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Topic: Horizontal redundancy check

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Redundancy check - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Other types of redundancy check include cyclic redundancy check, horizontal redundancy check, vertical redundancy check, and cryptographic message digest. In telecommunication, a redundancy check is extra data added to a message for the purposes of error detection and error correction. They include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy check. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Redundancy_check

Longitudinal redundancy check - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In telecommunication, a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) or horizontal redundancy check is a form of redundancy check based on the formation of a block check following preset rules: A combination of longitudinal and vertical redundancy check allows the detection and correction of single bit errors. A longitudinal redundancy check character, which is used to verify that data has been received without error, may be computed from any sequence of characters by the following algorithm: en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check

Patent 4761782: Error correction of digital image data by means of image redundancy The original check bits attached to the data are compared to the re-encoded check bits to determine if the errors are correctable, and, if so, what steps must be taken to correct the errors and to restore the original redundancy to the recovered data. The sample values of a digitized image are encoded utilizing the amount of redundancy in the digital data to generate check bits which are attached to blocks of the data prior to transmission or recording. The check bits, according to the teaching of the invention, reflect the fact that "patterns" of data bits within the block are the same, but the check bits do not explicitly define the structure of these patterns. www.freepatentsonline.com /4761782.html

RFC 2083 (rfc2083) - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification Version The zlib check value is useful mainly as a cross-check that the deflate and inflate algorithms are implemented correctly. Error checking To ensure early detection of common file-transfer problems, decoders should verify that all eight bytes of the PNG file signature are correct. Note: in floating point, no overflow or underflow checks are needed, because the input sample values are guaranteed to be between 0 and 1, and compositing always yields a result that is in between the input values (inclusive). www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2083.html

6 Horizontal Virtual Class 'H(orizontal)' in 'HVC' means that the base classes of a HVC have a horizontal composition relationship in contrast to the vertical inheritance relationship. Third, the sole purpose of a HVC is to invoke the initial method which checks an integrity constraint defined by the user not to access each base class. In Section 6.2, we names the virtual class used in the approach, the Horizontal Virtual Class (HVC), and describes several characteristics of the HVC in the view of constraint management. engdb.tripod.com /kedb/designdb/backward/back06.htm

United States Patent Application: 0010012344 At this time, the central processing unit 111 checks whether or not the user has departed from the public telephone 100 before the corresponding mode of the public telephone 100 is finished (Step S32). After that, the central processing unit 111 checks whether or not the user is sensed by the sensor 119 (Step S27). Here, if the user is not sensed, the central processing unit 111 returns to the step S22 and continuously checks whether or not the counted time by the timer exceeds the standard time. appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1='20010012344'.PGNR.&OS=DN/20010012344&RS=DN/20010012344

Optimality of Position Commands to Horizontal Eye Muscles: A Test of the Minimum-Norm Rule -- Dean et al. 81 (2): 735 -- Journal of Neurophysiology Equation 3 is a precise representation of the redundancy problem for horizontal eye position, showing not only that a given This was to check the assumption that the One is that the medial and horizontal recti jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/2/735

Air Safety Week: Better Maintenance Urged To Prevent Repeat of Alaska Jet Crash That check measures the thread wear on the acme nut, in which the jackscrew turns, thereby moving the horizontal stabilizer to the desired nose-up or nose-down pitch position. Alaska Airlines was allowed to increase the intervals between end-play checks without any data to support these extensions, yet had the data been captured in the form of recorded end-play check intervals, the measurements were useless because of their high variability. No end-play checks were required; the assembly was a "life limited" part that was removed and replaced after 30,000 flight hours. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_47_16/ai_95531625

Multi-Layered Corroboration-Based Check Reader Signature detection on checks can be done with high accuracy for two reasons: first, the signature location is reasonably well constrained, and second, the system is only looking for presence of a signature (as opposed to fraud detection which requires recognition of the signature shape). Nevertheless, because check processing is labor intensive, there continues to be a high demand for ICR systems with very high read rate and control over the error rate to meet the requirements for a wide set of applications. Pre-encoded: These checks come from corporate accounts, or lockbox-based customers, meaning businesses that use the bank to process their incoming checks (usually the "lockbox" is a post office box reserved by the bank for such a customer.) Typically these are remittance transactions, such as magazine subscriptions and monthly utility bills. alumnus.caltech.edu /~dave/dasbook/dasbook.html

