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Topic: Horned lizard

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	Horned lizard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Horned lizards (Phrynosoma) are a genus of the Phrynosomatidae family of lizards.
		The horned lizard is popularly called a "horned toad," "horny toad", or "horned frog," but it is neither a toad nor a frog.
		The horned lizard is the state reptile of Texas, and as the "horned frog," is the mascot of Texas Christian University (TCU).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Horned_toad (493 words)

	AllRefer.com - horned lizard (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		horned lizard or horned toad, broad, flat-bodied lizards of the genus Phrynosoma, found in arid regions from extreme SW Canada to Guatemala.
		Horned lizards are protectively colored, usually in dull grays and browns.
		Horned lizards are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Reptilia, order Squamata, family Iguanidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hornedli.html (261 words)

	Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma spp.)
		Horned lizards are found throughout the Sonoran Desert region from near sea level up to 11,300 feet (3440 m).
		Some species are widespread, such as the round-tailed and Texas horned lizards which occur in several U.S. and Mexican states, while the flat-tailed horned lizard (P. mcalli) is restricted to southwestern Arizona, extreme southeastern California, a small part of northeastern Baja California and the upper neck of northwestern Sonora, Mexico.
		Horned lizards are no exception to the general rule that lizards are not attracted to dead insects as food—the ants must be alive and moving for the lizard to show interest in them as prey.
	www.desertmuseum.org /books/horned_lizard.html (776 words)

	Digimorph - Phrynosoma cornutum (Texas horned lizard) - whole
		Horned lizards are readily distinguished from other lizards by their wide dorso-ventrally flattened body, skull adorned with a crown of horns, and spiny skin.
		Horned lizards are unusual in that they are myrmecophagous - ant eaters - with blunt, noncuspid, peglike teeth for crushing prey.
		Texas horned lizard populations have declined significantly in Texas and Oklahoma.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Phrynosoma_cornutum/whole (621 words)

	Texas Horned Lizard
		Horned lizards or "horny toads" are small lizards with bodies so flattened that they are almost circular in shape.
		Horned lizards are masters of camouflage, generally relying on their coloration for protection and sometimes even partially burying themselves in sand.
		If their camouflage fails, horned lizards have a final defense; they can squirt droplets of blood from their eyes, potentially confusing a predator and allowing them to escape.
	www.uga.edu /srelherp/lizards/phrcor.htm (294 words)

	Horned Lizards, Part 2
		Wide fluctuations in horned lizard body temperatures under natural conditions presumably reflect both the long activity period and perhaps their reduced movements into or out of the sun and shade (the vast majority of these lizards are in the open sun when first sighted).
		Lizards that must be able to move rapidly to escape predators, such as whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus), would hardly be expected to weight themselves down with eggs to the same extent as animals like horned lizards that rely almost entirely upon spines and camouflage to avoid their enemies.
		Horned lizard populations continue to decline and disappear throughout the southwest despite protective legislation.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~varanus/phryno2.html (1765 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: HORNED LIZARD
		The Texas horned lizard is the most widely known and the most prevalent in the state, and in 1993 was officially designated the state reptile by the Texas legislature.
		The Texas horned lizard, commonly called the "horny toad," is typically 2½ to 4 inches long and has a short, pointed snout, a broad, flat body, and a short tail.
		Originally, protection for the Texas horned lizard was sought because it was being overcollected for the pet and curio trades and for trading by the Boy Scouts at national jamborees.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/HH/tdhyk.html (736 words)

	University of California, San Diego: External Relations: News & Information: News Releases : Science
		Their smaller size appears to be one main reason why populations of coastal horned lizards, which prefer to feed on the larger native ants rather than on other, harder to capture insects, have declined by 50 percent or more in areas where Argentine ants have invaded.
		The lizards, which are designated as a “species of concern” in California, are candidates for federal and state listing because of their sharp declines, according to the scientists.
		Case says one important lesson learned from the decline of the coastal horned lizard is that land managers attempting to preserve open space around new suburban or urban developments may succeed in preserving natural vegetation, but if they don’t take care to avoid fragmenting the landscape, the natural fauna of the area won’t be preserved.
	ucsdnews.ucsd.edu /newsrel/science/mclizard.htm (1229 words)

	Horned Lizard/Horny Toad/Chaparral Lizards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most horned lizard species are well represented in the fossil record by the Pleistocene (1 million years ago, mya), P. cornutum is found in the upper Pliocene (3 mya), and P. douglasi is known from the mid Miocene (15 mya).
		Native Mexican people also respect horned lizards attributing the words, "Don't tread on me! I am the color of the earth and I hold the world; therefore walk carefully, that you do not tread on me." A Mexican common name for horned lizards is "torito de la Virgen" or the Virgin's little bull.
		This name apparently was given to the lizards both because of their horns and because horned lizards are sacred to many people due to their blood squirting behaviors, otherwise considered weeping tears of blood.
	www.zianet.com /dzblack/toad.html (378 words)

