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	FOOTBALL HOOLIGANISM
		It is impossible to claim that all "football hooligans" are of a certain age or class or possess a particular "psychological make-up".
		Football hooliganism was one of the first issues to attract academics to the study of football, with sociologists, historians and psychologists developing hypotheses explaining why football hooliganism continues to occur.
		In Italy, hooligan groups known as "ultra's" have clashed with rival firms and the police, whilst a Molotov Cocktail was thrown at the Internazionale team coach, by their own fans, after a 6-1 Italian Cup defeat at the hands of Parma.
	www.liv.ac.uk /footballindustry/hooligan.html (2109 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Football hooliganism
		Football hooliganism is a distinct form of disorderly behaviour or hooliganism in which participants are supporters or adherents of one or more football clubs or national teams, and is frequently, although not exclusively, evidenced at or immediately before or after matches.
		Hooliganism is said to have made the entrance in Sweden when supporters of IFK Göteborg invaded the pitch, destroyed the goals and fought the police in the end of the football match in 1970 that destined the club to be relegated from the highest league.
		Hooliganism in Denmark is almost exclusively a domestic affair; the traveling supporters of the national team, known as roligans, are as renowned as the Scottish supporters (the Tartan Army) for their peaceful nature.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Football-hooliganism (722 words)

	The Specter of Hooliganism Returns \| World Cup 2006 \| Deutsche Welle \| 07.04.2005
		German hooliganism initially took off on the international stage at the 1988 European Championships on home soil and to a larger extent four years later at the same tournament held in Sweden when the Germans matched the notorious England fans fist for boot.
		German hooligans had increased their reputation among the European firms -- the insider name for groups -- over a number of years after a 'golden age' of disorder in the 1970s, when club soccer was blighted by violent rivalries and infiltration by politically motivated groups.
		German hooligans could be at the forefront of a "struggle for dominance" at the 2006 World Cup, according to hooliganism expert Professor Eric Downing in an interview with DW-WORLD.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,1539291,00.html (1270 words)

	POLICY and INTERVENTION
		Kerr suggests the football hooligan is paratelic dominant, and hence when there are "discrepancies between preferred and actual levels of felt arousal in the paratelic state (as a result of being frequently bored)" (p.
		At one point Kerr seems to suggest hooligans are not proper fans and that the football is contingent to their lifestyle, yet this ignores the powerful relationship between masculine sport, masculine identity and parochial affiliation which seems to be central to any discussion of why hooliganism occurs at football in such a way.
		Kerr explores the relationship between hooliganism and far right activism, and finds that while the leaders of the gangs are motivated by fascist ideology, the average football hooligan is just interested in the fighting and the deviant behaviour.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /RevSoc/archive/volume10/number2/10-2v.htm (1315 words)

	YouTube - Heizel Drama
		No this only happend when lowlife hooligans come over here to do what they can do the best.
		Juichende Platini na winst tijdens Heizeldrama met 39 doden
		The Global Current (#2) Soccer Hooliganism in Italy
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=cBB9iS9n6XI (469 words)

	How to explore football hooliganism in the classroom \| eG weekly \| EducationGuardian.co.uk
		By allowing a debate on football hooliganism into the classroom, we are examining a unique and unwelcome facet of British culture that may come to figure in the lives and life choices of our students sooner than we or they might imagine.
		Key stage 2 (age 7-11) Discuss the problem of football hooliganism with students, concentrating on the factors that contribute to civil unrest and the results of riots and street fighting.
		As part of a lesson on citizenship or PSHE, use the subject of football hooliganism to focus on the role of the police in society.
	education.guardian.co.uk /egweekly/story/0,5500,1233150,00.html (1260 words)

	SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF ENGLISH SOCCER HOOLIGANISM
		Dunning, E. The social roots of football hooliganism: A reply to the critics of the 'Leicester School'.
		The roots of football hooliganism: An historical and sociological study.
		Hooligans abroad: The behaviour and control of English fans in continental Europe
	www.ucalgary.ca /~kyoung/399s3bo3.htm (595 words)

	Definition of hooliganism - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "hooliganism" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "hooliganism" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "hooliganism" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/hooliganism (26 words)

	ESL Forums :: View topic - What can be done about football hooliganism?
		I think that hooliganism is a social phenomenon and it's a result rather than a cause.
		My opinion about the hooliganism is that hooligans sent away people from stadium and do bad to their teams.
		Some people think that football hooligans are a menace to society.
	www.englishclub.com /esl-forums/viewtopic.php?p=194474 (496 words)

