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Topic: Horsa Glider

	Northwest Historical Association Newsletter
		Glider Pilots took part in resupply operations to Marshal Tito's partisans, the invasion of Southern France, and the invasion and occupation of Athens, Greece in late 1944.
		Glider pilots were either qualified as "1st Pilots" who wore the large RAF style wings with the Kings Crown and Lion, or "2nd Pilots" who wore a smaller style wing with a simple "G" within a circle.
		The Horsa was the backbone of the British Airborne Forces, it had a wingspan of 88 feet, a length of 67 feet and was made entirely of wood.
	www.nwha.org /news_4Q2000/news_page5.html (2838 words)

	Horsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Charles inaugurate a replica of the famous Horsa gliders that brought in airborne troops...
		Collier measures part of the old fuselage of a Horsa glider; inset, an artist's drawing of the wartime...
		Twin warriors are a common theme in folklore, and because our earliest witness to Horsa's existence, Bede, mentions a stone existed that recorded his name, recent scholars have speculated that his name came from an Roman inscription which was illegible except for part of the Latin word for cavalry -- cohort.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Horsa (335 words)

	The Horsa glider
		The Horsa was the primary glider used in the paratrooper landings at both D-Day in June 1944 and Arnhem in September 1944.
		The Horsa I was designed to carry 25 soldiers while the Horsa II had a hinged nose and carried vehicles and guns.
		The first major use of the Horsa was in July 1943 in the invasion of Sicily.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /horsa_glider.htm (306 words)

	The 440th Troop Carrier Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is one man's story of flying the combat glider in World War 2, learning to fly small powered airplanes, glider flying, and training to be an effective combat soldier once the glider lands on the field of battle.
		The damaged glider comes in too high, too fast and it is a wild ride as the glider thunders across the field and slams into the trees of a hedgerow.
		As the glider pilots are in contact with the C-47 pilot by way of a telephone line running along the glider tow rope they are all aware of the incredible danger to both craft but the crews complete the mission which is critical to the airborne troops fighting below.
	www.440thtroopcarriergroup.org /tcarticle_americangliderpilot.shtml (683 words)

	H.N. "Andy" Andrews
		The Horsa glider piloted by Andrews was one of 11 assigned to 3rd Parachute Brigade of 6th Airborne Division, which dropped east of the River Orne on the extreme left flank of the Allied beachhead.
		Glider techniques were honed to perfection by this stage of the war and less than 4 per cent of the gliders were destroyed in flight.
		On one occasion a trainee pilot cast-off his glider prematurely at 750 ft, leaving it facing 180 degrees in the wrong direction and with nowhere to land - except the dispersal area on the take-off airfield.
	www.mishalov.com /Andrews.html (870 words)

	British Armed Forces & National Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Shortly after the order came to board the Horsa glider, I was seated on the front side of the Horsa in the fourth seat from the door.
		The silence was broken by the sound of air rushing across the huge wings of the Horsa glider as it surged towards its landing.
		The third glider,No.93, had landed shortly after our Horsa, one man drowned in the pond, several men were injured including Lt Smith who had injured his wrist, whilst one of the glider pilots, Geff Barkway, was later wounded after failing to respond to a password challenge.
	www.britisharmedforces.org /blirreg/ns/nat_harry_clark.htm (2539 words)

	401st Glider Infantry Regiment -Gliders2
		To unload heavy equipment from the glider, the tail section was unbolted and pushed to one side.
		Having trouble removing the bolts during training, small explosive charges were attached to the bolts to aid in the speed of unloading in combat.
		The 101st AB used the Horsa gliders in all of it's landing operations during WWII and played a major role in the delivery of Artillery, men, Jeeps, and heavy equipment that the division needed to fight behind the enemies lines.
	www.geocities.com /gir327_401/401stgir_gliders2.html (287 words)

	Assault Gliders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The glider would lift-off before the tow aircraft, and had to be flown close to the ground to avoid lifting the tail of the tow aircraft
		Horsa gliders on the ground to the west of Arnhem, after a tactical landing during operation Market Garden.
		Airborne troops load a Jeep and trailer they have unloaded from their Horsa glider which can be seen to the left with the tail removed.
	www.assaultgliderproject.co.uk /gliders.html (285 words)

	3rd Brigade WW2 Reenactors - Glider Pilot Regiment
		As part of this concept the Glider Pilots were expected to become expert at every type of weapon and equipment used by the Airborne Forces, from Bren Guns to Jeeps to the Piat, the Glider Pilot was expected to be proficient at all of these and of course successfully land his glider as well!
		The next operation involved the ferrying of Horsa gliders from Great Britain to Morocco, this operation was hazardous as well, with several gliders being shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German fighters.
		Again the glider losses were heavy, some 75% of all gliders were hit by flak, many disintegrating before landing or crashing in flames.
	www.6th-airborne.org /gpr.html (2839 words)

