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	Hornbeam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The hornbeams (Carpinus) are a genus of relatively small hardwood trees, placed in the birch family Betulaceae, though some botanists separate it off together with the hazels (Corylus) and hop-hornbeams (Ostrya) into a segregate family Corylaceae.
		The common English name of "hornbeam" derives from the hardness of the wood (likened to horn) and the Old English beam, a tree (cognate with German "baum").
		American Hornbeam is also occasionally known as blue-beech, ironwood, or musclewood; the first from the resemblance of the bark to that of the American Beech Fagus grandifolia, the other two from the hardness of the wood and the muscular appearance of the trunk respectively.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hornbeam (494 words)

	Hornbeam
		Hornbeam is a small, slow-growing, and short-lived tree that occupies the forest understory.
		Hornbeam is a small to medium tree that reaches heights of 15' to 25'.
		Hornbeam grows in moist, fertile soils of bottomland hardwoods on the edges of swamps, streams, and rivers.
	www.sfrc.ufl.edu /4h/Hornbeam/hornbeam.htm (375 words)

	HORNBEAM - LoveToKnow Article on HORNBEAM
		The wood of the hornbeam is white and close-grained, and polishes ill, is of considerable tenacity and little flexibility, and is extremely tough and hard to workwhence, according to Gerard, the name of the tree.
		The inner part of the bark of the hornbeam is stated by Linnaeus to afford a yellow dye.
		The American hornbeam, blue or water beech, is Car pinus americana (also known as C. caroliniana); the common hophornbeam, a native of the south of Europe, is a member of aclosely allied genus, Ostrya vulgaris, the allied American species, 0.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HORNBEAM.htm (748 words)

	hornbeam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As, however, the Hornbeam is peculiarly tolerant of the pruning-knife, and its branches yield excellent firewood, it is seldom allowed to become a timber tree, and almost all the old trees of the species in this country are pollards.
		The Hornbeam agrees with the Hazel in having no perianth round its male flowers, this being one of the characters by which they are separated, under the name Corylacea, from the Oaks, Beeches, and Chestnuts, or Quercinea.
		In the Hornbeam the female catkin bears a number of bracts, narrower and more pointed than those of the male flowers, and in the axils of each of them are the two lateral florets of the typical catkin above described with the two bracteoles, and four secondary bracteoles, but no central floret.
	www.2020site.org /trees/hornbeam.html (1258 words)

	Ohio Trees, Bulletin 700-00, Carpinus – Hornbeam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hornbeams are deciduous trees, usually with smooth, gray bark.
		Hornbeam is found along streams and in low ground throughout the state as a forest understory tree.
		The tree is commonly multi-stemmed as a result of damage from the hornbeam borer that kills the tree to the soil line, where its stump sprouts and regenerates another tree.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b700/b700_25.html (433 words)

	Hornbeam - LoveToKnow Garden
		Hornbeam (Carpinus) - C. betulus is a native tree, especially of the south, sometimes attaining a height of 70 feet, frequent in some woodlands, and in Epping Forest.
		Three species of Hornbeam are natives of Japan, viz., C. japonica, C. cordata, and C. laxiflora, the last belonging to the true Hornbeams typfied in our native species C. betulus; the other two to the group which some botanists have made a separate genus.
		They differ from the "true" Hornbeams in the trunks having a scaling bark, as distinct from the smooth trunks seen in our native species; also in the bracts of the fruit clusters being enfolded at the base and almost entirely covering the nut.
	garden.lovetoknow.com /wiki/Hornbeam (251 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : American Hornbeam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), also called blue-beech, ironwood, water-beech, or lechillo (Spanish), is a small slow-growing short-lived tree in the understory of eastern mixed hardwood forests.
		American hornbeam is an important food of gray squirrels in southern bottom-land hardwoods; otherwise it is of secondary importance to wildlife (25).
		The wood of American hornbeam is not important in commerce because the tree is too small, but its tough, dense, and close-grained wood is used for tool handles, levers, wedges, and mallets.
	wildwnc.org /trees/Carpinus_caroliniana.html (3477 words)

	Hop Hornbeam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In addition to its short stature, hop hornbeam can be recognized based on (a) multiple trunks, (b) a thin, brown, scaly or shaggy bark that flakes easily when rubbed, (c) horizontal branches that end in fine twigs and alternate leaves and buds.
		The word hornbeam comes from the old English and refers to the very dense nature of the wood and its use in construction or as posts.
		The finer twigs of hop hornbeam were used to make baskets, and the inner bark was boiled and used to cure fever and a range of other conditions.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/biology/mnps/papers/umb2000194.html (374 words)

