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	Honey fungus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Honey fungus or Armillaria is a genus of parasitic fungi that live on trees and woody shrubs.
		Honey fungus is a potentially fatal pathogenic organism that affects trees, shrubs, woody climbers and, rarely, woody herbaceous perennials.
		Honey fungus spreads both from living trees, dead and live roots and stumps by means of reddish-brown to fl root-like rhizomorphs ('bootlaces') at the rate of around 1 m a year, although infection by root contact is also possible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Honey_fungus (880 words)

	Honey - Healing Properties
		Honey could be the new antibiotic, according to scientific research from the University of Wales Institute Cardiff (UWIC) presented Monday, 06 September 2004 at the Society for General Microbiology’s 155th Meeting at Trinity College Dublin.
		Honey is one of the oldest medicines we have, with proof of its healing power dating back more than 5000 years.
		Honey is particularly useful in treating all kinds of burns and wounds that have been there for a long time due to disease e.g.
	www.honeyo.com /honeyhealing.shtml (2453 words)

	Honey Fungus - Friend or Foe?
		Honey fungus used to be considered one species, Armillaria mellea, however recent work has indicated that several distinct species may be found in the UK which vary in their pathogenicity.
		The best indication of attack by Honey fungus is the presence of white fungal growth beneath the bark on roots and the collar portion of a dead or dying tree [9].
		Honey fungus mycelium forms white or cream paper-like sheets sandwiched between the dead bark and underlying wood.
	fungus.org.uk /nwfg/armnov01.htm (1034 words)

	Vaclavy, Czech Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Like most mushrooms, the honey fungus spreads via a mycelium (what is usually called the "roots" of the mushroom, but is not).
		The extreme growth of the fungus was probably allowed by dry weather conditions, which were not conducive to the estabishment of competing species via spores.
		It seems that the fl dot shown on the fungus stalk on the flag are supposed to represent the scales which stay around the stalk of the adult carpophore, once the veil surrounding the young "egg" has been destroyed.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/cz-ra-va.html (857 words)

	EASTBOURNE GARDEN SERVICES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Honey Fungus is parasitic and can effect stumps and trunks or dead or damaged plants.
		Honey fungus is naturally found in woody areas and is natures way of reducing dead trees.
		Where honey fungus is found it is recommenced to remove all dead or dying woody plants, stumps and root systems.
	www.grindforce.co.uk /honeyfungus.htm (126 words)

	Factsheet about honey fungus
		The presence of Armillaria toadstools, or fl rhizomorphs, does not necessarily mean that the pathogenic (disease causing) strains of honey fungus are present in the garden.
		Nor do they necessarily indicate that honey fungus is the cause of the death or decline of particular plants.
		There is often concern that honey fungus can live on woody mulches, especially when the rhizomorphs are seen under the mulch.
	www.organicgardening.org.uk /factsheets/dc19.php (785 words)

	Honey Fungus FAQs at stumps.biz
		A parasitic fungus that affects roots, trunks and stems of dead or damaged plants.
		Honey fungus is the woodlands' hyenas, jackals and vultures rolled into one.
		Without honey fungus the surface of the world would be piled high with the corpses of dead trees.
	www.stumps.biz /honeyfungus.htm (716 words)

	Honey Fungus Removal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Honey Fungus spores can be found everywhere and have been found in air samples taken at 5 miles high, they are usually present in air samples all year round which would indicate that they can ride the winds for many months before coming down to ground.
		There have been attempts to contain the fungus by burying a plastic sheet in a trench thus blocking the spread of the honey fungus but this has not proved to be effective, although it has merit in certain instances, but the root cause is usually stressed and weakened plants open to infection
		Honey fungus 'bootlaces' cannot grow through untilled soil because it is too compact for it to force its way through, it doesn't like bright hot sunlight, so check along the edges of your fences or under your hedges, anywhere it's shady and moist, also check through your mulch.
	www.webmesh.co.uk /honeytreatment.htm (947 words)

	Trochilids FAQ page
		Honey sugar is comprised of about 1/3 Fructose -- a simple sugar transported across cell membranes via the slower "active transport" mechanisms requiring glucose (Buchs 1998); sucrose is transported directly across the gut quickly via osmosis.
		She made identical concentrations of honey nectar and table sugar nectar and placed the liquids in separate jars and set them on her windowsill.
		This works great in limiting the effects of hypoglecemia in humans (it takes longer to get a sugar "rush" eating honey than it does eating a candy bar), but honey also doesn't provide the "quick boost" of energy that hummingbirds are accustomed to (and perhaps require) given their preference for sucrose-containing flowers.
	www.trochilids.com /honey.html (890 words)

