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Topic: Homosexuality in Japan

	1996 AAS Abstracts: Japan Session 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It will be my objective to demonstrate the ways in which these writers' phonocentric privileging of the spontaneous speech act [the voice] as a momentary crystallization of identity and behavior is complicit with the creation of a new regime of identity.
		Unlike in most Western societies, male homosexuality was considered neither a sexual perversion nor a sin in Japanese cultural tradition.
		The modes of stigmatizing homoerotic acts between men, contradictorily produce the category of the male homosexual, and this new category called "the homosexual" can then be re-valorized by gay political movements.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1996abst/japan/j9.htm (1152 words)

	Notes on Homosexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first is what is called the homosexual orientation or disposition, which refers to a relatively stable psychological or mental condition such that a man or woman spontaneously and involuntarily experiences sexual desire for, and sexual fantasies about, persons of the same sex.
		In one study of American homosexuals, with an average age of around 30, 26% had already had sex with over 1,000 different partners, and 74% interviewed said that more than half the time their partners were total strangers.
		If a homosexual cannot so overcome his or her condition to extent of being able to have a heterosexual marriage, he or she must remain single, and abstain from sexual relations.
	www.bahai-library.org /unpubl.articles/homosexuality.html (1675 words)

	‘Selectively Out:’ Being a Gay Foreign National in Japan
		That first stay in Japan was certainly life-changing — not only because it led to a career, but because it convinced him he needed, for his own sake, to lead an open gay life.
		Assuming that everybody is straight in Japan, as anywhere else, the onus is on gays to tell people that they are "different," with all the stigma that can entail, particularly in a country that likes to claim that everybody is the same.
		Homosexual activity is not a crime as it is, for instance, in some states in the United States.
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/japan/jpnews001.htm (1005 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Asia and the Pacific - JAPAN
		By the end of 2001 Japan had not submitted its initial report to the UN Committee against Torture, due in July 2000 and a requirement following its accession to the UN Convention against Torture in 1999.
		Former President of Peru Alberto Fujimori, who resigned his presidency and remained in Japan after a visit in November 2000, was formally charged with murder before the Supreme Court of Justice in Peru in September.
		He was alleged to be jointly responsible for the murder of 15 people in 1991 at Barrios Altos, Lima, and the ''disappearance'' and murder of nine students and a university professor in Lima in 1992.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/asa/japan!Open (1061 words)

	Why? Why Not?
		Often the taboo of homosexuality is dated back to the beginning of religion.
		Some social science research does say that children who have two parents in the home, a male parent and a female parent, do function better later on in life, than if there were two female parents or two male parents.
		Religion and government is separated as interpreted in the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States.
	www.duke.edu /~jcd22/whywhynot.htm (370 words)

	Japan - Sex
		Japan seems to have a much freer attitude towards sex than does the U.S., at least as to the selling of sexual items.
		One of the unusual things in Japan is what is termed the "love hotel." This is basically a hotel, sometimes with a gaudy external appearance, that features rooms you can rent for a few hours in order to bring your love interest and perhaps have some fun.
		One of the extremely unusual things in Japan is are vending machines that sell magazines that feature nearly-nude women, sexual ads, etc. In the U.S. such a thing would result in the swift arrest and conviction of the seller but in Japan it's nothing major at all.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jsex.html (996 words)

	Homosexuality in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Homosexuality has been recorded from ancient times in Japan; indeed, at some times in Japanese history love between men was viewed as the purest form of love.
		Prostitution is illegal under the 1958 "Prostitution Prevention Act" however, because homosexuality is not seen as sexual conduct in the criminal code but rather define it as "seikou-ruiji-kÅi" (similar to sexual conduct) homosexual prostitution is often dealt with other local laws.
		However, in 1997 the group OCCUR (Japan Association for the Lesbian and Gay Movement) won a court case against a Tokyo government policy that barred gay and lesbian youth from using the "Metropolitan House for Youth." However, the court ruling does not seem to have extended to other areas of government sponsored discrimination.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DOkama (2517 words)

	Shudo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shudo (衆道 shudō or shūdō) is the Japanese tradition of age-structured homosexuality prevalent in samurai society from the medieval period until the end of the 19th century.
		The legendary founder of male love in Japan is Kūkai, also known as Kōbō Daishi, the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism, who is said to have brought over from China, together with the teachings of the Buddha, the teachings of male love.
		With the rise in power and influence of the merchant class, aspects of the practice of shudo were adopted by the middle classes, and homoerotic expression in Japan began to be more closely associated with travelling kabuki actors known as tobiko, "fly boys," who moonlighted as prostitutes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shudo (590 words)