	Airspeed Horsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Horsa was first used in combat on July 10, 1943, when 27 were used in the invasion of Sicily.
		Glider pilots were usually from the Glider Pilot Regiment, part of the Army Air Corps, although Royal Air Force pilots were used on occasion.
		The gliders were built in a number of sections, each produced in a separate factories in case of German attack.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Airspeed-Horsa.htm (580 words)

	Normandy: A Glider Pilot's Story
		It was changed from the English Horsa glider to the American CG-4A at the very last minute due to his persistence at the very highest level of command.
		After the gliders were unloaded and the casualties from the wrecks were taken care of, things settled down, and I went back to the CP to dig in for the night in an apple orchard behind a stable.
		The glider hit a large tree on the left side which sheared off the wing and stripped the fabric off the left side of the fuselage.
	www.71stsos.com /normandygeobuckley.html (5324 words)

	Articles - Airspeed Horsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Airspeed AS.51 Horsa was a World War II troop-carrying glider built by the British company Airspeed Ltd and subcontractors and used for air assault by British and Allied armed forces.
		The Horsa was first used in combat on July 10, 1943, when 27 were used in Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily.
		The pilots were usually from the Glider Pilot Regiment, part of the Army Air Corps, although Royal Air Force pilots were used on occasion.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Horsa_glider (548 words)

	Pegasus Bridge -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This was the second objective of the Ox and Bucks, and was assaulted by glider in a similar fashion the same night.
		Further elements of the 6th Airborne landed by glider and parachute throughout the day to reinforce the defenders, and the bridge was successfully held until relieved by British ground units.
		The latest addition to the museum is a full-size replica of a Horsa glider.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/pegasus_bridge.htm (505 words)

	Glider Infantry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Glider Infantry rode the gliders into combat, flying in the same sky convoys as their paratrooper comrades but, for some time, they were excluded from the hazard pay the paratroops received.
		The British Horsa glider was larger and held more troops but was made of wood substituted for metal during wartime scarcities.
		Crashed Horsas - Ironically, Glider Infantry initially did not receive jump pay since their training and combat assaults in gliders were considered safer than jumping.
	www.pointvista.com /WW2GliderPilots/GliderInfantry.htm (775 words)

	RETURN HOME
		The CG-20 all metal Troop Transport Glider developed during WWII evolved into the C-123 Provider that was the tactical airlift workforce of the Vietnam war.
		Many surplus CG-4A gliders were purchased after the war, not for the glider, but for the high quality wood of the packing crates in which they were delivered.
		, the Horsa’s were modified with explosive bolts around the empennage (tail section) which blew off the tail to permit rapid egress of the troops after landing.
	www.315group.org /gliders.htm (1243 words)

	Horsa Glider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The glider would lift-off before the tow aircraft, and had to be flown close to the ground to avoid lifting the tail of
		The Horsa and Waco were both used by British and American Glider Infantry.
		This site is a tribute to the men of the Glider Pilot Regiment, several of whom I have had the privilege to meet.
	www.kellysfindithere22.info /horsa-glider.html (418 words)

	Airborne jeep page
		In the same year instructions were issued for a military glider to be designed capable of carrying between 24 and 36 fully armed troops.
		The use of gliders to fly in men, weapons, artillery and jeeps proved invaluable on June 6th 1944 (D-Day) as part of Operation Overlord.
		The glider arm of the British Airborne Division was ultimately disbanded after the war in 1946.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jeep_man/airborne.htm (595 words)

	World War II Glider Pilot - Raymond Bean
		The glider carried troops...15 in the WACO and 34 in the Horsa ; it also carried jeeps, gasoline, artillery pieces, ammunition, and food for the isolated front line troops.
		Bringing in his glider full of men met his first challenge as the field was too small and full of landed gliders.
		On the 26th, Ray was in one of the 301 planes that flew, along with 11 gliders, on the re-supply mission.
	www.battleofsaipan.com /gliderpilot.htm (4310 words)

	Airspeed Horsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Horsa is far from being a graceful aircraft but despite this it preserves a considerable measure of aerodynamic efficiency together with a high load carrying capability.
		The Horsa incorporates a number of interesting design features and is one of the first gliders to incorporate tricycle undercarriage.
		Perhaps the Horsa's finest hour came in the early stages of the Normandy Invasion when six Horsas loaded with infantry descended in the darkness of the morning of June 6, 1944, to capture and hold bridges over the Orne and Caen Canal, bridges that would allow German reinforcements to counter attack the Normandy landings.
	www.pavaservices.com /cfs/Horsa.htm (448 words)