	TEXAS HORNED LIZARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Texas Horned Lizard or "horny toad" is a flat-bodied and fierce-looking lizard.
		It is the only species of horned lizard to have dark brown stripes that radiate downward from the eyes and across the top of the head.
		Horned lizards are ant specialists and Texas Horned Lizards, in particular, eat a large number of harvester ants.
	www.galenaparkisd.com /cybercamp/2001/lizard/texas_horned_lizard.htm (503 words)

	Short-horned Lizard Natural History
		Horned lizards (Phrynosoma spp.) are a unique genus of lizards with specialized morphological, behavioral, and ecological adaptations that set them apart from other species of lizards.
		The horns are a means of protection against predation from other reptiles, and since leopard lizards, whiptails, and other predators of Phrynosoma are rare if not absent in the range of P.
		Partuition and clutch characteristics of short-horned lizards from Alberta.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~titus/herp_old/douglassiihistory.htm (1881 words)

	SDNHM -Coast Horned Lizard
		This is how it happens: the horned lizard increases the blood pressure in its head; when the pressure increases, tiny blood vessels in the corner of eyes rupture and blood shoots out, sometimes as far as four feet.
		Perhaps the horned lizard's best defense mechanism is its disruptive or cryptic coloration, which is so similar to their background they become indistinguishable from it.
		The Coast Horned Lizard produces clutches of 6 to 21 eggs from May to June.
	www.sdnhm.org /fieldguide/herps/phry-cor.html (594 words)

	Horned lizard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The coast horned lizard is uncommon to common in suitable habitat.
		Horned lizard, Phrynosoma coronatum Behavior of the Horned Lizards.
		Horned lizards are small, well-camouflaged reptiles, which are common in arid regions of western North America.
	www.bigcreditreport.com /horned-lizard.html (783 words)

	Researchers to Determine if Horned Lizards Get Malaria
		Horned lizards are reptiles with tails and a scaled body.
		The Texas horned lizards can be distinguished from other species of horned lizards by the two very sharp spikes that protrude from the back of their heads, two rows of fringed scales on their sides, dark brown to sooty-colored dorsal spots edged with lighter colors and a light-colored stripe down the middle of their back.
		Today, Texas horned lizards are found in the southeastern tip of Arizona and Colorado, southern and eastern New Mexico, most of Kansas and Texas and all of Oklahoma.
	www.tamuk.edu /news/1999/april/lizardswithmalaria.htm (922 words)

	Creature Features: Horned Lizards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The are lizards, that is they are reptiles, not amphibians as the misnomer would suggest.
		Horned lizards come out mostly in the morning and evening when it is cooler.
		Ants are not very high in nutrition, thus the regal horned lizard must eat a great number of ants to meet his needs.
	www.desertmuseum.org /kids/features_hornedlizards.html (417 words)

	Horned Lizards
		Horned lizards are a rather fecund group, and lay or give birth to many offspring compared to other lizards.
		Horned lizards have evolved a variety of mechanisms to avoid their predators which include loggerhead shrikes, hawks, roadrunners, a variety of snakes, coyotes and foxes.
		Horned lizards will capitalize on their armor by inflating their bodies with air until they look like spiny balloons.
	www.zo.utexas.edu /faculty/pianka/phryno.html (1931 words)

	Horned toad,Reptiles,Amphibians,Horned toad Picture Gallery Collection,Horned toad Pictures,Encyclopedia,Horned toad
		Horned toads are found from southwestern Canada to Guatemala.
		Horned toads are active in daylight, for food is taken only when temperatures are sufficiently high.
		Horned toads defend themselves by adopting threatening postures, by burying themselves in the soil, or by squirting blood to a distance of nearly 2 m (6 ft) from a sinus at the base of the third eyelid (nictitating membrane).
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/reptilesindex.asp?counter=21 (230 words)

	SHORT-HORNED LIZARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Insufficient data on effect of grazing on lizard density however it is unlikely that overgrazing is responsible for the disappearance of Short-horned Lizards.
		Short-horned Lizards are live-bearing or viviparous (probably an adaptation to cold climates) and have been known to produce broods as large as 31.
		Typically, horned lizards are active earlier in the morning and later in the evening than are other lizards and frequently have quite variable body temperatures.
	www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca /end_species/species/shliz.html (1024 words)

