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Topic: Homosexuality and Zoroastrianism

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	homosexuality - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about homosexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The extent to which homosexual behaviour is caused by biological or psychological factors is an area of disagreement among experts.
		Male homosexuals fear further discrimination as a result of the discovery of the AIDS virus.
		In Britain, homosexuality ceased to be illegal over the age of 21 in 1967, and the age of consent was lowered to 18 in 1994, and 16 in 2000.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /homosexuality (329 words)

	Homosexuality and Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Persons born with mixed male and female natures, such as homosexuals, the transgendered, the intersexed, etc., were all considered to be representatives of hermaphrodite deities like Lord Ardhanarisvara and were believed to be auspicious and able to bless or curse others.
		This is interesting because in modern-day Hinduism most homosexual men are forced to marry women in superficial marriages of convenience, even though it is against their nature and proscribed by scripture.
		Insofar as a homosexual can overcome their thoughts of sex and go to a higher plane, there is nothing to stop such a person from attaining realization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homosexuality_and_Hinduism (1944 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Zoroastrianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Central to Zoroastrianism is the emphasis on moral choice, and of life as a battle-ground between moral and immoral forces, represented by Spenta Mainyu the 'good spirit' emanation of Ahura Mazda and his antithesis, the Satanic Angra Mainyu.
		Zoroastrianism, which was once dominant in a region stretching from Anatolia to Persian Gulf and Central Asia, did not have a powerful foreign champion as Christianity did in the Byzantine Empire, and so steadily lost influence and adherents in Iran under Islamic persecution.
		Because Zoroastrianism is thought to have emerged from a common Indo-Iranian culture that preceded Vedic Hinduism, scholars also use evidence from Zoroastrian texts to reconstruct the unreformed earlier stage of Indo-Iranian beliefs, and therefore to identify the culture that evolved into the Vedic religion.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Zoroastrianism (4375 words)

	Homosexuality and Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In both cases birth as a paṇḍaka was a result of bad karma, and the idea that being a paṇḍaka or having homosexual desire stems from bad behaviour in a previous life in common in Buddhist literature.
		The founder of Shingon Buddhism, Kukai, is said to have introduced homosexuality to Japan after returning from study in China in the early ninth century.
		In Chinese Buddhism, homosexuality was a third level sin punishable in one of the nine hells.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Buddhist_views_of_homosexuality (2491 words)

	Homosexuality and Taoism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These energies are obtained through heterosexual relations; passionate homosexual expression has been discouraged because it is believed not to lead to human fulfillment.
		Although homosexuality is not forbidden by the Taoist Holy Books (the Tao Te Ching and the Zhuangzi), some Taoists believe that homosexuality is incompatible with their religion.
		Homosexuality on the other hand is seen as the union of two yins or two yangs, and therefore unbalanced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homosexuality_and_Taoism (203 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Homosexuality and Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The issue of Homosexuality and Christianity has become a matter of intense theological debate among some Christians, with ongoing argument over whether homosexuality, and specifically homosexual sex, is immoral or a sin.
		Homosexuality in Voodoo is religiously acceptable and homosexuals are allowed to participate in all religious activities.
		In 1395 there was a transvestite homosexual prostitute arrested in London with some records surviving [18], and the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards included the denunciation of priestly celibacy as a cause of sodomy [19].
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Homosexuality-and-Christianity (2120 words)

	Rethinking Homosexuality
		Transgenerational homosexuality is found in primitive societies where homosexual relations occur between a young male and an older teacher or tribal holy man. Here homosexuality is transitional, part of the initiation into adulthood of the younger male; it comes to an end when the boy is inducted into marriage.
		Science contributes to the development of the modern homosexual identity by inviting people to think in deterministic ways about their feelings: if people sense within themselves homosexual feelings, they are more likely to interpret these feelings as inevitable and as determined by some necessary biological or psychological force.
		Greenberg's chapter on "The Medicalization of Homosexuality" is a brilliant catalog of the various theories--inheritance, degeneracy, childhood deprivations, masturbation, biological determination--advanced during the 19th and 20th centuries as scientific explanations of homosexuality.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=246 (2162 words)

	glbtq >> literature >> Middle Eastern Literature: Persian
		According to Zoroastrianism, the religion allegedly founded by Zarathustra, the universe is divided into two warring camps, those of the Good and Evil Spirits.
		The theme of homosexuality is relatively common in Persian literature of the Islamic period.
		Homosexuality is a topic in the Qabusname (1083), a book of advice from a father to his son.
	www.glbtq.com /literature/mid_e_lit_persian.html (787 words)

	THE ZOROASTRIAN FAITH AND HOMOSEXUALITY
		One principle that might influence condemnation of homosexuality is the importance of family life within the faith.
		Orthodox Zoroastrianism currently does not accept converts from other religions; one must have a Zoroastrian mother and father in order to be accepted into the faith.
		Many Zoroastrians in the Internet and media are promoting the suppression of homosexuality within their community.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_zor.htm (253 words)