	Nase noviny - Flying Soldiers (GPR in WWII)
		The Horsa glider bucked and bounced at the end of the tow-rope as the pilot of its bomber tug tried desperately to avoid the German flak.
		The War Office memorandum announcing the formation of the British 1st Airborne Division noted that the 'glider pilot will be a highly trained airman both in power aircraft and gliders; in addition to which he must be highly trained as a fighting soldier having landed'.
		To aid the first shock of the landing, new Horsa Mk IIs were used, with a swing nose capability that enabled their loads to roll straight to the enemy.
	www.geocities.com /nasenoviny/GPREN.html (2202 words)

	The British WWII "Airspeed" Horsa Invasion Glider
		With the success of Germany's glider borne troops during the invasion of France and the low countries, the Allies began looking at making there own versions.
		Equipped with a large cargo door on the port side, jettisonable tail and a nose that swung upwards, the Horsa proved to be very capable.
		The Horsa was extremely manuevrable considering it was un- powered and rather large.
	www.fiddlersgreen.net /AC/aircraft/Airspeed-Horsa/horsa.php (368 words)

	Major John Francis Lyne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Major "Daddy" Lyne commanded "D" Squadron and he flew a Horsa glider on the first lift, carrying a Jeep, trailer, two motor boats and men of the 4th Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery.
		On the night June 5th/6th the Glider flown by Major Lyne was hit by anti-aircraft fire and a crash landing east of the River Dives was unavoidable.
		When his glider was cast-off and descended through the cloud layer, it became clear that the area around about was completely unsuitable for a landing, however once a heavily laden glider is released it constantly loses altitude and so a landing had to be made somewhere.
	www.ornebridgehead.org /john_lyne.htm (260 words)

	Staff-Sergeant Bert Harget (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bert Harget was born in Aberystwyth in 1918, and was employed at a shoe firm from 1934.
		At the start of the sequence, the King is shown arriving in his car and, for a few frames, passing a Horsa glider.
		On the night of the 5th June, flying a Horsa and being towed by a Dakota, he transported a full load of troops of the 1st Royal Ulster Rifles of the 6th Airlanding Brigade to Normandy.
	www.arnhemarchive.org /bert_harget.htm (1688 words)

	Airborne jeep modifications
		- to get the jeep into a Horsa glider this was made detachable using a wingnut and the horn button relocated to the dashboard, usually to the left of the flout switch.
		A remote control unit and spare valve case were mounted on the opposite rear mudguard.
		Both the jeep and trailer had a yellow vertical line to indicate the centre of gravity painted on the driver's side (left) so that it could be correctly positioned in the glider.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jeep_man/abmods.htm (990 words)

	Staff-Sergeant Harry Howard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At the time of D-Day I was a S/Sgt Pilot in F Squadron of the Glider Pilot Regiment, based at Broadwell RAF Station near Burford in Oxfordshire, having returned from glider operations in the Mediterranean earlier that year...
		Although the Horsa was equipped with a skid which was designed for landing in a shorter distance than would be possible with the undercarriage, we had long learned to keep the wheels intact and not jettison them after take-off.
		They were fitted with hydraulic brakes which meant that upon touching down the glider could be steered left or right for a distance if there was an obstruction straight ahead.
	www.ornebridgehead.org /harry_howard.htm (438 words)

	RAF Station Diary March 1944
		A Horsa glider crash landed after being airborne by a Stirling aircraft.
		A Horsa glider towed by a Stirling aircraft foul landed near WESTBURY.
		One Horsa was discovered u/s before take-off and one was airborne when the elevator control failed and the tug and Horsa returned to base.
	www.tarrant-rushton.ndirect.co.uk /1944March.htm (1174 words)

	The Royal Air Force operations in support of D-Day
		A Horsa could carry 25 paratroops and made its operational debut in November 1942 during the failed attack on a German heavy water plant in Norway.
		Three Horsas were used to insert the party which took the important Pegasus Bridge in the very first moments of the invasion.
		Of all the gliders used by the allies in World War II, the General Aircraft Hamilcar was the largest.
	www.raf.mod.uk /dday/ac_gliders.html (311 words)

	F/Lt BOYER, 296 Squadron, RAF, Award of the DFC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Horsa glider was loaded with a jeep plus trailer, a 75mm Pack howitzer and four troops of the 1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Royal Artillery.
		The glider pilots were Staff Sergeant Annand and Sergeant Davey, both B-Squadron, the Glider Pilot Regiment.
		Flt Lt Boyer told his glider to hang on an even keel while his navigator came back to the second pilot’s seat, braced himself sideways and took the strain of holding the control wheel over, while the captain made the smaller corrections necessary to keep on course.
	www.raf38group.org /boyer (386 words)

	Planenews Aviation News Portal - War glider hero meets pupils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During the conflict, Denzil flew a Horsa glider as big as a modern airliner, packed with troops and artillery.
		In 1944 the gliders, made mainly from wood and plastic, were employed to capture Arnhem bridge.
		It was one of the most spectacular Allied operations of the war, with waves of troops sweeping in on parachutes and gliders.
	www.planenews.com /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=3347 (201 words)

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