	[No title]
		Hornbeam is chronic when the individual's routines are chronic.
		Those caught up in the Hornbeam syndrome do well to recognize that it's better to take a few small risks (thus strengthening the risk-taking muscle), lest they go off the rails completely and jeopardize those aspects of their lives which are worth preserving.
		People who take it not only approach the tasks before them with new enthusiasm, but learn to create the needed balances in their lives, whether between work and play, mental and spiritual emphasis, or whatever refocusing is needed for them to wake up in the morning and be glad to be alive.
	www.rainbowcrystal.com /bach/bfr/hornbeam.html (448 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hornbeam
		Binomial name Carpinus betulus L. The European Hornbeam or Common Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) is a hornbeam native to western, central and southern Europe, extending eastward as far as western Russia and the Ukraine.
		European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seed catkins - photo User:MPF File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seed - photo User:MPF File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hornbeam (1279 words)

	* Hornbeam - (Plants): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The common hornbeam (C. betulus) is found in woods throughout the temperate regions of Europe and Asia.
		Hornbeams are in the birch family, & are the European equivalent of the North American ironwood tree, having dense close-grained wood traditionally used for carving wooden bowls, tool handles, flooring, ox yokes, & furniture...
		American hop hornbeam is a deciduous, Missouri native tree which usually occurs in dry soils on rocky slopes, upland woods and bluffs throughout the State...
	www.bestknows.com /plants/hornbeam.html (475 words)

	My Bonsai - oriental hornbeam 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) is a smaller tree, usually up to 10m high, but most frequently found as a 3-4m high bush.
		Oriental hornbeam protects the terrain from the erosion and land sliding, and is frequently used for the afforestation of the crags.
		The extraction of the oriental hornbeam shown on the photographs was done in the mid March, when its buds were starting, but were not yet open.
	www.my-bonsai.com /en/hornbeam.1.htm (309 words)

	Species:
		American hornbeam seedlings grown in full sun responded positively to increased nutrients (applied at levels to mimic the range of values for agricultural runoff and sewage sludge) [38].
		The largest American hornbeam on record for the Southeast was 75 feet (22.8 m) tall, 21.6 (54.8 cm) d.b.h., and 67.8 inches (172.2 cm) in circumference [42].
		Hupp [17] classes American hornbeam with species that do not normally invade degraded or newly aggrading substrates (in relation to stream channelization projects) but are tolerant of bottomland conditions and have seed that is long-lived (up to 2 years) and dispersed by wind or water.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/carcar/all.html (2769 words)

	Ostrya virginiana
		Hop hornbeam is a small tree, typically reaching a maximum height of 30 feet with a proportionally short, straight trunk of 1 foot in diameter.
		Hop hornbeam bark is reddish-brown and smooth, with obvious lenticels (small, ringed holes in the surface of the bark through which gasses are exchanged) when the tree is young.
		Hop hornbeam serves well as a landscape tree owing to its tolerance for very dry soils and shade, as well as its ability to live in a stressful urban environment.
	www.museum.state.il.us /muslink/forest/htmls/trees/O-virginiana.html (461 words)

	Floridata: Carpinus caroliniana
		American hornbeam is a handsome little deciduous tree that can get as large as 50 ft (15.2 m) tall with a spread of 40 ft (12.2 m).
		American hornbeam is a common and widespread understory tree in lowland mixed forests throughout eastern North America from Quebec to Minnesota, south to Florida and eastern Texas, and on into Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.
		For a tree, American hornbeam responds surprisingly well to heavy pruning and can be shaped as a hedge for a screen or used as a formal element in the landscape.
	www.floridata.com /ref/C/carp_car.cfm (717 words)

	Adopt an American Hornbeam Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The word "hornbeam," originally given to the European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), is from the words "horn" (for toughness) and "beam" (for tree) and refers to the very hard tough wood.
		American hornbeam has few insect and disease problems and is good to plant on smaller lots where it won’t outgrow its space.
		Today the wood of American hornbeam is not important in commerce because the tree is too small, but it’s tough, close-grained, very hard, and heavy wood is used locally for tool handles, levers, wedges, mallets and firewood.
	leon.ifas.ufl.edu /adopt_an_american_hornbeam_tree.htm (812 words)