	Bishop John Spong on the history of homosexuality in Christianity -- Beliefnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The general consensus was that practicing homosexuality was destructive behavior, condemned as “sinful.” But data began to emerge in the 1950s that was destined to change these definitions and their resulting stereotypes.
		Scientific studies began to suggest that homosexuality was not abnormal behavior; it was simply a minority aspect of sexuality that has always been present in the human family.
		Homosexuality was determined not to be something people choose, but something to which they awaken.
	www.belief.net /story/130/story_13022_1.html (479 words)

	Zoroastrianism - ReligionFacts
		The latter is the basis for Zoroastrian prayers and ceremonies for the departed.
		The Zoroastrian system of penance entails reciting the patet, the firm resolve not to sin again, and the confession of sins to a dastur or to an ordinary priest if a dastur is not obtainable.
		The festival to Mithra, or Mehragan, was traditionally an autumn one, as honoured as the spring feast of Noruz.
	www.religionfacts.com /a-z-religion-index/zoroastrianism.htm (1292 words)

	Other Links
		Traditional Zoroastrianism: A comprehensive homepage of scores of articles on the present anti-reform and pro-conservative position of the closed community of the Traditionalist Parsi “race-purists” of India.
		Zoroastrianism : A moderate and neutral overview of the history, culture and beliefs from the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
		Zoroastrianism: “Creating a Community of Believers.” Moderate views on “Who was Zoroaster,” “What Are Zoroaster’s Teachings,” “The Celestial Realm in Zoroastrianism,” “Why Conversion is necessary and sanctioned,” “Some Zoroastrian Prayers,” and “Zoroastrian Catechism” by Peter J. McGuinness.
	www.zoroastrian.org /info/other_links.htm (887 words)

	Comments on Zoroastrianism from a Unitarian Christian Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While Zoroastrians today are few in number (less then 200,000), like Judaism their contributions and influence on civilization go far beyond their small numbers.
		Zoroastrianism is known for its monotheism, devil, and separation of material and spiritual worlds.
		Both Zoroastrianism and Judaism are revealed religions: in one God imparts his revelation and pronounces his commandments to Zoroaster on "the Mountain of the Two Holy Communing Ones"; in the other Yahweh holds a similar communion with Moses on Sinai.
	www.sullivan-county.com /z/zor8.htm (5817 words)

	LGBT Texts
		In the Kama Sutra, in Chapter VI, lesbianism in harems is described, and in Chapter IX, male and female homosexuality in the context of a discussion of oral sex.
		Defining the 'sin of Sodom' to be male homosexuality was a later interpretation, which was made by medieval Jewish and Christian writers, as a reaction to Pagan acceptance of homosexuality.
		The prohibition of homosexuality in Leviticus was used subsequently for hundreds of years as a precedent for the persecution of gays, and has been quoted in legal reasoning up to the present day.
	www.sacred-texts.com /lgbt/index.htm (5962 words)

	Category:Zoroastrianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main article for this category is Zoroastrianism.
		The Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America
		This page was last modified 10:09, 8 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Zoroastrianism (71 words)

	Homosexuality and Voodoo - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Voodoo views sexual orientation as a part of the way God makes a person; homosexuals are free to pursue members of the same sex just as heterosexuals are free to pursue members of the opposite sex.
		Male homosexuals are seen as under the protection of the Erzulie Freda, loa of love and beauty.
		Interestingly, when a homosexual is possessed by a heterosexual loa, they begin to behave as heterosexuals.
	homosexualityandvoodoo.quickseek.com (482 words)

	Iranica.com - HOMOSEXUALITY
		Zoroastrian literature contains discussions of personal relations only in legal contexts and is quite explicit with regard to sins of a sexual nature, including between males.
		In the Avesta there is no mention of heterosexual anal intercourse, but in Zoroastrian texts this practice is alluded to and equally condemned.
		According to the myth of the establishment of the lands of Iran in the Videvdad (1.11), anal intercourse between men was produced by the Evil Spirit to plague Ahura Mazda@'s ninth creation, the land of the Hyrcanians (v™hrka@na).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v12f4/v12f4026a.html (1118 words)

	Geometry.Net - Basic_Z: Zoroastrianism
		Zoroastrianism is a religion founded in ancient times by the prophet Zarathushtra, known to the Greeks as Zoroaster.
		Zoroastrianism was the dominant world religion during the Persian empires (559 BC to 651 AC), and was thus the most powerful world religion at the time of Jesus.
		zoroastrianism is the oldest of the revealed worldreligions, and it has probably had more influence on mankind, directly and indirectly, than any other single faith.
	www.geometry.net /detail/basic_z/zoroastrianism.html (2645 words)