Patent 4155097: Method and arrangement for the redundancy-reducing coding of pictures Consequently, the increase in redundancy by means of check bits is limited and an error with a transformed value of an intermediate element disturbs on reconstruction only that intermediate element itself and not the surrounding elements. It is known, however, to provide code words with check bits to enable the identification and correction respectively of any errors; this, however, partly cancels the redundancy reduction obtained by the coding. As stated already the horizontal and vertical correlation coefficients of the supporting positions may be assumed to be equal without a gross error so that the coefficient b1 of the multiplier 91 has always the same value. www.freepatentsonline.com /4155097.html

Error control Parity, checksum, Cyclic redundancy check (CRC), Vertical redundancy check, Horizontal redundancy check and Rectangular redundancy check are examples of varieties of error-checking mechanisms. Error Detection Redundancy allows a receiver to check whether received data has been corrupted during transmission. Instead, sets of redundant information is sent with the data, so that correction can be done on the fly. www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/error_control

Pump engineering - API Horizontal Split vs Horizontal Ring Section (stacked) Pump While horizontal pumps generally have just one or two impellers that can go in the casing (hydraulic design) because the pump mfgr has decided not to go too wild in hydraulic choices there, multistage pumps do sometimes offer 2, 3 or even 4 impeller designs for any given pump size. If you purchase a low-quality horizontal ring section pump, then Bill might have a point but a good quality pump from a company that has been building ring section pumps really is nothing to be scared about. The quotes cover horizontal split, at a much higher initial capital cost and horizontal stacked pumps. www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=16742

net2.doc Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) CRC is another method of checking the integrity of data. Parity checking and Cyclic-Redundancy Check are two of the most widely used checking techniques. Parity Checking Parity is a very simple method that is used to check the integrity of simple data, but is not very suitable for complex packets. www.geocities.com /sokcom/net2.doc

Vertical encoding - Computing Reference - eLook.org An instruction set where a field (a bit or group of bits) of the instruction word is decoded (either by hard-wired logic or microcode) to generate signals to control the functional units, as opposed to horizontal encoding where the instruction word bits are used as the control signals directly. An instruction set may use a mixture of horizontal and vertical encoding within each instruction. With vertical encoding, which combinations of signals and operations are possible is dictated by the decoding logic; the instruction field can only select one of these preprogrammed combinations. www.elook.org /computing/vertical-encoding.htm

Words - C As used in web graphics, the x,y co-ordinates of a point on an image are the horizontal and vertical distances from a point of origin at the top left corner of the image, measured in pixels. The checkbox can be toggled between checked and unchecked states with the mouse click. checkbox - A box which can be 'checked off', meaning 'selected'. www.mohaniyer.com /c.htm

Learning outcome 1-4 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) - Adds the bits and divides by a pre-set number, the remainder or the quotient is stored as the control bit The principle in error checking is that at the sender side, a number of control bits are generated based on an algorithm. Zmodem's speed and error checking recommend it, and it can resume a file transfer after a break in communications, so make sure this protocol is available in your communications software and any BBS you dial into. members.fortunecity.com /bala595/LearnOut1-4.htm

BROADCASTPAPERS.COM The cyclic redundancy check is used to detect whether the MOLE data has been corrupted as a result of any picture processing applied to that macroblock. Other information carried in the MOLE data includes a rolling macroblock count and a cyclic redundancy check across all the data in the macroblock. Those macroblocks within a picture which have been changed in any way by the inserted caption can be detected by using the cyclic redundancy check data. www.broadcastpapers.com /sigdis/Snell&WilcoxMoleTechnology03.htm

Ethernet This sequence contains a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value, which is created by the sending MAC and is recalculated by the receiving MAC to check for damaged frames. Horizontal cabling—This is predominantly Category 5 or better UTP cable, although a few installations are using multimode fiber. The destination address of the received frame is checked and matched against the station's address list (its MAC address, its group addresses, and the broadcast address) to determine whether the frame is destined for that station. www.claptons.net /ethernet/Ethernet.htm

glossary - A method of error checking in which an extra bit is sent to the receiving device to indicate whether an even or odd number of binary 1 bits were transmitted. Because there is no redundancy scheme, it does not provide data protection. refers to the ability to remove a failed member of a redundant disk array and replace it with a good drive without bringing down the server or interrupting transactions that involve other devices. www.tyan.com /support/html/glossary.html

Mobile Knowledge - Support Horizontal Redundancy Checking (HRC) - A method for data error checking whereby redundant information would be included in the data to be checked. LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) - A method for error detection, often called horizontal parity checking, whereby the BCC consists of bits based on either odd or even parity for all the characters in the transmission block. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) - An error checking control method in which the block check character (BCC) is the remainder after dividing all the serialized bits in a transmitted block by a prespecified binary number. www.mobile-knowledge.com /support/glossary.asp

