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Topic: Hong Xiuquan

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	Hong Xiuquan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hóng Xiùquán (洪秀全, Wade-Giles: Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, born Hong Renkun 洪仁坤, Courtesy name Huoxiu 火秀; January 10, 1812-June 1, 1864) was a Hakka Chinese Christian who led the Taiping Rebellion and established the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping, in which he was known as the Heavenly King (天王/Tīan wáng).
		Beginning in 1853, Hong began to retreat from the political life as a king and became obsessed with his faith and engaged in sensual activities.
		In his birthplace, in 1959, the PRC established a small museum called Hong Xiuquan's Former Residence Memorial Museum (洪秀全故居紀念館), where there is a longan tree planted by him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hong_Xiuquan (974 words)

	Hong Rengan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because of his beliefs, Hong is sometimes noted as the first modern Chinese nationalist, and he was mentioned in early writings by both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China.
		In 1864 Hong Xiuquan was found dead and the city of Nanjing soon fell to Qing forces.
		Hong Rengan and the other Taiping leaders fled the city and attempted to maintain their rule through the decrees of Hong Tianguifu, son of Hung Xiuquan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hong_Rengan (582 words)

	Taiping Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864) was perhaps the bloodiest civil war in human history, a clash between the forces of the Qing Empire in China and those inspired by a Hakka self-proclaimed mystic named Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who had claimed that he was the new Messiah and younger brother of Jesus Christ.
		Hong Xiuquan had even bestowed the title "Holy Wind the Comforter" to one of his lieutenants.
		Ranked below the King of Heaven (天王), Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全), the territory was divided among provincial rulers called kings or princes, initially there were five — the Kings of the Four Quarters and the King of the Yi (meaning flanks).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taiping_Rebellion (2190 words)

	Taiping Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ranked below the King of Heaven, Hong Xiuquan, the territory was divided among provincial rulers called kingss or princes, initially there were four -- the Kings of the Four Quarters.
		Of the original rulers, the West King and South King were killed in combat in 1852, the East King was murdered by the North King in 1856 and the North King was subsequently executed.
		Gan Prince (干王), Hong Rengan (洪仁玕 hong2 ren1 gan1) (1822-1864, excuted), younger brother of Hong Xiuquan
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/t/ta/taiping_rebellion_1.html (905 words)

	Hong Xiuchuan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong's birthplace lay in southern China near Canton, a region prone to smuggling and piracy.
		Hong attacked the authority of Confucian scholars and the examination system as well as the "foreign" Qing emperors and their Manchu representatives, as well as the foreign influence of Europeans in China.
		Hong died during this siege of Nanjing, the capital of his Heavenly Kingdom, in 1864, and his son took over the leadership of the Heavenly Kingdom.
	www.tnstate.edu /edachowski/hong_xiuquan.htm (1233 words)

	Taiping Rebellion
		The Taiping Rebellion (1851 - 1864) was one of the bloodiest conflicts in history, a clash between the forces of Imperial China and those inspired by Hong Xiuquan (in Wade-Giles: Hung Hsiu-ch'üan), a mystic.
		In August 1851, Hong then declared the establishment of the Heavenly Kindgom of Taiping with himself as absolute ruler.
		Ranked below the King of Heaven, Hong Xiuquan, the territory was divided among provincial rulers called kings or princes, initially there were four -- the Kings of the Four Quarters.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ta/Taiping.html (890 words)

	Hong Xiuquan
		Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全 in pinyin: hong2 xiu4 quan2) (in Wade-Giles: Hung Hsiu-ch'üan) (January 10, 1812-1864), a Hakka Chinese Christian who led the Taiping Rebellion and established the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping, in which he was known as the King of Heaven (天王 tian1 wang2).
		He committed suicide by poison on June 1, 1864 at the age of 52 after all hope of maintaining his kingdom was lost.
		In his birthplace, in 1959, the PRC established a small museum called Hong Xiuquan's Former Residence Memorial Museum (洪秀全故居紀念館;), where there is a longan tree planted by him.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ho/Hong_Xiuquan.html (921 words)

	Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan was brought to this place with the move and settlement of the whole family on Jan.1st, 1841, not long after his birth.
		The present Hong Xiuquan’s Former Residence is a renovated one and what was renovated at the same time was the private primary school called “Book Chamber Building” where Hong Xiuquan studied and taught in his youth.
		Hong Xiuquan’s Former Residence is the Historical Monuments and Cultural Relics under State Protection and the base of the patriotic education.
	www.visitgz.com /english/culture/history/200510/25.htm (1158 words)