	Hooliganism - World Cup
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		German and Polish hooligans threw bottles and chairs in a clash with police in Dortmund before the German team's game against Poland.
		Welsh and German police in Cardiff stop hooligans from heading to the World Cup.
	worldcup.wetpaint.com /page/Hooliganism (253 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| France faces up to football hooliganism
		Mr Gaudin estimated that another 300 known hooligans could find themselves banned from matches, while the football league says that from now on, all football stadiums must install video surveillance cameras.
		PSG is a club that is known to have a notoriously racist fan base.
		The Boulogne Boys group of supporters, with whom the dead fan Julien Quemener was linked, are said to have modelled themselves on British football hooligans in the 1980s, though the group says it is not linked to the far-right or political in any way.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/6189888.stm (777 words)

	Football hooliganism
		It appears on the contrary that hooligans descend from all imaginable environments and are not pre-eminently unemployed and such-like.
		Hooliganism or comparable behaviour is also not restricted to a certain city, region, or country.
		Hooligans often resemble other young men who have problems at school and in the family situation, particularly in connection to authority figure relationships (conflict with teachers etc.) while social control for the greater part is absent.
	policestudies.homestead.com /hooliganism.html (3884 words)

	Hooliganism - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hooliganism is unruly and destructive behaviour, usually by gangs of young men, its origin is unknown.
		Hooligans have also attached themselves to other sports, such as rugby and even of recent times cricket.
		The behaviour now known as 'football hooliganism' originated in England in the early 1960s, and has been linked with the televising of matches (and of pitch-invasions, riots etc.) and with the 'reclaiming' of the game by the working classes.
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ho/Hooliganism.html (207 words)

	Hospitality Halts Hooliganism
		Hooliganism, legally tabbed as a form of organized crime in Great Britain, first appeared as isolated violent incidents at a handful of the 92 British professional soccer stadia.
		Accordingly, hooliganism and the accompanying fallout of violence became firmly entrenched in British soccer culture.
		Accompanying the increased commercial appeal is an upsurge in hospitality facilities, to the detriment of the hooligan.
	www.iaam.org /Facility_manager/Pages/2003_Sep_Oct/Feature_2.htm (2455 words)

	CNN.com - Football hooliganism a mug's game - February 27, 2002
		The mayhem is a scene from a controversial computer game featuring European football hooligans that has taken Europe by storm, becoming a bestseller in Belgium and the Netherlands.
		Called "Hooligans Storm over Europe", the game appears based on some of the ugly events that characterized the 2000 European football championships.
		Already, the Japanese public is already bracing for an onslaught from hooligans and authorities are tightening up and preparing for the worst.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/02/27/hooligans.asia (564 words)

	The Sport Journal: Volume7, Number3,Summer/Fall 2004:Soccer Hooliganism in England Between the Wars
		Hooliganism has long been associated with soccer in England and has been a common occurrence from the late nineteenth century onwards.
		Therefore, given that soccer hooliganism was not seen to be a social problem at that time, it would therefore have been deemed to hold little or no interest to a newspaper reader.
		Hooliganism was not the social phenomenon that it later became.
	www.thesportjournal.org /2004Journal/Vol7-No3/griggs.asp (2354 words)

	Hooliganism vs. Nazism at the World Cup
		He probably still lives with his mum or is living in a flat with a bunch of other hooligans and they all support each other with a culture of drinking and football.
		Some 3,200 people with histories of violence and hooliganism have been required to surrender their passports and are forbidden to leave Britain during the tournament.
		Hooliganism, Nazism, terrorism, fear of other, putting up walls, hunkering down with our own kind, are all a variation on fear.
	mensnewsdaily.com /2006/06/02/hooliganism-vs-nazism-at-the-world-cup (1501 words)

	Soccer Hooliganism, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heart of a hooligan: a story of vanity, anger and a sudden moving of goalposts.
		Kerr, Martin - Soccer Hooliganism - Judicial Error--France - Soccer Fans--England--Biography.
		Hooligan wars: causes and effects of football violence.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/hooliganism.htm (1533 words)

	Fact Sheet 1: Football and Football Hooliganism: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research: University of ...
		Hooliganism was not popularly identified as a serious social problem in this country until the 1960s - a long time after football's crowds began to fall - so it cannot account on its own for football's declining popularity after the war.
		Hooligans, like other fans, seek 'peak' or 'flow' experiences through their involvement in football; unlike other fans, however, they reject the vicarious role of a football supporter in favour of a more active and rewarding role as a direct participant in spectator confrontations.
		It seems clear, however, that arguing that the hooliganism problem is confined to a handful of known 'organisers' or 'troublemakers' is likely to understate the scope and seriousness of the problem of fighting and disorder among young men in England.
	www.le.ac.uk /footballresearch/resources/factsheets/fs1.html (8887 words)