	Horned Lizards (DesertUSA)
		Of all the North American lizards, Horned Lizards are the most fearsome-looking and distinctive by virtue of the pointed, protruding "horns" above their eyes.
		The Coast Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum), which is found in coastal and cismontane California, crosses to the east side of the Baja Peninsula, actually making contact with the Desert Horned Lizard in the vicinity of Bahía de Los Angeles.
		Horned Lizards are neat creatures but hard to keep because most of them are obligate ant eaters and, at that, eat a very limited number of species of ants.
	www.desertusa.com /april96/du_hliz.html (1316 words)

	Phrynosoma.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There is not much argument that Horned Lizards are a fascinating species, but they are definitely a challenge, even for the experienced herper.
		Horned lizards are a shy species and require a lot of special care and attention.
		Horned lizards are not very friendly and are typically very shy.
	www.phrynosoma.com (637 words)

	Horned Lizards
		Horned lizards are often referred to as horny-toads due to their round toad like bodies.
		They are lizards, however, and are easily identified by the thorny projections at the rear of the head and fringe-like scales around the sides which give them a distinctly prehistoric look.
		Some horned lizards are difficult to distinguish from rocks (like this guy); thus they avoid detection by would-be predators.
	www.toddshikingguide.com /FloraFauna/Fauna13.htm (225 words)

	Texas Horned Toad Facts and Legends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is one of 7 species of horned lizards that inhabit the United States, and one of three species of horned toad that are known to reside in Texas.
		The Texas horned Toads are distinguished by their unique horn configuration, double row of spines along the sides, dark gray to dark brown bands on the head and a relatively colorful body.
		The horned lizard or horned frog as it is sometimes called has existed for an indeterminate but lengthy period.
	www.texashornedtoads.com /page9.html (829 words)

	Horned lizards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The texas horned lizard is the largest of the horned lizards in the state and is found throughout the range of this work.
		The roundtail horned lizards are found throughout the range of this work.
		The mountain short-horned lizard is currently reported from two limited populations, one in the Davis Mountains and one in the Guadalupe Mountains.
	herpo.com /trans-pecos/lizards/phryno.html (348 words)

	Reptiles and Amphibians » Lizards » Horned Toad Main Page
		Horned Toads are usually brown to gray in coloring, and measure between three and seven inches in length.
		The horns, which give these lizards their name, are actually modified scales over the back and sides of their heads.
		Horned Lizards, or Horned Toads as they are more commonly called, make their homes all the way from southern Canada down to Guatemala, effectively encompassing almost all of North and Central America.
	www.centralpets.com /animals/reptiles/lizards/lzd5841.html (593 words)

	The Food Habits of the Sympatric Horned Lizards, Phrynosoma modestum and P. cornutum, by Robert M Chew
		In 1958 a permanent cattle grazing exclosure was established to study the long-term dynamics of a “new ecosystem” dominated by desert shrubs that had replaced fl grama grassland previously degraded by over grazing, drought and soil erosion.
		Table 2 shows the seasonal distribution of sightings of horned lizards and of the samples of their feedings. The monthly distributions of Phrynosoma are like those of ant activity at bait boards, except that most ants peaked in June-July and had sharper peaks of abundance than the lizards (Chew, unpublished). P.
		Lizards captured in the field were held in the lab until they passed fecal pellets.
	www.larrea-plot.com /Lizard.htm (3463 words)

	Desert: The Horned Lizard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma) or horned toads as they are commonly called, are related to the anoles, which belong to the iguana family.
		Horned lizards have a very peculiar habit of squirting blood from their eyes when they are alarmed or captured.
		The toy Horned Lizard shown at right was made by the RGU Group.
	www.jeannieshouse.com /desert/horned_lizard.html (177 words)

	Texas Tech University Press -- Horned Lizards (Revised Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Horned lizards, or horny toads, as they are popularly known throughout the West, have long had a particular mystique in American folklore.
		Dried horned lizards were sold in the roadside curio shops along the nation’s major highways.
		Jane Manaster has written this book for a general audience, but she treats all aspects of the lizards’ biology as well as the horned lizard’s place throughout the culture of the West.
	www.ttup.ttu.edu /books/HORNEDLIZARDS.html (242 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Center for Biological Diversity, Sierra Club, Horned Lizard Conservation Society, Tucson Herpetological Society, and Defenders of Wildlife were forced in to court on October 30, 2003 to challenge Norton’s illegal January 3, 2003 denial of Endangered Species Act protection for the lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii), an attractive Sonoran desert native.
		The flat-tailed horned lizard inhabits portions of the Sonoran Desert in southern California’s California Desert Conservation Area (Riverside, Imperial and San Diego counties), Arizona (Yuma county), and northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Baja Calif. N).
		The main cause for the decline of the lizard is conversion of habitat to urban sprawl and agriculture.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/lizard8-30-05.html (603 words)

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