	[No title]
		Fungus nails is a unsightly condition which can be difficult to treat.
		Fungus gnats occasionally become a nuisance indoors when adults emerge in large numbers as mosquito-like insects from potted plants or flower boxes containing damp soil rich in humus.
		Fungus gnats inhabit fungi or dead plant materials and are harmless to humans and animals.
	www.lycos.com /info/fungus.html (656 words)

	Honey Fungus. Identify and control
		Recently, a variety of the honey mushroom was identified in Oregon, USA which had colonized 880 hectares of wood in about 2300 years (and thereby killed a large number of trees) and it's weight exceeds that of any other living organism in the entire world!
		Honey Fungus is caused by direct contact with the roots of an infected plant or tree.
		Yes, but make sure you are eating honey fungus They can be fried in butter and there are lots of other recipes for honey fungus at (http://www.mssf.org/cookbook/honey.html).
	www.gardenaction.co.uk /techniques/pests/honey_fungus.htm (686 words)

	Diseases - Honey Fungus
		This is a fungus which affects the roots, trunks and stems of plants.
		A creamy white sheet of fungus grows between the bark and the plant tissue beneath it.
		Occasionally groups of honey coloured toadstools can grow at the base of the infected plants during the late summer or early autumn.
	www.rumwoodnurseries.co.uk /plantcare/honey_fungus.htm (215 words)

	Honey Fungus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		On closer inspection, the trunks of some of those trees may show signs of honey fungus, and this could be the reason why they were more susceptible to wind blow.
		It is now generally accepted that various species of Armillaria (honey fungus) are responsible for disease and decay in trees.
		Bootlaces creep around in search of new prey and ensure that the fungus is spread to new areas and plants - this is why it often manages to infect several trees in one area.
	www.arcadian-archives.com /honey.htm (383 words)

	Fungus
		The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms, usually ranked as a kingdom in Linnaean taxonomy.
		A lichen is a very close mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism, usually a cyanobacterium or green alga.
		Thrush is an infection caused by a fungus that grows in the mouth.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/english/Fu/Fungus.html (2273 words)

	Humongous Fungus
		Although everyone wants to see the "Humongus Fungus" for themselves, it is mostly underground except for tiny offshoots that poke through the surface in the fall, edibles commonly known as button or honey mushrooms.
		"The fungus is an intergral part of the ecosystem, feeding on decayed wood and producing carbon dioxide essential for the process through which plants generate life-giving oxygen" said Johann N. Brunn during a guided tour of the area.
		Although the "Humongus Fungus" is actually located in Mastodon Township, the Crystal Falls Business Association, compiled of business owners in both the City and Township of Crystal Falls, saw an opportunity to draw tourism to the area and established the "Humongus Fungus Festival".
	www.crystalfalls.org /humongou.htm (462 words)

	at Loder-Plants.com
		Honey fungus can be a major killer in woodland gardens.
		Some forms of this fungus are harmless but other, seemingly identical, forms will grow into the roots and stems of a variety of trees and shrubs, often killing them.
		There is no really effective remedy; the important thing is to remove or stump-grind all tree stumps and plants suspected of dying from this fungus.
	www.rhododendrons.com /diseases-honey-fungus (77 words)

	Honey was proven to be healing for humans as was mentioned in the Noble Quran.
		Honey also has no side-effects and is currently being used in hospitals to treat skin ulcers, skin infections and irritations and certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
		A combination, it seems, of several factors: Honey's acidity, or pH, is low enough to hinder or prevent the growth of many species of bacteria, although this acidity may be neutralized as honey is diluted, with, for example, body fluids from a cut or wound.
		When honey is diluted (again, say, with fluids from a wound) an enzyme is activated to produce hydrogen peroxide, which, as we know, is a potent antibacterial (who doesn't have a brown bottle of this stuff in their medicine cabinet?).
	www.answering-christianity.com /honey_healing.htm (2430 words)

	Honey fungus - research at the RHS
		Gardeners’ concerns about honey fungus include the role organic mulches play in spreading this disease, the effect of mulches on the honey fungus infection process and the risk of introducing honey fungus in infected chipped mulch.
		After one year honey fungus grew well in both mulches when a layer of mulch of 10 cm was used.
		Rose is highly susceptible to infection by honey fungus and this rose is used as a rootstock by the rose industry.
	www.rhs.org.uk /learning/research/projects/Armillaria.asp (1154 words)