	Preventing Football Hooliganism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With what they had said to the undercover officers and with what the police had found in their homes being used as the primary evidence against them, on most occasions, individuals arrested in these raids were charged with conspiracy to cause affray or conspiracy to commit violence.
		Throughout the seventies and eighties when football hooliganism was at its worst, uniformed police accompanied away supporters from railway stations and car parks to and from the ground.
		The EU defines hooliganism as ‘having an anti social and violent minority of fans that spoil the enjoyment of the vast majority’.
	www.footballnetwork.org /dev/communityfootball/violence_reduce_violence.asp (1454 words)

	Soccer Hooliganism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To date, the only outbreak of soccer hooliganism in the world cup games has been in Moscow, much to the annoyance of Cameron Sawyer.
		I believe that has changed however, and am worried that hooligans might take it into their clouded and diminutive minds to start attacking the US Embassy, whether Mexico wins or loses in the upcoming last-16 round game.
		Although riot police are sure to be stationed there long before the game even begins, who knows what the combination of alcohol, exhilaration, and pent-up social grievances will bring out (and there are is sure to be plenty of all three, as I'm sure you're aware)".
	wais.stanford.edu /Sports/sports_soccerhooliganism61902.html (338 words)

	What to do about cricket hooliganism
		Hooliganism has truly pervaded the gentleperson's game and it is high time serious action were taken to stem the trend that has sullied Indian cricket's reputation.
		As if to suggest they too did not want to be left behind in the hooliganism, a section of spectators in the third ODI in Rajkot ruined a brilliant display of batting when they threw a bottle onto the field, which struck West Indian bowler Vasbert Drakes.
		Perhaps the worst hooliganism in all of sport is prevalent in English football.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl1924/stories/20021206003810200.htm (1815 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - "Hooliganism" inquiry opened on mosque attack in central Russia
		"Hooliganism is when lamps are removed from entrance halls or garbage is thrown onto the streets, but not when children are killed because of racial hatred or our temples are desecrated," Idrisov said in an apparent reference to the murder of a nine-year-old Tajik girl in St. Petersburg in February 2004.
		The jury convicted the main defendant in the trial of robbery and hooliganism, and cleared him of murder charges.
		Six others were found guilty of hooliganism, and another was cleared of all charges.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20060410/45532667.html (431 words)

	Sports Stories - Football hooliganism on the rise
		The police have reported that the number of football hooligans arrested last year was up by 19% against the year before.
		Most of the hooligan incidents have been out of view from wider public scrutiny but it is far from under control.
		The one occasion last year that was well documented was the trouble during England's Euro 2004 qualifier match with Turkey in April, which resulted in the FA being handed a record fine and stern warning by UEFA.
	www.nightimeuk.com /pubindex/9980138472350.html (257 words)

	Football hooliganism
		The Assembly considers that football hooliganism is a threat to the sport and that more efforts will have to be made to reduce it.
		Although it is recognised that the roots of hooliganism lie outside the field of sport, in a European context few initiatives were taken to influence the behaviour of fans in between matches.
		As a solution for football hooliganism he proposed to begin by identifying all the levels of society and all the groups of spectators involved.
	policestudies.homestead.com /files/edoc8553definitief.htm (9949 words)

	Hooliganism
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		Hooliganism under the statistical magnifying glass: a Belgian case study.
		By using a "cultural" definition of "postmodernism" (derived from Jameson and Martin) in which postmodernism is regarded as the transgression of modern boundaries, this article traces the emergence of postmodern aspects to violent male fandom at footbal games since the 1960s.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/IBSS/searching/Hooliganism.htm (422 words)

	CNNSI.com - Soccer - Organized crime linked to UK soccer hooliganism - Wednesday August 15, 2001 12:56 PM
		Hooligan arrests around British league matches last season rose eight percent to 3,391 -- the first rise in four years -- with 771 more arrests around FA Cup and international matches.
		"The use of counterfeit currency, involvement in the counterfeiting of labeled goods are areas where organized groups of football hooligans have connections with other criminal groups," he told a news conference.
		Violent mobs who went to matches with no intention of watching the game used pagers, mobile phones and the Internet to coordinate their activities and outwit overstretched police.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /soccer/news/2001/08/15/hooliganism_uk (511 words)

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