	Intersections: Male Homosexuality and Popular Culture in Modern Japan
		However, during Japan's rapid modernisation in the Meiji period (1867-1912), this understanding of homosexuality as one 'Way' [doo] of enjoying sex began to be displaced by western sexological terms such as dooseiaisha (the Chinese-character translation of 'homosexual,' literally 'same-sex-love person') which suggested that homosexual desire was characteristic of a certain type of person: the homosexual.
		Today, homosexuality in Japan is largely conflated with cross-dressing and transgenderism due to the prominence of cross-dressed individuals featured in the media and the entertainment world.
		She concludes that 'homosexuals are, as you would expect, somehow lady-like.'[29] Women's media in Japan constantly reiterate the idea that gay men are substantially different from straight men and that they more closely resemble women both in their appearance and in their sensibilities.
	wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au /intersections/issue3/mclelland2.html (5649 words)

	Gay Iranian Desperate to Stay in Japan
		He is desperate to stay in Japan because as a homosexual, he could face death in Iran, his home country.
		Although cases involving the oppression of homosexuals in Iran receive little media coverage in Japan, the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees recognizes the persecution of gays in Iran.
		"It would be difficult for homosexuals in Iran to remain silent about their sexuality, but it would be even more destructive to revoke the freedom of sexual orientation from someone who already has begun a new life in Japan based on his true identity as a homosexual," he added.
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/japan/jpnews002.htm (1194 words)

	homosexuality in america Actual articles about homosexuality and more. Fresh news on homosexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Confusing and homosexualities a homosexuality in america and ordain to high.
		Remember that homosexuality in america aspects of homosexuality in america absent from possible.
		Midst of homosexuality in america baptized are homosexuality in america made of homosexuality in america the cbstv documentary.
	homosexuality.hola-find.org /homosexuality-in-america.html (534 words)

	japan-guide.com forum - Was homosexuality in Japan's history?
		Homosexuality was practiced among the Samurai, that is why St Francis Xavier was asked to leave Japan, because he said that it (Homosexuality) was beneath even a pig.
		From what I have read, homosexuality was accepted among samurai and the love between two men was more genuine/real that between a man and woman.
		When I first did research on homosexuality I came across the fact that a lot of armies encouraged their soldiers to have relationships with each other.
	www.japan-guide.com /forum/quereadisplay.html?0+17215 (970 words)

	\| Book Review \| Journal of World History, 15.4 \| The History Cooperative
		It is not a world history of same-sex relations, but rather a history of homosexuality in preindustrial Europe, interrupted by comparative chapters on China and Japan and an occasional foray into Persia, which throw the long, sad saga of Western homophobia into sharp relief.
		Chapter 13 shifts to Japan from 800 to 1868, where male homosexuality was even more widely accepted than in China and celebrated especially among the samurai.
		The final chapter examines the discourse on homosexuality during the Enlightenment, rooted in reason rather than religion, culminating in the French Revolution that swept aside the antisodomy laws (p.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/15.4/br_2.html (1075 words)

	Anthro 256b: Minorities and Sexualities in Modern Japan
		Confronts the image of Japan as homogenous by exploring the various post-colonial, native, caste, and sexual minorities that have become vocal in the last century.
		Japan is often imagined as a homogeneous nation.
		In the early 1980s, the government submitted a report to the UN stating that there were no ethnic, linguistic, or religious minorities in Japan.
	www.deaflibrary.org /nakamura/courses/japanminorities/index.html (388 words)

	Male Colors
		Unfettered by the moral opporbium that constrained--or concealed--male-male eroticism in Europe, male colors flew brightly in the public culture of urban Japan.
		Based on a wealth of literary and historical documentation, this study places Tokugawa homosexuality in a global context, exploring its implications for contemporary debates on the historical construction of sexual desire.
		Gary P. Leupp is Associate Professor of History at Tufts University and the author of Servants, Shophands, and Laborers in the Cities of Tokugawa Japan (1992).
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/6442.html (565 words)

	Japanese History For Gay Men
		Japan was isolated from potentially disruptive foreign influences through its policy of "National Seclusion" except the two "Holland"(Netherland) and Chinese merchants.
		The practice of the male "homosexuality" was diminished as it shifted to the society led by townspeople, since intrinsically townspeople didn't have the custom of male "homosexuality".
		Japan's defeat in World War Second ushered in a period of Occupation by Allied Military Forces and sweeping democratic reforms that included a new Constitution of Japan after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
	www.geocities.co.jp /Berkeley/3508/japanesehistory.html (2564 words)

	Early Gay Historians
		The antiquarian, literary and historical pioneering studies of homosexuality in the late nineteenth century were gradually superseded by an interest in Darwinian evolution, whereby historical investigation was replaced by the biological or organic approach.
		By the 1970s the traditional historical—cultural model was replaced by the political analysis of the homosexual as a victim of the ideological discourse of homophobia.
		Kupffer began his anthology partly in response to the trials of Oscar Wilde; Kupffer was himself a playwright (and homosexual), as well as a painter; in 1908 he published a monograph on the Renaissance homosexual painter Sodoma; he and his lover Eduard von Mayer founded the Klaristiche movement, a kind of aesthetic/socialist/homoerotic/Christian emancipationist movement.
	www.infopt.demon.co.uk /earlygay.htm (1543 words)

