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Topic: Hongwu Emperor of China

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	Hongwu Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hongwu was succeeded by his grandson, but he was soon usurped by his uncle Chengzu, a younger son of Hongwu, who ruled as the Yongle Emperor from 1403 to 1424 (Yongle was responsible for moving the capital back to Beijing).
		Hongwu noted the destructive role of court eunuchs under the Song Dynasty, drastically reducing their numbers, forbidding them to handle documents, insisting that they remained illiterate, and liquidating those who commented on state affairs.
		Hongwu had a strong aversion to the imperial eunuchs (a castrated court of servants for the emperor), epitomized by a tablet in his palace stipulating: "Eunuchs must have nothing to do with the administration".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hongwu_Emperor_of_China (1483 words)

	Hongwu Emperor of China : Hongwu
		Hongwu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was one of the only two dynasty founders who emerged from the peasant class.
		Hongwu was succeeded by his grandson, but he son was soon usurped by his uncle Cheng-tsu, a younger son of Hongwu, who ruled as the Emperor Yung-lo from 1403 to 1424 (Yung-lo was responsible for moving the capital back to Beijing).
		Hongwu had a strong aversion to the imperial eunuchs (a castrated court of servants for the emperor), capsized by a tablet in his palace stipulating: "Eunuchs must have nothing to do with the administration".
	www.fastload.org /ho/Hongwu.html (1094 words)

	The Hong Wu Emperor
		The Hong Wu Emperor wanted to fix the mess that had been left by the Mongols, and to prevent mistakes and corruption, he put all the power into his own hands so he could repair the Ming Dynasty in the most effective and efficient way.
		The Hong Wu Emperor felt that the military needed authority and respect because the Mongols were still a threat.
		A sketch of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.lakesideschool.org /studentweb/worldhistory/EastAsia1400-1700e/TheHongWuEmperor.htm (1634 words)

	The Revival of Chinese Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zhu Yuanzhang, (Hongwu Emperor of China or Hong-wu) the founder of the dynasty, laid the foundations for a state little interested in commerce and more interested in extracting revenues from the agricultural sector.
		Perhaps because of the Emperor's background as a peasant, the Ming economic system emphasized agriculture, unlike that of Song, which had preceded the Mongolian and relied on traders and merchants for revenues.
		The emperor's role became even more autocratic, although Zhu Yuanzhang necessarily continued to use what he called the Grand Secretaries to assist with the immense paperwork of the bureaucracy, which included memorials (petitions and recommendations to the throne), imperial edicts in reply, reports of various kinds, and tax records.
	www.chineseculture.info /history/revival.htm (450 words)

	Famous Ancient Chinese People Topic Center: Emperor - Chinese
		Emperor Shun The Emperor Shun (w) (2258-2211 BC) was a lengendary leader of prehistoric China, among the Three August Ones and th...
		Emperor Gao of Han China Emperor Gao (256 BC or 247 BC—June 1, 195 BC), commonly known inside China as Gaozu, pe...
		Liu Bei Liu Bei was the founder of the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
	www.famouschinese.com /topic/Famous_Ancient_Chinese_People?sub=Emperor (459 words)

	Jurchens - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor dispatched a mission to establish contact with the tribes of Odoli, Huligai and T'owen, beginning the sinicisation of the Jurchen people.
		The Yongle Emperor found allies among the various Jurchen tribes against the Mongols.
		He created a formidable synthesis of nomadic institutions, providing the basis of the Manchu state and later the conquest of China by the Qing dynasty.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Jurchens (821 words)

	zhu di (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		fr:Yung-lo The Yongle (永樂;) Emperor of China was the third ruler in the Ming Dynasty, from 1403 to 1424.
		He moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
		According to a popular legend, the capital was moved when the emperor's advisors brought the emperor to the hills surrounding Nanjing and pointed out the emperor's palace showing the vulnerablity of the palace to artillery attack.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Zhu_Di.html (175 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty General Yi Seonggye led a coup d'état, overthrowing the kingdom of Goryeo and founding the kingdom of Joseon
		End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan
		August 10 - Albert II of Habsburg, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=1390s (149 words)

	CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Memorial of the Propagation in China of the Luminous Religion from Daqin
		Search the CHINA Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named CHINA at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/C/CHINA.htm (279 words)

	McREL online standards and benchmark database
		Understands how China viewed its role in the world during the Ming Dynasty (e.g., why China's attitude toward external political and commercial relations changed after the Zheng He voyages from 1405 to 1433, the Chinese belief that other countries had a tributary relationship to the celestial empire)
		Understands interactions between China and other countries during the Ming Dynasty (e.g., the Chinese view of itself as the "Middle Kingdom;" political, commercial, and cultural relations with Korea, Vietnam, and other societies of East and Southeast Asia)
		Understands features of class structure and sources of social change in China (e.g., the effects of American crops and silver on demographic, economic, and social change in China; the stratification of Chinese society under Ming rule)
	www.mcrel.org /compendium/topicsDetail.asp?topicsID=186&subjectID=6 (697 words)

	1368 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hongwu Emperor of ChinaHongwu establishes the Ming Dynasty in China.
		Some Chinese scholars consider this the end of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty/.
		Emperor Chokei of JapanEmperor Chokei ascends to the throne of Japan/
	www.infothis.com /find/1368 (343 words)

	List of Chinese people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Kangxi Emperor of China, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty
		Qianlong Emperor of China, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty
		See also: List of leaders of the Republic of China, Premier of the Republic of China
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_chinese_people.html (257 words)

	McREL online standards and benchmark database
		Understands shifts in the political climate in China
		Knows economic and political reforms and other achievements of the Hongwu emperor in China
		Knows how the reforms of the Hongwu empreor restored for the Ming Dynasty continuity with pre Yuan Empires
	www.mcrel.org /compendium/topicsDetail.asp?topicsID=567&subjectID=6 (272 words)

	1368 articles and news from Start Learning Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		- Hongwu Emperor of ChinaHongwu establishes the Ming Dynasty in China.
		- Emperor Chokei of JapanEmperor Chokei ascends to the throne of Japan
		Ancient Literary Masterpieces of China and Japan - The Tao Te Ching.
	www.startlearningnow.com /articles/1368.htm (206 words)

	List of state leaders in 1384
		Monarch (Southern Court)- Go-Kameyama, Emperor of Japan (1383-1392)
		Northern Yuan - Uskhal Khan, Emperor of Northern Yuan (1378-1387)
		Byzantine Empire (Palaeologan Dynasty) - John V, Emperor (1341-1391)
	toshare.dynup.net /en/List_of_state_leaders_in_1384.htm (128 words)

	1398 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		January 31 - Emperor Suko of Japan (b.
		June 24 - Hongwu Emperor of China, founder of the Ming Dynasty (b.
		July 20 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/1398 (178 words)

	Articles - 1398 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		February 25 - Xuande Emperor of China (died 1435)
		January 31 - Emperor Suko of Japan (born 1334)
		June 24 - Hongwu Emperor of China (born 1328)
	lastring.com /articles/1398?mySession=6bf1644885b084ed53b85b49ce3b5c6f (195 words)

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