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Topic: Horizontal integration

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	Chris Bunk.com: Horizontal Integration in Knowledge Management.
		Horizontal Integration in Knowledge Management can be defined as the distribution of knowledge across diverse business units.
		Horizontal Integration improves the value of both assets by better educating the workforce and improving the usage (i.e.
		An example of vertical integration would be a system used by only the sales group that collects information about sales leads and disseminates that information to individuals throughout the chain of command.
	www.chrisbunk.com /archives/2006/11/horizontal_integration_in_knowledge_management.html (431 words)

	Medical College of Wisconsin - Vertical Integration
		An integrated curriculum aims to bring students beyond mere fact and concept acquisition to a level of scientific fluency, using a common language of medical science, with which they can begin to think creatively about medical problems.
		True vertical integration refers to the interweaving of clinical skills and knowledge into the basic science years and, in turn, reinforcing and continuing to teach basic science concepts as they apply during the clinical years.
		Horizontal integration refers to identifying concepts or skills, particularly those that are clinically relevant, that cut across, for example, the basic sciences and then using these as an integrated focus for presentations, clinical examples, and course materials.
	www.mcw.edu /display/router.asp?docid=1760 (250 words)

	April 1996 IEEE Communications Magazine
		This level of horizontal integration offers the service provider substantial administrative benefits, relative to the alternatives of separate or overlay networks, and adds value to the user, since different media can easily be incorporated into multimedia applications.
		Horizontal integration lowers the barriers to entry for application developers since most of the infrastructure (bitways and services and even programmable terminals) are already available.
		An important feature of horizontal integration is the open interface, which enforces modularity and thus allows a diversity of implementations and approaches to coexist and evolve on both sides of the interface [3][4].
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /~messer/PAPERS/96/ComMag1 (2614 words)

	Developing a Net-centric test and Integration process: horizontal fusion helps ensure data is available on the Global ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Horizontal fusion helps ensure data is available on the Global Information Grid (GIG) for those who need it, when they need it, anywhere they need it.
		Horizontal fusion is focusing on tough security policy issues that will need to be revised to accommodate a net-centric environment.
		Integration testing involves installing an initiative's code onto the test portal and verifying that it performs in accordance with the applications operating instructions and satisfies the mandated security requirements.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0OBA/is_4_22/ai_n8704553 (855 words)

	Implications of Nash bargaining for horizontal industry integration. \| Government from AllBusiness.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Horizontal integration is shown to be advantageous when agents produce the same product but are characterized by heterogeneous endowments and technologies.
		Certainly, horizontal mergers are among the major phenomena that have characterized change in agricultural input industries such as basic pesticide manufacture and seed supply.
		With heterogeneous endowments, the motivation for horizontal integration may be related to cost economies as in the above literature but the potential for cooperation depends on the heterogeneity of technologies.
	www.allbusiness.com /government/409705-1.html (888 words)

	Transparent Horizontal Integration equals Bad Customer Experience
		But there are some significant risks to horizontal integration, and the biggest one is also the most painful one: if not handled carefully, horizontal integration leads to a really bad customer experience.
		Horizontal integration, by contrast, gives each company up and down the product cycle the chance to buy its raw materials competitively (at least in theory), which gives everyone from the ore miner to the retailer an incentive to improve their products and reduce the costs.
		The key to making horizontal integration work well is that each step in the chain from raw material to consumer purchase has to be as opaque as possible.
	www.frozennorth.org /C509291565/E668712860 (1889 words)

	PF Online Feature Article - Growth and Diversification through Vertical Integration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Essentially, horizontal integration is the acquisition of competing companies or technologies at the same level of production currently performed at the shop.
		Horizontal integration is often a natural and appropriate route to customer retention and increased sales because it relies on the shop's current knowledge base and resources.
		Too often, horizontal technologies are added because an owner hears stories of success concerning similar or competing technologies, leading the owner to believe that the grass is greener on the other side.
	www.pfonline.com /articles/040104.html (1564 words)