Air Safety Week: New Jackscrew Design Increases Safety Through Redundancy On the Alaska MD-83, pitch trim is controlled by the horizontal stabilizer; it moves nose-up and nose-down by means of an electric motor driving a jackscrew assembly. Additionally, during the airplane's last heavy maintenance check in 1997, the wrong tool was used to check the "end play," which was right at the "no go" margin. Safe operation of the mechanism depends on proper lubrication and periodic checking of the "end play" between the threads of the screw and nut. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_44_16/ai_94385334

Usability - redundancy is a big factor for instance static graphical links are often recognisable by their position on a page, such as in a list down the left of a page or a horizontal strip near the top. I'm just coming to understand how important redundancy can be to creating high usability in a web page. And it gets even better if the background color changes on hover (a fourth redundancy), as well as the text color. www.webmasterworld.com /forum21/4284.htm

Dirt Rag Forums - Cross Check Conversion The engineer in me likes redundancy in life preserving systems - a front brake is pretty handy when your chain inevitably throws or breaks someday. you might want to check to see if the wheel you're looking has the proper spacing you need, and whether or not it's an actual track wheel, or just a normal wheel built for fixed gear riding. I was just surfing around to check what was out there and saw one, described as a "track wheel" for US$50. www.dirtragmag.com /forums/showthread.php?t=4507

Digital Spy Forums - Horizontal or vertical aerial? Waltham is horizontally polarised and is towards Melton Mowbury. Having a "mis match" between the signal and aerial (eg, the aerial is vertical but the signal is horizontal) can stop digital signals from working or may show interminent breakup - especialy if the signal is not that strong where you live. Generally, main transmitters are horizontally polarised and relays are vertically polarised. forum.digitalspy.co.uk /board/showthread.php?t=194695

Intro to PNG Features The second type of integrity-checking is known as a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check or CRC-32. Each horizontal line in the image can have one of five filter types associated with it; choosing which of the five to use for each line is almost more of a black art than a science. The third type of integrity check applies only to the image-data chunk(s) and is similar to the CRC values. www.libpng.org /pub/png/pngintro.html

Computer Help Toronto Area Ymodem also allows multiple file transmission, performs cyclical redundancy checks (CRC), and can reduce the transfer size to compensate for a poor connection. A plane (which can be a grid, chart, or graph) is designed to measure the placement of a point in relation to the x-axis (horizontal plane), y-axis, and z-axis (third dimension plane). In computer technology, these planes are helpful when tracking the mouse or cursor position on a grid such as on a computer's monitor, a template of a desktop publishing document, or a digitized tablet. www.torontotechcenter.com /dict_y.shtml

Glossary - C These block check characters are incorporated into the transmission frame and then checked at the receiving end. A switch with multiple vertical and horizontal paths, and relays enabling any of the vertical paths to be connected to any of the horizontal ones. A dedicated computer with special processing capabilities for organizing and checking data and handling information traffic to and from remote terminals or computers, including functions such as message switching. www.gartner.com /6_help/glossary/GlossaryC.jsp

Reality Check. Like I said, the military personnel are the guinny pigs for that "bugs check," They're hoping to have a health care package passed this year and BOOM--that will cover all major life aspects--everyone will have to have one. A big step up from the simple 20-byte-capacity bar code you see on cereal boxes, the 2-D bar code stores information in vertical and horizontal lines up to 2KB or more of data, potentially including text, a photo, and a limited amount of biometrics. Check out the Press Releases on Digital Angel www.dccsa.com /greatjoy/reality.html

Glossary of Terms - Education & Training - Intermec Technologies Corporation LRC provides horizontal error checking of data blocks received and transmitted by the controller. This character is an error checking character that is optionally appended to transmitted blocks of data and optionally checked on received blocks of data. LRC performs an exclusive OR of the data bits, excluding the SOM, but including the received or transmitted EOM characters. corp.intermec.com /glossary/glossl.htm

General Information (A-C) CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a powerful error checking method for data and digital communications. ASCII consists of 7 information bits with an 8th parity bit for error checking; numerous variations exist, for example use of the 8th bit in personal computers to extend the code with a number of graphics, special language characters and diacritical marks. An adit is the horizontal entrance to a mine. www.ii.uj.edu.pl /~artur/enc/A1.htm

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