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	Hongxi Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hongxi Emperor (August 16, 1378–May 29, 1425) was an Emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China.
		As soon as he became Emperor Hongxi in September 1424, he canceled Zheng He's maritime expeditions and abolished frontier trade of tea for horses as well as missions for gold and pearls to Yunnan and Annam.
		Although Hongxi had a short reign, he is credited with reforms that made lasting improvements, and his liberal policies were carried on by his son, Xuande Emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hongxi_Emperor (297 words)

	Xuande Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Xuande Emperor (February 25, 1398 – January 31, 1435) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1425–1435.
		Born Zhu Zhanji, he was emperor Hongxi's son.
		Emperor Xuande wanted to withdraw his troops from Annam, but some of his advisors disagreed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xuande_Emperor (550 words)

	Hongxi Emperor: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		1505) was emperor of the ming dynasty in...)
		Tianqi Emperor (The tianqi emperor (1605-1627) was emperor of china (ming dynasty) from 1620 to 1627....)
		1464) was an emperor of the ming dynasty....)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/hongxi_emperor (636 words)

	Yongle Emperor Theme @ VariedMedia.com (Varied Media) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
		Emperor Yang (reigned 604–617 extended it to the nine agnates.
	www.variedmedia.com /encyclopedia/Yongle_Emperor (1995 words)

	Yongle Emperor: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360–August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty (Ming Dynasty: The imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644) of China (China: A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) from 1402 to 1424.
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs (Ming Dynasty Tombs: the ming dynasty tombs (; pinyin: ming2 chao2...
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty (Ming Dynasty: The imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/yongle_emperor (2520 words)

	Home - Ren zong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The emperor or huangdi (皇帝 in pinyin: huang2 di4) of China was the head of government and head of state of China from the Qin dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911.
		Wanli Emperor of the Ming, Guangxu Emperor of the Qing).
		Emperor Renzong of Yuan China was the 4th leader of the Yuan Dynasty to rule as Emperor of China and did so between 1311 and 1320.
	ren.zong.en.infoax.org (2910 words)

	Hongxi Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Hongxi Emperor of China, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, ...
		Hongxi Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Hongxi Emperor of China, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Zheng He,...
		Hongxi Emperor of China, Hongxi Emperor, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find...
		Hongxi (1378–1425) was an emperor of China of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hongxi_Emperor_of_China.html (108 words)

	Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck
		Emperor Hongwu wrote a commentary on Lao-zi's Dao De Jing in 1375, and he thought maybe he should not put to death so many people; but the next year he had hundreds of officials executed for pre-stamping fiscal documents as a convenience.
		Scholars criticized the Emperor for harsh methods; but in 1385 Hongwu had his vice-minister of revenue and hundreds of others executed for embezzling, and the minister of personnel was accused of slandering the head of the National University and was put to death.
		The Emperor's heir Zhu Biao died of illness in 1392.
	www.san.beck.org /3-7-MingEmpire.html (23715 words)

	Hongxi Emperor - Hongxi Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our Hongxi Emperor web location is yet expanding so we have not much managed to comprehend volumes of support, however what we have done so far is researched the too best Hongxi Emperor sites on the net.
		Our Hongxi Emperor web location is yet expanding so we have not much managed to provide lots of file, however what we have done so far is researched the too best Hongxi Emperor The main assistance that web based Hongxi Emperor businesses constantly have over traditional Hongxi Emperor operations is that costs are markedly lower.
		Columbus's reputation, in turn, would hardly have been what it was had it not been for the decision of the Hongxi emperor, in 1424, to suspend China's far more costly and ambitious program of maritime exploration,...
	caballinese.blogsilla.com /Hongxi_Emperor (657 words)

	List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A series of claimants to the Ming throne continued to claim the throne of what was known as the Southern Ming until the last was executed in 1662.
		His brother, the Jingtai emperor, assumed the throne and, a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Zhengtong emperor who returned to live in seclusion.
		However, the Zhengtong emperor was able to reclaim his position upon the death of his brother, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Ming_dynasty_emperors (376 words)