	Integration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Integration, in the most general sense, may be any bringing together of things: the integration of two or more economies, cultures, religions (usually called syncretism), etc.
		Horizontal integration and vertical integration, in microeconomics and strategic management, refer to a style of ownership and control
		Integration clause, in a contract, a term used to declare the contract the final and complete understanding of the parties
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Integration (217 words)

	Horizontal Integration
		Horizontal growth can be achieved by internal expansion or by external expansion through mergers and acquisitions of firms offering similar products and services.
		Before expanding the scope of the firm through horizontal integration, management should be sure that the imagined benefits are real.
		Many blunders have been made by firms that broadened their horizontal scope to achieve synergies that did not exist, for example, computer hardware manufacturers who entered the software business on the premise that there were synergies between hardware and software.
	www.quickmba.com /strategy/horizontal-integration (423 words)

	Horizontal integration
		Horizontal integration is the widening of a business at the same point in the supply chain.
		For example, supermarkets that are moving towards selling a larger variety of non-food items are increasing their level of horizontal integration.
		The advantages of horizontal integration can lie in reaching the customers (if you are already selling them one thing, use the opportunity to sell more) but can include economies of scale in purchasing, logistics and operations.
	moneyterms.co.uk /horizontal-integration (82 words)

	[No title]
		Horizontal integration is using the same business activities to serve a number of markets (e.g.
		Taper Integration - firms are partially integrated vertically, but purchase or sell some portion of their requirements through specialised suppliers and distributors.
		The taper integrated firm protects itself from market fluctuations by being being under or over capacity relative to market demand.¡Dº, 2ªª æ ó¨Types of Integrationª ¨uQuasi Integration - firms are the partial owners of upstream or downstream operations.
	buiznt.cob.calpoly.edu /cob/Gsl/Pgalvin/14.ppt (1017 words)

	Balance on the horizontal, Integration of the vertical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		What we are trying to achieve is integration and balance on, and between, different levels.
		The horizontal is about being human and relating to other humans and our environment.
		But the horizontal emotion that is joy is a relative reaction to external stimuli.
	www.joy2meu.com /horizontal_vertical.htm (1972 words)

	Balance on the horizontal, Integration of the vertical
		What we are trying to achieve is integration and balance on, and between, different levels.
		One of the ways it is helpful to me to think of this is in terms of the horizontal and vertical.
		The horizontal is about being human and relating to other humans and our environment.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/3691/118491 (541 words)

	Horizontal Integration
		Acquiring business activities at the same level of the value chain.
		Like its counterpart, Vertical Integration, Horizontal Integration is a potential strategic move which a firm may consider.
		Horizontal Integration means to acquire business activities at the same level of the value chain.
	www.12manage.com /methods_horizontal_integration.html (206 words)

	Forms of Industrial Organization
		Horizontal Integration occurs when a business expands its control over other similar or closely related businesses.
		For example, an oil refining business would be horizontally integrated if it owned or controlled other oil refineries.
		Vertical Integration occurs when a business expands its control over other business that are part of its overall manufacturing process.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h958.html (299 words)

	Horizontal Integration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The mentality is changed by incorporation of battlefield functional areas, TRADOC battle lab processes and integration of requirements.
		The digitization effort is a vital part of redesigning the Army to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
		We present a real world example of integrating horizontal requirements and horizontal technology efforts through the establishment of an Army digitization focus.
	meetings.informs.org /ATL96/TALKS/MA20.html (187 words)

	SSRN-Implications of Nash Bargaining for Horizontal Industry Integration by Richard Just, Siddhartha Mitra, Sinaia ...
		The Nash bargaining solution suggests that greater technological diversity among coordinating parties yields greater gains from horizontal integration.
		The framework fits the case where a firm with a superior technology franchises the technology by horizontal integration.
		The results appear to fit hog production where integration has been primarily horizontal and, in part, broiler production where integration has been both vertical and horizontal.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=856505 (288 words)