	American Hornbeam
		Carpinus orientalis carpinella, charme d’orient, eastern hornbeam, hojaranzo, oosterse haagbeuk, oriental hornbeam, orientalisk avenbok
		Colonial settlers in America used hornbeam for bowls and dishes because it rarely split or cracked.
		Hornbeam has a thick, nearly white sapwood and a heartwood that is pale yellow to tan.
	www.windsorplywood.com /nam_hardwoods/am_hornbeam.html (460 words)

	Carpinus caroliniana
		American hornbeam is a slow-growing, deciduous, small to medium-sized understory tree with an attractive globular form.
		It is native to Missouri where it is typically found in rich moist woods, valleys, ravine bottoms and rocky slopes along streams throughout the eastern and Ozark regions of the State (Steyermark).
		Commercial use of hornbeam wood is not practicable, however, due to the limited amount of wood that can be harvested per tree.
	www.mobot.org /gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=H540 (211 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - hornbeam
		Hop Hornbeam, small tree of the birch family.
		The tree usually does not grow more than 9 m (30 ft) tall, and its short trunk is up to 46 cm (18 in)...
		The family also contains alder, hornbeam, ironwood or hop hornbeam, among others.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /hornbeam.html (94 words)

	Reunion Hall - USCGC Hornbeam
		I served aboard the Hornbeam from 70 to 72 as a Yeoman and Mackiewicz was the Storekeeper.
		I was on Hornbeam in the early 70's and was aboard when she was involved in a collision with a huge Brazilan freighter off the coast of MA.
		I was the Commanding Officer of the HORNBEAM from 1988 to 1991.
	www.fredsplace.org /reunion/cutter/1250.shtml (4993 words)

	The Hornbeam
		A hop hornbeam can be identified by its bark, divided into thin narrow strips which tend to curl at the loose ends.
		Although it has about the same range as the hop hornbeam, and they grow side by side, it is usually found on moist soils and along stream banks.
		The flowers are similar to those of the hop hornbeam but, unlike other native members of the Birch Family, the male catkins do not appear until spring and are not found on the tree, partially developed, in winter.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/300-399/nb356.htm (608 words)

	Hornbeam - A 1986 Toyota Tercel Wagon SR5 4WD (with fuel injection!)
		The name Hornbeam comes from a small, sturdy tree that can be found near swamps.
		When we were leaving, we washed Hornbeam with the fire hose that everyone is supposed to use before going back out on the road.
		Hornbeam's original engine is slowly working its way back where it belongs, in Hornbeam.
	www.geocities.com /gasolinefumes/hornbeam (1343 words)

	My Bonsai - oriental hornbeam 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After a week, when the buds began to open, I knew my oriental hornbeam overcame the shock of extraction and survived.
		I shortened the new branches to 1 or 2 pairs of leaves, whence the new outgrowths have burst condensing the crown.
		If we are missing a branch in the crown structure, we need not worry because oriental hornbeams burst aboundantly with buds even on the trunk, so that by leaving the right outgowth we can relatively shortly form it correctly.
	www.my-bonsai.com /en/hornbeam.2.htm (320 words)

	NYSite West Side - American Hornbeam Tree
		The word "hornbeam" comes from the words "horn" for "toughness" and "beam" an old English word for "tree" and refers to this tree's very hard, tough, wood.
		The Hornbeam reaches a height of 30 feet with a trunk measuring l foot in diameter.
		WOOD: The wood of the Hornbeam tree is heavy, hard, tough, strong, and durable.
	www.nysite.com /nature/flora/muscle.htm (564 words)

	AllRefer.com - hornbeam, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		hornbeam or ironwood, name in North America for two groups of trees of the family Betulaceae (birch family), native to the eastern half of the continent.
		The strong, heavy wood of both species is used for tool handles, mallets, and vehicle parts.
		Hornbeams are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Fagales, family Betulaceae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hornbeam.html (191 words)

	Hornbeam Ivy \| Steam Valve Original \| Hollys of Bath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hornbeam Ivy was founded in October 1986 and is located in Frome, in the South West of England, where the company began the manufacture of soap and lotion dispensers for the residential and commercial market.
		Primarily Hornbeam Ivy designs and manufactures product lines of OEM customers, whether it be a totally new product design, or a requirement for a product to be designed alongside an existing product design.
		Hornbeam Ivy has established an extensive network of showrooms for its product lines in North America and Europe through successful distribution partnerships and continues in its efforts to develop these relationships and to establish new markets for its product lines worldwide.
	www.steamvalveoriginal.com /about.html (342 words)

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