, the recessive trait reappears in 1/4 of the progeny, due to the random association of the different alleles.
		The X and Y chromosomes share a small amount of homology, permitting pairing to occur during meiosis.
		Sex-linked dominant trait -no skipping of generations -an affected male would have only affected female offspring.
	faculty.smu.edu /borr/ClassNotes/CHAPTER5OUTLINE.doc (486 words)

	Brunet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Efforts to enhance the general immune response through selection would be less likely to contribute to the generalised enhancement of the disease resistance but rather would be expected to enhance the quantity and quality, as opposed to the specificity, of the immune response (15, 16, 17).
		Animals which possess the resistance trait would then be selected for breeding, and this procedure would be followed until a high proportion of animals carry the gene for the resistance trait.
		Furthermore, the recent progress in the isolation and characterisation of candidate genes and new microsatellite-based markers for family linkage studies of the entire genome are expediting the identification of new resistance genes.
	www.fao.org /livestock/agah/id/brunet_main/brunet/public_sub9_p6.html (940 words)

	[No title]
		a disease, genetic trait or defect, or trait you think may be inherited, e.g.
		Homologies will be found on the same chromosome in similar species and on different chromosomes in very different species;
		The trick is to look at the data we might be able to tap into and choose questions we think the data might be able to shed some light on.
	www2.bnl.gov /~murfin/sgp/research/sample.html (670 words)

	tm23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The gene encodes a 2.6 kb transcript derived from 10 exons, and covers a genomic region of at least 74 kb.
		The Drosophila smooth gene is homologous to a group of RNA binding proteins, with the strongest homology to the human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L gene.
		The smooth gene is by definition an abdominal bristle number quantitative trait locus, but further work is required to discern whether naturally occurring allelic variation at this locus is a source of genetic variation for abdominal bristle number in natural populations.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /genetics/mackay/tm23.html (203 words)

	Genetics Glossary S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		A gene, normally found on the Y chromosome in mammals, that directs the indeterminate gonads toward development as testes.
		Traits that appear more of time in one sex than in the other.
		A crossover event, such as the integration of phage lambda, that requires homology of only a very short region and uses an enzyme specific for that recombination.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/glossary/s.htm (3039 words)

	The Physiome: Tool for Physiological Genomics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Whether identified by homology or reverse homology, the informative phenotypes (those that map to QTL's) require careful study to determine the disease specific biological functions influencing those phenotypes.
		The great strength of this linkage map is that it now enables one to determine quantitative trait loci associated with genes and systems not yet known to be involved in hypertension.
		Reverse homology mapping can also be used when a QTL is found in the human studies to determine its location in the rat genome and then direct the development of congenic rats to study the functional role of this locus.
	www.physiome.org /files/Petrodvoret.1997/abstracts/cowley.html (2954 words)

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