	A Xenophobic Revolution
		Hong's third failure to pass the examinations in 1837 was particularly upsetting.
		Hostilities began sporadically in 1848, when bands of Hong Xiuquan's followers attacked local jails to free their "apostles." Hong had a few favorite targets of his own and managed to expand his ranks by smashing Buddhist, Daoist and Confucian temples and boldly striking at the heart of idolatry and superstition.
		Although Hong Xiuquan had neither the genius nor talent for the kind of political leadership and organization necessary to carry such a wide-spread revolutionary movement, the Taiping Rebellion was extraordinarily successful.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C19/E1902.htm (3000 words)

	History House: Christ's Brother goes to China
		Hong Xiuquan was one such social climber: he took the exams in 1827, 1836, 1837, and 1843, all to no avail.
		Hong was so upset with his third failure in 1837 that he fell ill for several days and had a strange, beatific vision.
		Hong discarded the episode as a case of the pink elephants and, in 1843, he re-took and re-flunked the exam.
	www.historyhouse.com /in_history/taiping (1278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan was born in Hua County thirty miles north of Canton in 1814.
		Hong Rengan is forbidden by his father and elder brother to join Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan, and two of Feng's relatives when they leave Guanlubu in April 1844, to spread the word according to this new member of God's family.
		Hong Xiuquan now began to retreat more and more into mysticism and announced to the faithful that his son, Tiangui, would now deal with all worldly affairs so that Hong might concentrate on leading his followers to their heavenly place.
	info.csd.org /staffdev/iecweb/taiping.htm (6500 words)

	The People's Government of Huadu,Guangzhou
		Xiuquan went to school at seven and after three years of schooling he was familiar with "the Four Books" and "the Five Classics".
		According to history book, after the Peaceful Heaven Kingdom failed, Hong Xiuquan died with illness and the rest of the whole family were killed by the government of Qing Dynasty.
		The Memorial of Hong Xiuquan was established in 1991 on Xinhua Road of Xinhua Town.
	www.huadu.gov.cn /english/hdzc/chuan7-3.htm (376 words)

	Taiping Rebellion: The destruction of the Chinese culture
		Hong's dedication and ability to succeed in rebellion once again proved how weak our Chinese government was and still is. (2)The Rebellion left myself and many others applaud at the amount of lives taken in the Rebellion.
		Hong Xiuquan was the leader of the Taiping rebellion (3).
		Hong Xiuquan's efforts were carried with the justification of a religious movement.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/westernstudies/second/24/gblock/matts (927 words)

	God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan by Jonathan D. Spence
		The Taiping uprising, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a massive millennial movement that, in its violent rise and fall between 1845 and 1864, cost at least twenty million Chinese their lives.
		We enter the fevered dream world of Hong Xiuquan as he meets his Heavenly family; we see the torments awaiting earthly sinners in King Yan Luo's hell; we feel the anxieties of Westerners living circumscribed lives on the edges of a China they do not understand.
		This is a China of vast instability, ruled by a dynasty in decline, beset by pirates and bandits in areas beyond the government'sreach, pressed by Western traders to embrace opium, Western missionaries the word of God, and arms dealers the new weapons of the industrial revolution.
	www.china-manufactory.com /822388.html (672 words)

	phorum - Hakka Chinese Forum at Asiawind - The youth of Hong Xiuquan
		Hong Xiuquan took them home and after glancing through their contents he placed them in his book-case thinking that they were unimportance.
		Hong Xiuquan looked down and saw such a degree of depravity and vice that he was flabbergasted.
		Hong Xiuquan, during his sickness, often, as his mind was wandering, used to run about his room, leaping and fighting like a soldier engaged in battle.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=1&i=7235&t=7235 (2862 words)

	God's Chinese Son
		There is no doubt that Hong was one of the most important leaders of the Taiping movement, and his strange dreams and interpretations of Christianity fascinate many scholars.
		Yet, the relationship between the mind of Hong Xiuquan and the movement he inspired is quite complicated.
		To understand Hong's mind and its relation to the Taiping movement, then, one also needs to understand Hong's social and economic ideals, the counter-ideals proposed by his opponents, and their influence upon changes in Hong's thought and action.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/spence2.htm (532 words)

	Hong Xiuquan - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Hong directed his message particularly to his fellow Hakka, who spoke a separate dialect and maintained distinct customs from other Chinese.
		Hong Kong, administrative region of China, consisting of a mainland portion located on the country’s southeastern coast and about 235 islands.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Hong_Xiuquan.html (117 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: Apocalypse Then
		Hong Xiuquan (pronounced shiu-chwan) was born into a family of Hakka farmers in Hua county in 1814.
		As Hong grew into manhood, China teetered on the brink of catastrophe: the British pumped opium into the ports; the Q'ing issued punishing decrees to a drug-zonked population-conversing with a foreigner became reason enough to lose one's job, or one's head.
		As Hong wandered the gardens of his fortress, chewing dementedly on the clotted weeds he called "manna" and knowing full well that outside his walls 20 million people lay dead and China lay burning, he would have done well to remember the words of a man he called his elder brother: "Beware of false prophets.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/books/reviews/god_s_ch.htm (1396 words)