	AIE - Pest & Disease - Honey Fungus
		The Honey Fungus mushrooms can be variable in size, colour and shape but are usually honey coloured and growing in bunches.
		Honey Fungus usually produces a white mycelium sheet of fungal growth beneath the bark of a seriously infected tree.
		Honey Fungus is very common and has a necessary role within the woodland environment.
	www.aie.org.uk /fungi_base/armillaria/trunkline_article/aie_pd_honey.html (535 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Honey Fungus
		They can be difficult to find, and the white growth below the bark, as described above, is the most diagnostic feature of a honey fungus attack.
		Clumps of honey-coloured, pale-stemmed toadstools may grow round the base or roots of infected plants in the autumn.
		Current research into honey fungus at the RHS Garden Wisley
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles1100/honey_fungus.asp (302 words)

	Fungi
		They are similar to Honey fungus but do not have the collar like ring on the stem or bootlace like rhizomorphs that Honey fungus has.
		This fungus infects and decays the sapwood and heartwood of trees.
		This fungus is quite often found on fraxinus excelsior, although it can be found on other broadleaved trees.
	www.helpwithtrees.co.uk /Fungi.htm (639 words)

	Pest Information
		Honey Bees are, of course, famous not only for pollinating crops, but also for their honey which has been a delicacy of humans throughout history.
		Fungus Gnats are small flies that breed in slimy fungus, hence their name.
		Wood Decay Fungus is the proper term for the species of fungus that damage wood.
	www.cascadepest.com /pest.htm (5461 words)

	fungus gnat
		BioImages UK Fungus Gnats are tiny flies which look a lot like mosquitos, only much smaller.
		Adult Fungus Gnats will come out of their pupae if the weather is warm.
		Fungus Gnats are not the gnats that bother people in the Summer.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/fungus_gnat.htm (222 words)

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		If it is a familiar edible fungus, the lower stalk and dirt-covered base may be cut off and the fresh, dirt-free specimens wrapped together to lessen the work of cleaning at home.
		Cut each fungus in half to see if it contains worm holes as it is possible to see worm holes in the stalk but not in the cap of larger specimens.
		Razor-strop fungus is so tough that it can be used to sharpen knives or chopped up for corks, corn plasters and kindling.
	www.seeny.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /mush.htm (2233 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Research: Horticultural Themes - Honey fungus
		Armillaria) is a common fungus that exists frequently on dead plant material, but has the ability to become parasitic on living roots of many sorts of plant.
		Although the active part of the fungus is beneath the ground, it above-ground effects can be dramatic, as in the sudden death of a shrub.
		When honey fungus has been confirmed, all dead plants should be dug up and destroyed.
	www.rhs.org.uk /learning/research/horticultural_themes/honeyfungus.asp (305 words)

	Country Life : Pursuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The harmful part of the fungus is not actually the sporophore, or mushroom, but the rhizomorphs that invade and attack the roots of the tree underground.
		If the mycelium of the fungus reaches the collar of the tree, then its vascular bundles will be blocked, and the tree starts to shed its leaves in order to reduce transpiration loss.
		If these crop up, and any nearby trees or shrubs are dropping their leaves unusually early, it is fairly probable that you have a case of honey fungus.
	www.countrylife.co.uk /gardensgardening/plants/fungus1.php (264 words)

	Armillaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		At bottom left we see the sulphur-yellow spreading fans of hyphae of the fungus on the wood surface - the advancing margin is indicated by the three fl arrowheads.
		The fungus infects these crops from the stumps or major root tissues that were left after clearing, and it can only be eradicated by removing all the major root fragments that provide a food base - an expensive operation.
		In some cases the fungus produces coils in the cells of the orchid tubers, and these coils are digested by the orchid as a source of nutrients.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/armill.htm (3126 words)

	Honey Fungus control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		I believe that i have a method of controlling or suppressing Honey Fungus (armillaria) in the garden environment.
		The method I am trying is a biological control using Orchids to keep control of an established infestation of Honey Fungus.
		The description of the fruiting bodies sounded like Honey fungus, but as the garden was in North Wales, nearly 300 miles away it took a few weeks before I could investigate in person.
	www.webmesh.co.uk /experiment1.htm (592 words)

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