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Topic: Soil horizon

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	Soil horizon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soil horizons are made by the movement of water, minerals, and organic matter vertically through the soil, and by changes in biological and chemical processes at different depths in the soil.
		The A horizon is the layer of soil at the mineral soil surface, and is roughly equivalent to topsoil.
		The B horizon is the zone of illuviation, or translocation in.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil_horizon (1114 words)

	Soil profile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A soil profile is a cross section through the soil which reveals its horizons (layers).
		Soil generally consists of visually and texturally distinct layers, which can be summarized as follows, from top to bottom:
		When eluviation is pronounced, a lighter colored "E" subsurface soil horizon is apparent at th base of the "A" horizon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil_profile (207 words)

	Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: Soils
		A soil horizon, frequently marked by a bed of clay that results from a temporary halt in the accumulation of vegetal material.
		Soil depth at which mass accumulation of an element by downward translocation changes from positive to zero and then to negative, thereby separating an upper soil system dominated by invasion of foreign detrital mineral from a lower, less contaminated, soil system referred to as saprolite.
		Continuum of soil developed range from peat, podzol soils (upper mineral soil bleached nearly white by organic acids) to podzolic soils where leaching of sesquioxides is insufficient to bleach mineral soil.
	www.amateurgeologist.com /content/glossary/weathering/soils.html (695 words)

	Soil Tectonics - Soils Glossary
		A subsurface soil horizon that is cemented by illuvial silica, generally deposited as opal or microcrystalline silica, to the degree that less than 50 percent of the volume of air-dry fragments will slake in water or HCl.
		The B horizon is in part a layer of change from the overlying A to the underlying C horizon.
		A soil with a pH of 7.0 is precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline.
	www.soiltectonics.com /soilsglossary.html (3830 words)

	SOIL
		Soils vary with topography primarily because of the influence of moisture and erosion.
		Contact our office for a copy of a soil survey that has maps and descriptions of all of the soils in Shawnee county or how to obtain one for soils in your area.
		This is the layer that soil conservation efforts are focused.
	www.cjnetworks.com /~sccdistrict/soilpro.htm (612 words)

	Mineral Soil Horizons
		A soil horizon is a layer of mineral or organic soil or soil material approximately parallel to the land surface that has characteristics altered by processes of soil formation.
		A This is a mineral horizon formed at or near the surface in the zone of leaching or eluviation of materials in solution or suspension, or of maximum in situ accumulation of organic matter or both.
		B This is a mineral horizon characterized by enrichment in organic matter, sesquioxides, or clay, or by the development of soil structure; or by a change of color denoting hydrolysis, reduction, or oxidation.
	www.ucalgary.ca /geog/Virtual/SoilOrders/soilhorizon.html (2845 words)

	s3chap2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The A horizon is a mineral horizon that is dark in color due to the incorporation of decomposed organic matter, which coats the mineral soil particles with colloidal size organic matter.
		In the Orthod soil, the E horizon has become very developed, and the zone of illuviation is labeled a Bhs horizon (h for humus and s for iron and aluminum).
		Soil scientists use their scientific knowledge of the soil and their grasp of soil forming factors to "describe" the soil in the field.
	www.soils.agri.umn.edu /academics/classes/soil2125/doc/s3chap2.htm (969 words)

	Soils: Soil Profiles
		The E horizon generally is a light-colored horizon with eluviation being the dominant process.
		In some soils the B horizon is enriched with calcium carbonate in the form of nodules or as a layer.
		The preceding paragraphs describe a generic soil profile, yet not all soils have each one of the horizons, nor are they all the same with respect to thickness composition and structure.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/soil_systems/soil_development_profiles.html (539 words)

	Appendix II - Glossary (SSSA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Genetic horizons are not the equivalent of the diagnostic horizons of the U.S. soil taxonomy.
		Horizon symbols indicate the direction of presumed pedogenesis while diagnostic horizons indicate the magnitude of that expression.
		E horizons-Mineral horizons in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or some combination of these, leaving a concentration of sand and silt particles of quartz or other resistant materials.
	www.soils.org /sssagloss/appendix2.html (929 words)

	soilorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Soils formed on older volcanic deposits are dominated by crystalline aluminosilicates or the material is mixed with other parent material, therefore, the criteria to qualify for Andisols are not given.
		A gypsic horizon (By or Cy) is enriched of secondary CaSO
		Cryoturbation in the soil profile is manifested by irregular and broken horizons and textural bands, involutions, organic matter accumulation on the permafrost table, oriented stones, silt caps and accumulations, and deformed soil material associated with movements due to ice- and sand-wedge growth.
	www.soils.wisc.edu /courses/SS325/soilorders.htm (15693 words)

	morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Argillic horizon: It is formed by illuviation of clay (generally a B horizon, where the accumulation of clay is denoted by a lower case 't') and illuviation argillans are usually observable unless there is evidence of stress cutans.
		Duripan: It is a subsurface horizon cemented by illuvial silica.
		Soil organic matter serves as an agent for building soil aggregates, particularly the polysaccharides appear to be responsible for the formation of peds.
	www.soils.wisc.edu /courses/SS325/morphology.htm (5881 words)

	How Soil Originates
		Soil genesis includes reducing the size of parent material particles (physical weathering), rearranging the mineral particles, adding organic matter, changing the kinds of and minerals (including clay formation) through chemical weathering, and the formation of soil.
		A soil horizon is a layer of soil or soil material approximately parallel to the land surface and differing from adjacent horizons in physical, chemical, and biological properties.
		It is a mineral horizon of strong eluviation, formed when organic acids from the A or O horizon combine with leaching waters to weather and mobilize silicate clays, iron and aluminum, leaving a bleached layer of resistant minerals such as quartz.
	www.cst.cmich.edu /users/Franc1M/esc334/lectures/origin.htm (1231 words)

	Soil Development - horizon development
		Soil horizons form as a result of the four horizon development processes, additions, transformation, translocation, and removal.
		Soil horizons develop in response to the relative importance of each of the above processes.
		All soils are impacted by the horizon development processes to one degree or another.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/soil_systems/soil_development_horizon_development.html (399 words)

	Paper submitted to "GSA Bulletin" Revision Date: 11/16/82
		(expansive soil), and 4) the mineralogy of the mudflow and the
		Concepcion soil is an analogous parent material, in contradiction
		demonstrate that the Concepcion soil is a two-story soil (Fig.
	www.soiltectonics.com /mudflow.htm (2327 words)

	Lab 3 hrz- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		General Objective: Understand how soil characteristics of color and structure are used to identify soil horizons and how horizon nomenclature is used to name horizons.
		The intensity of the process varies with location because of the Five Soil Forming Factors.
		This unit will look at how the soil develops different horizons during formation and how the horizons are named.
	www.soils.agri.umn.edu /academics/classes/soil2125/doc/slab3hzn.htm (78 words)

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