	Hist250Lesson7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong forced to yield much power to Yang Xiuqing, former deputy, who convinced the Taipings he was none other than the Holy Ghost.
		Hong withdrew into a palace world of sensual pleasures and religious mysticism, surrounding himself with concubines and searching the Bible for prophesies about himself and his mission.
		Hong Ren’gan was not able to retain the upper Yangzi for the Taiping, and attack against Suzhou and Hangzhou was beaten back, so last remnants of support for Taiping’s disappeared.
	www.asianlang.mq.edu.au /chinese/Hist250_2003seven.htm (2218 words)

	Falun Gong in historical context
		Hong Xiuquan would successfully control, for almost 15 years, the Yangtze Valley, the most fertile part of the Qing empire (1644-1911).
		Having established the Peace Heaven Kingdom (Taiping Tianguo), Hong Xiuquan would proclaim the Ten Commandments that Moses had allegedly received from the Judea-Christian God on Mount Sinai as constitution for his new Peace Heaven Kingdom and, amid other social and land reforms, would introduce a new solar calendar with a 366-day-year.
		Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Rebellion would be put down in 1865 by Zeng Kuofan, the Qing dynasty general, with the help of American mercenary Frederick Townsend Ward (1831-1862) who would arrive in Shanghai in 1859.
	www.marxmail.org /archives/July99/falun_gong_in_historical_context.htm (1048 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They are Hong Xiuquan (1813-1864), the leader of the Taiping Rebellion, Kang Youwei (1858-1927), the leader of the Hundred Days Reform, Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), the leader of the Nationalist revolution, and Mao Zedong (1893-1976), the leader of Communist revolution.
		Hong claimed that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, and was commissioned to stamp out all demon worships, including Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, and to create a heavenly kingdom in this world.
		Hong’s real intention was probably to use the new faith as a powerful means to launch his peasant revolution.
	www.daltonstate.edu /faculty/bguo/utopianism.htm (5314 words)

	Books in Review: God's Chinese Son (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan himself appears to have been fascinated and troubled by the differences between his own construal of Christianity and those offered by both Catholic Christians in Nanjing (of whom there were about two hundred in 1851) and by the Baptist missionaries, with whom he had extensive discussions in the 1850s.
		Hong was not above emending the text, rewriting it in light of his own assured prophetic knowledge of God's nature and will.
		Hong Xiuquan's message, like that of St. Paul (and perhaps like that of Jesus himself), was directed at and seems to have appealed largely to nonelites.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9606/reviews/griffiths.html (1611 words)

	Taiping Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan was a scholar who wanted to become an official.
		In response, Hong established the Taiping Tianguo and his followers created an army that within two years of fighting pushed the boundaries from Guangxi to the old Ming capital of Nanjing.
		Hong and his lieutenants did not continue their march at once, and they created a new imperial system in Nanjing.
	www.lcsc.edu /modchin/u3s1p3.htm (387 words)

	The Taiping Rebellion Ends Today
		Hong Xiuquan was a Christian convert who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus.
		Hong Xiuquan and his small group of followers believed that the Manchu rulers were the main propagators of demon worship.
		In 1853, Hong Xiuquan and his rebels took over Nanjing and made it his capital where he ran his 'kingdom'.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/westernstudies/second/24/dblock/taylorw (553 words)

	Amazon.de: God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan: English Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan, a Cantonese schoolteacher driven mad by his failure to pass the civil-service exam, proclaimed himself Heavenly King, formed the God-worshipping Army (comprised of famine-stricken peasants) and in 1853 seized Nanking as his capital.
		Spanning the early-to mid-nineteenth century, the resulting epic study presents a fascinating history of the sect's leader: Hong's involvement with a Christian evangelist's writings and the developing mystical beliefs that led him to become a preacher with grandiose plans for Chinese citizenry.
		The discussion of Hong's religious beliefs, a mixture of Christianity and his own personal odd opinions, is a fascinating study in the origin of a religious sect, making the book well worth the time to read for that part alone.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0393038440 (860 words)

	Hong Xiuquan - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hong Xiuquan - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Hong Xiuquan (1814-1864), Chinese religious visionary and revolutionary who led the Taiping Rebellion.
		Hong Kong S.A.R. Hong Kong S. City Map
	au.encarta.msn.com /Hong_Xiuquan.html (120 words)

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