	Zheng He and Ming China: The Lone Mariner and His Times \| All Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When Emperor Hongwu died and passed the throne to his eldest grandson Yunwen, the furious Prince of Yan gathered his private troops and marched to the capital, with Zheng He as a wing commander.
		Emperor Hongwu established the Ming tributary system merely as a way for foreign countries to acknowledge the empire’s status – private profiteering by envoys was strictly denied.
		Given the historical context, Emperor Hongxi does not deserve blame for shortsightedness; on the contrary, he should be praised for his practical concern of the people.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=zheng_he_ming_china (3758 words)

	Illustrated Ming Emperors
		The objective is to present a brief history of the Ming dynasty using original court portraits of Ming emperors as well as related artwork of the period.
		The 277 years of Ming dynasty is not only the final imperial dynasty ruled by the indigenous Han or Chinese people but also one that is characterized by the relatively stable government internally and the expansion of Chinese influence externally.
		We propose in future to annotate each portrait with text about the emperor depicted, his life and times, his accomplishments and setbacks.
	www.geissfoundation.org /pear_publications/pearpub_ming_emperors/illustrated_ming_emperors.htm (416 words)

	Yongle: yongle, yongle encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But Zhu Di was not the oldest brother, forcing his father to name the Prince of Jin the crown prince.
		Regardless, on July 17, 1402, after a brief visit to his father's tomb, Zhu Di was crowned Emperor Yongle at the age of 42.
		As a result, Gaoxu became infuriated and refused to give up jockeying for his father's favor and refusing to move to Yunnan province (of which he was prince).
	winelib.com /wiki/Yongle (2349 words)

	Zheng He - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Zheng He was a Muslim, born in 1371, who served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403–1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
		By the mid-15th century, a princess of China, Princess Hang Li Po (or Hang Liu) was sent by the Emperor of China to marry the Sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mansur Shah.
		His successor, the Hongxi Emperor (reigned 1424–1425), decided to curb the influence at court.
	www.jaipurgrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Zheng_He (2345 words)

	Ming Tombs near Beijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most of the tombs of the different Chinese dynasties are found within similar valleys and contrary with what happened to their palaces, which were destroyed immediately by the following dynasties, in most cases their tombs were respected by dynasties that also took as a rule ancestor worshipping.
		The first Ming emperor to have been buried there was Yongle, the third emperor of the dynasty, who transferred the capital city from Nanjing to Beijing.
		Emperor Wanli's tomb, known as Dingling Tomb, which is the one actually excavated.
	www.chinaviva.com /eng/travel/beijingming.htm (299 words)

	Yongle Emperor - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs.
		His father, Emperor Hongwu supplied nothing but the best education for his sons and eventually entitled them their own princedoms.
		Even Zhu Di's troops praised his effectiveness - especially when Emperor Hongwu rewarded them for their service.
	yunglo.quickseek.com (2296 words)

	Zheng He (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By the mid-15th century, a princess of China, Princess Hang Li Po (or Hang Liu) was sent by the Emperor of China to marry the King of Malacca (Sultan Mansur Shah).
		His successor, the Hongxi Emperor (reigned 1424–1425), decided to curb the influence of the eunuchs at court.
		They were primarily conducted to increase the prestige of the Emperor and the costs of the expeditions and of the return gifts provided to foreign royalty and ambassadors more than offset the benefit of any tribute collected.
	zheng-he.iqnaut.net (1844 words)

	Ming Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Emperor decreed that protocol official examine the sincerity and authenticity of the delegation, with an order to ban exchange and trade between two countries should there be lack of such sincerity and authenticity.
		Protocol suggested to emperor that new tallies should not be issued till old tallies were cancelled and that Xuande-era regulation as to 3 boats and ten year interval should be enforced.
		Emperor Kangxi, however, prohibited Catholics by imprisoning Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon who arrived in China in AD 1705 with a pope order as to exclusion of Heaven, ancestors and Confucius among Christian converts.
	www.uglychinese.org /ming.htm (13748 words)

	Yongle Emperor of China - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360–August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		Hongwu died on June 24th, 1398, and Zhu Yunwen was crowned Emperor Jianwen.
		Despite much council from his advisors, Yongle chose his older son, Gaozhi (the future Hongxi Emperor), as his heir apparent mainly due to advising from Xie Jin.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Yongle_Emperor_of_China (2035 words)

