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Topic: Hopwood Program

	Affirmative Action - MSN Encarta
		As in California, the termination of the school’s affirmative action program led to a sharp drop in minority enrollment.
		University of Washington (2000) a federal appeals court upheld an affirmative action program at the University of Washington Law School, concluding that diversity in education was a compelling state interest (however, by the time of the ruling the program had been halted).
		The law school program, the Court said, was permissible because it evaluated each applicant individually and used race as one of many factors in deciding whom to admit.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580666/Affirmative_Action.html (1789 words)

	Affirmative Action History
		But in a landmark 2003 case involving the University of Michigan’s affirmative action policies—one of the most important rulings on the issue in twenty-five years—the Supreme Court decisively upheld the right of affirmative action in higher education.
		The undergraduate program, unlike the law school's, did not provide the "individualized consideration" of applicants deemed necessary in previous Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action.
		In the Michigan cases, the Supreme Court ruled that although affirmative action was no longer justified as a way of redressing past oppression and injustice, it promoted a "compelling state interest" in diversity at all levels of society.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/affirmative1.html (1189 words)

	Publications and Reports
		In J. Murphy and P. Forsyth, Educational Leadership Programs: A Decade of Reform.
		Moreno, S., Muller, C., Asera, R., Wyatt, L, and Epperson, J. Supporting minority mathematics achievement: The emerging scholars program at the University of Texas at Austin.
		Zvoch, K. Family type and investment in education: A comparison of genetic and stepparent families.
	www.aera.net /grantsprogram/pubs_reports/publications.html (4906 words)

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