	Fractals of Change: AT&T: Lesson From the Crypt #3: Vertical Integration Doesn’t Work Anymore
		ATandT at its height was a marvel of vertical integration.
		Horizontal competitors optimize only for the layer they are competing in and so end up being superior to the vertically integrated company layer by layer.
		Telcos being vertically integrated 'silos' offering different services will not be able to be competitive in a (digitally) converged telecoms market.
	blog.tomevslin.com /2005/02/att_lessons_fro.html (2042 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
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		HI will enable seamless integration of Department of Defense (DoD), Intelligence Community (IC), and Homeland Security (HLS) processes and capabilities to responsibly acquire, synchronize, correlate, and deliver national security community data of all types.
		Questions regarding Horizontal Integration issues can be directed to Dr. Phil Ritcheson, OUSD(I)/Preparation and Warning, at (703)607-8084, email: Phil.Ritcheson@osd.mil.
	www.acq.osd.mil /actd/FY06/HI_Language_for_ACTD_Call.doc (125 words)

	SSRN-Horizontal and Vertical Integration and Securities Trading and Settlement by Jens Tapking, Jing Yang
		We find that horizontal integration of settlement systems is better than vertical integration of exchanges and settlement systems, but vertical integration is still better than no consolidation.
		Keywords: Securities trading and settlement, vertical and horizontal integration, substitutes and complements
		Tapking, Jens and Yang, Jing, "Horizontal and Vertical Integration and Securities Trading and Settlement" (August 2004).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=576025 (222 words)

	HHS - Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness (OPHEP): Public Health Emergencies: Integration of Programs for ...
		HHS is the U.S. Government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
		The State is the primary unit of program organization.
		Empower the States to seek integrated response capabilities within their borders
	www.hhs.gov /ophep/presentation/cooperativeraub.html (176 words)

	Horizontal Integration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		A full scale simulated launch is performed to check the readiness of the payload for flight.
		After the horizontal integration testing is completed, any last minute problems are corrected and the payload is loaded into the launch tower.
		The following are some pictures taken during the horizontal integration.
	wisp.physics.wisc.edu /ism/horizon.html (86 words)

	D. Horizontal Integration of R&D Initiatives
		Horizontal integration of these research initiatives and their resulting advanced technologies are essential to the modernization of logistics to fulfill the operational requirements of Army XXI and the AAN.
		Logistics’ Initiatives and their link to the DoD and Army visions are shown in Table G–1.
		If we are to reduce demands upon the logistics system, an integrated effort is needed.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/army/docs/astmp98/gd.htm (433 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Difficulty of achieving close coordination among vertically integrated activities.
		Loss of control can result in distorted signals in the supply chain.
		>P>%>>%>>8$>>?5.û¼"Systemôçä-ðû²ÿ@Arial-. R2 £Ð2Horizontal integration, vertical integration, and 8+&,+++,++,+'+'++++++++++.-ðû²ÿ@Arial-. '2 strategic outsourcing'+++'++'++'++.-ð\þÿÕÍÕ.“—+,ù®08¨ÈÐØà è ðø ØäOn-screen ShowGeorge Mason UniversityÂ_
	mason.gmu.edu /~hshin6/slides/Ch9.ppt (690 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		_________________________________ Name and be familiar with three corporate strategies discussed in chapter 9: Horizontal Integration (merger, acquisition) ___________________________ Vertical Integration ________________________________________________ Strategic Outsourcing ______________________________________________ Explain the benefits of Horizontal Integration: Reducing Costs ___________________________________________________ Increasing Value _________________________________________________ Managing Industry Rivalry ________________________________________ Increasing bargaining power _______________________________________ What are the drawbacks and limitations of Horizontal Integration?
		___________________________________________________________________________ Explain the four main arguments for pursuing a vertical integration strategy: Building Barriers to Entry ___________________________________________ Facilitating investments in Specialized Assets ____________________________ Protecting product Quality ___________________________________________ Improving Scheduling _______________________________________________ Explain these three disadvantages of vertical integration: Cost _______________________________________________________________ Rapidly changing technology __________________________________________ Uncertainty of demand _______________________________________________ What are the alternatives to vertical integration?
		Reducing costs ________________________________________________________ Differentiation ________________________________________________________ Focus ________________________________________________________________ What are the risks of outsourcing?
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/rthomas/MGT_471_Chapter_9_Study_Guide.doc (232 words)

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