	Top Literature - May 29
		May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years).
		363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sassanid capital, but is impossible to conquer it.
		1864 - Emperor Maximilian of Mexico arrives in Mexico for the first time.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=May_29 (982 words)

	wiki/1421 theory Definition / wiki/1421 theory Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Emperors are generally recognised to be above kings in honour.
		During the rule of Mongols, there were strong feelings against the rule of "the foreigners" among the populace, which finally led to a peasant revolt that pushed the Yuan...
		A year later, his successor (son), the Hongxi Emperor The Hongxi Emperor (August 16, 1378–May 29, 1425) was an Emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/1421_theory (1683 words)

	Ming invasion of Japan? - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Emperor Go-Komatsu (後小松天皇 Go-Komatsu Tennō) (August 1, 1377 - December 1, 1433) was the 100th imperial ruler of Japan.
		The Emperor Hongxi who came after Yongle had shut off the travels of Zheng He.
		Xuande who came after Hongxi, was also busy with Annam and Mongolia, again doubtful either of the Emperors would even consider consolidating their hold over Japan, as long as Japan are willing to pay tribute to the Imperial Ming throne.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9307 (1537 words)

	:::► Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄:::
		image_name=Image:Hongxi.jpg center250 pxCourt portrait of the Hongxi Emperor
		They are not in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.'' }} The '''Hongxi Emperor''' (August 16, 1378–May 29, 1425) was an emperor of China Emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China.
		There you will find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Hongxi Emperor.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Hongxi_Emperor.html (332 words)

	Years of Rice and Salt: Trivia and Study Guide
		He attempted to have his nephew, the previous Jiangwen 健文 emperor, killed (supposedly in a palace fire, though Jiangwen may have survived to live in obscurity as a recluse), and stole the throne.
		When the emperor died suddenly, Chao concealed his death and made up a fake imperial decree ordering a rival official to commit suicide; he followed this by killing several other officials.
		Born in 1378, he was not a young man at all when he took the throne, so either KSR has changed Chinese history significantly in having the Yongle die sooner, or he's taking artistic license in describing the Yongle's struggles to get his son to appreciate his position.
	www.geocities.com /heiankyo794/tyoras-guide.html (7179 words)

	TigerHawk
		Columbus could hardly have anticipated that what historians would choose to remember, when the anniversary finally did roll around in 1992, was the near genocide he had set in motion by unleashing the forces of imperialism, capitalism, technology, religion, and especially disease upon civilizations that had few defenses against them.
		Columbus's reputation, in turn, would hardly have been what it was had it not been for the decision of the Hongxi emperor, in 1424, to suspend China's far more costly and ambitious program of maritime exploration, thus leaving the great discoveries to the Europeans.
		The Emperor has seen the invention as a threat to the peace of his realm and reflects: Here is a man who has made a certain machine...
	tigerhawk.blogspot.com /2006/01/christopher-columbus-richard-m-nixon.html (923 words)

	who is the biggest villain in chinese history? - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		The end of the voyages and the anti-maritime attitude behind it was not the result of one emperor or another.
		It was Yongle's son, the Emperor Hongxi, who in 1425 stationed Zheng He in Nanjing and charged him with beautification of the auxillary capital, thus ending the voyages (until the very last voyage during Xuande's reign).
		I think the worst ruler is Cixi, she killed some emperors for her own gain, halting the reform, spending tax money for luxury when China need it the most.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3173&st=60 (615 words)

	AHA Information: Frederic Wakeman, Jr. Presidential Address (1992) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When the Yongle emperor died in 1424, the suzerainty of China was acknowledged by more foreign rulers than ever before; and representatives of 67 overseas states, including 7 kings, came bearing tribute.
		The decline of the Ming navy was precipitate.
		There were rumors that the Jianwen emperor had escaped, although the new government announced that his remains had been found and would be buried with the other two corpses.
	www.historians.org /info/AHA_history/fwakeman.htm (7846 words)

	List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty - China-related Topics LI-LL - China-Related Topics
			2 The Yongle emperor usurped the throne of his nephew the Jianwen emperor, who was officially said to have died in a palace fire but who was suspected of escaping to live as a recluse.
		The Yongle emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him.
		However, the Zhengtong emperor was able to reclaim his position upon the death of his brother, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/List_of_Emperors_of_the_Ming_Dynasty (433 words)

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