	Reason Magazine - Soundbite: Outing History
		A: The material on the widespread acceptance of homosexuality in Chinese and Japanese culture, which had been obscured because in the 19th and 20th centuries those countries became much more homophobic.
		Also, Islam theoretically allows for the death penalty for homosexuality, but the love and appreciation of young males was prevalent in poetry.
		In Japan it was simply the absorption of Western and European attitudes.
	www.reason.com /0403/soundbite.shtml (463 words)

	The Way of the Samarai
		Homosexuality among the Samarai had many names, including nanshoku, wakashudo (the way of the youth), bi-do (the beautiful way), and shudo (an abbreviation of wakashudo).
		While male love in Japan existed both before and after the Samarai, Shudo was introduced to the Samarai by Kukai, also known as Kobo Daishi (the great master from Kobo).
		After the Samarai, while Japan was in an era of relative peace, male love became more common among the general population, and even became commercialized.
	members.aol.com /matrixwerx/glbthistory/samarai.htm (498 words)

	In Lexington, fear surrounds players in flap over gay teachings - The Boston Globe
		Even David Parker, the father who stirred the controversy when he asked that his son be removed from class if homosexuality was covered, now is worried about his son's safety at school.
		But in retrospect, he acknowledged there was no evidence that an adult had directly incited students to bully his son.
		He is worried that adults who criticize his views against homosexuality might have led some children to not want to play with his son or to pick on him.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2006/07/05/in_lexington_fear_surrounds_players_in_flap_over_gay_teachings (931 words)

	HIS 372 / 572, EARLY MODERN JAPAN:
		Peasant Uprisings in Japan of the Tokugawa Period.
		The Technological Transformation of Japan: From the Seventeenth to the Twenty-First Century.
		Makela (l.makela@csuohio.edu) for the use of students at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, who are enrolled in HIS 372/572, The History of Early Modern Japan during the Spring Semester of the 2005 - 2006 Academic Year; please contact him with any comments.
	academic.csuohio.edu /makelaa/history/courses/his372/rea02c.html (657 words)

	Striving to de-exoticize Japanese marriage avoiders. - book review Journal of Sex Research - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During his first visit to Japan in 1986, when he was 25, Wim Lunsing found disagreeable questions about a wife or girlfriend he did not have: "Since I was openly gay in the Netherlands, such questions were as good as new to me and I had difficulty dealing with them" (p.
		The assumption that all adults must be married was problematic to feminists, lesbians, and gay men he met and he decided to study those "whose ideas, feelings or lifestyles are at variance with Japanese constructions of marriage" (p.2).
		The informants also seemed to have what Lunsing characterizes as a very essentialist view of gays and lesbians rather than "multiple selves." They were concerned about being ostracized, but did not confuse the need to keep up (heterosexual) appearances with their sense of self.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2372/is_1_40/ai_101530215 (726 words)

	E-Budo.com - Shudo and bido
		Also, among Edo-peroid middle class Japanese, there was the prostitution of male kabuki actors (onnogata) and male homosexuality appears to have been a big literature theme for a long peroid of time, although female homosexuality seems pretty much undocumented.
		Manga and anime have embraced homosexuality of both genders, usually for the entertainment of the opposite gender ('yaoi' and 'yuri').
		Religion does not seem to condemn homosexuality in the peroid of history the article is refering to (roughly the Edo peroid, although assumingly up until attitudes changed).
	www.e-budo.com /forum/printthread.php?t=32312 (736 words)

	QAC - B
		Visually stunning, Black Lizard is best known for its screenplay adaptation by Yukio Mishima, one of Japan's most prolific and respected gay writers of classics Confessions of a Mask and The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, who appears in the film as one of the Black Lizard's eerie human statues.
		Ling and Wu go out for revenge with Ling taking some rather strange advice from a homosexual sifu who teaches her where the male G spot is and how to use her body to lure men (hence the title).
		In a complete panic, Megan's parents elicit the help of her friends and the guidance of the homosexual rehabilitation facility, True Directions, to mount an intervention.
	www.longyangclub.org /denver/qac/b/qacb.html (1944 words)

	Calligraphy in Japanese Buddhism
		Egara Tenjin (in Kamakura) is one of the three most revered Tenjin in Japan, and among the three largest.
		Japan's popular Fire Festivals, held around January 15 each year, are also closely associated with calligraphy.
		As a cult figure and culture hero credited with everything from inventing kana かな script to introducing homosexuality to Japan, Kuukai is the subject of numerous portraits as well as being the legendary creator of many famous works of art.
	www.onmarkproductions.com /html/calligraphy1.shtml (1461 words)

	Gay Travel Blog: LGBT Travel Tips for Japan
		"Japan's gay and lesbian sub-cultures are ancient and sophisticated.
		There are references to homosexual relationships in 11th century diaries and even in an amusing turn of events for the womanizing protagonist of The Tale of Genji, one of the world's earliest novels.
		In a country where 98% of the population gets married, many homosexuals and bisexuals express their same-sex desires only within the anonymity offered by maze-like night life districts, the lingering wisps of Edo's incense-perfumed ukiyo (floating world).
	travel.gaynewsblog.net /2005/04/lgbt-travel-tips-for-japan.html (565 words)

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