	Search: buddhism homosexuality
		homosexuality would be a part of buddhist belief...
		Homosexuality has been gaining huge inroads lately, from Supreme Court decisi...
		homosexuality was a third level sin punishable in one of the nine...
	www.dogpile.com /info.dogpl/search/web/buddhism%2Bhomosexuality (228 words)

	[Goanet]Re: Sexual attitudes/behavior
		And even the Parsee community disapproves of homosexuality even though, I am informed, there is not a word of homosexuality in Zoroastrianism.
		I specifically said the homosexuality is a variant and not a sickness and is not a pathological condition.
		Back to the issue of homosexuality: I am told there is some data that homo-sexuality, like alcoholism is a gene-related condition, with latent and extrovert manifestations.
	www.mail-archive.com /goanet@goanet.org/msg26588.html (532 words)

	Evil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		But the evil is also the common origin of all those blind processes and of all those false abstractions that lead so many people to misery and exclusion.
		In the originally Persian religion of Zoroastrianism, the world is a battle ground between the god of good, Ahura Mazda, and the god of evil, Angra Mainyu.
		Today, there is strong disagreement as to whether homosexuality and abortion are perfectly acceptable or ultimate evils.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evil (3595 words)

	Independent Gay Forum - Homosexuality in Leviticus
		One of the biblical trump cards for fundamentalist Christians and Jews in their opposition to homosexuality and gay equality is the passage in the Old Testament book of Leviticus 20:13 which reads:
		It is tempting to imagine that the prohibition of male homosexuality without penalties was written when the Hebrews lacked political power to mandate penalties and the prohibition with penalties was written when they did have that power.
		For one thing, it is hard to see why disapproval of sacred male prostitution by a rival religious cult should lead to disapproval of non-religious, non-prostitutional sex between males.
	www.indegayforum.org /authors/varnell/varnell124.html (945 words)

	Paul scholar Richard B. Hays explains why St. Paul decried homosexuality -- Beliefnet.com
		He also worried that the gay apologists encouraged homosexual believers to “draw their identity from their sexuality” and thus to shift the ground of their identity subtly and idolatrously away from God.
		However much he wanted to believe that the Bible did not condemn homosexuality, he would not violate his own stubborn intellectual integrity by pretending to find their arguments persuasive.
		As a homosexual Christian, Gary believed that their writings did justice neither to the biblical texts nor to his own sobering experience of the gay community that he had moved in and out of for 20 years.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/143/story_14380_1.html (643 words)

	Beliefnet.com
		I have a few questions about Zoroastrianism, which I think is a great and interesting religion.
		The first is that the Old Persians had an advanced culture and oral tradition without having their own written language, which was extremely unusual in history.
		Oh, another question I had was; I understand that Zoroastrianism prohibits homosexuality.
	www.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?boardID=448&discussionID=489866 (498 words)

	Tolerance of Homosexuality - InterfaithForums
		That is not to say they should be exposed to homosexual sex any earlier than any other kind of sex, but we shouldn’t try and stop them being aware that some men love other men, and some women love other women.
		It doesn’t take a huge leap of imagination to think that there could be a 12 year old in the maelstrom of emotional turmoil (as most of us were at that age) reading this thread, having these kinds of feelings.
		To claim that they are defective or evil is an incredibly callous thing to do, as those comments can scar an adolescent for the rest of their lives, (presuming they continue their life).
	www.interfaithforums.com /showthread.php?t=522 (642 words)

	Homosexuality Dictionary @ TheTreasureTrove.com (The Treasure Trove) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Homosexuality in women is also known as lesbianism.
		As homosexuality applies to people of either sex, the expression homosexuality and lesbianism is redundant and is best replaced by homosexuality or lesbianism alone as appropriate.
		Different cultural constructions of same-sex love are collectively referred to as homosexualities.
	www.thetreasuretrove.com /dictionary/Homosexuality (196 words)

	Homosexuality and religion: Policies of non-Christian religions
		In many aboriginal traditional faiths, homosexuals are held in high regard as having received a special blessing.
		Others are organized into Covens, Groves, Kindreds, etc. Many Wiccan and some other Pagan groups attempt to achieve a roughly equal number of males and females in their rituals.
		However, they generally accept homosexuality and bisexuality as natural and unchangeable orientations for a minority of adults.
	www.religioustolerance.com /hom_chur3.htm (299 words)

	-- Beliefnet.com
		Those who see an emerging definition of homosexuality as a normal, though minority, part of humanity believe they are fighting ignorance.
		Clergy are publicly disobeying church hierarchies by ordaining homosexuals and blessing same-sex unions, while church studies reveal a new, progressive understanding of homosexuality.
		Roman Catholics, whose church teaching is clearly opposed to homosexual activity, are discussing the issue openly--though not officially, for fear of reprisal by the hierarchy.
	bible.beliefnet.com /story/2/story_244_1.html (336 words)

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