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Topic: Horse culture

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	horse. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A male horse is called a stallion, or if castrated, a gelding; a female is a mare; her offspring are foals—males are colts, females are fillies.
		Horses were used for hunting buffalo and other game, for warfare, and for pulling loads on a travois.
		Escaped Indian horses were ancestral to the mustang, the so-called wild horse of the W United States.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ho/horse.html (903 words)

	The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture \| Introduction by Candace S. Greene
		Through explanations of how horses must be watered and pastured, trained and protected, how rapidly they could travel and how much they could transport, he quickly came to appreciate that adoption of the horse represented a substantial investment in a new technology.
		In considering the horse as a source of transport, he translates much of the material culture of the Blackfoot into pounds per horse and calculates how many horses would be required for the transport of tipis, dried meat, and other camp supplies (p.138).
		Horses thus became a cause of war as well as transforming the methods by which war was waged.
	www.sil.si.edu /DigitalCollections/BAE/Bulletin159/intro.htm (1571 words)

	Horse Research Review
		Glade and Biesik (l986) at the University of Maryland used yearling Thoroughbreds, instead of mature horses as used in previous studies, to measure the effect of yeast culture on digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing horses.
		A few years later, a conditioning study was conducted in Michigan with unconditioned horses to determine the effect of yeast culture on heart rate and blood lactic acid, indicators of aerobic capacity (Campbell and Glade, 1989; Glade and Campbell-Taylor, 1990).
		While the differences in blood lactate levels between the control and yeast culture horses during exercise were not statistically different, there was a definite numerical difference similar to that of the previous study and the differences during the recovery period tended (P=.13) to be lower during yeast culture supplementation.
	www.diamondv.com /protected03/articles/horse/Horse_Research_Review.htm (1701 words)

	The Lusitano Horse
		Horses from these stud farms were then used by the Roman cavalry to accomplish the expansion of their Empire.
		This superb war horse was the one that the conquistadors introduced and dispersed throughout the together with the a la gineta style of riding, which influenced the horse cultures of the Gauchos, Charros and Llaneros.
		In modern Portugal, the performance of the horse in the bullring is perhaps one of the most important factor in the breeding selection process of the Lusitanos and this factor has sustained the preservation of the characteristics of the classical Iberian war horse, so esteemed in the world across the ages.
	mundo-taurino.org /horses2.html (1293 words)

	Indian Horse Culture
		The acquisition of horses by the plains Indians in the early 18th century transformed the lives of most tribes between the Rockies and the Mississippi.
		With a good horse under him, a hunter could go faster than a buffalo which gave him an enormous advantage.
		The Indian acquisition of the horse reminds me of the somewhat analogous technological revolution in our society caused by the invention and ubiquitous spread of motor vehicles.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-HorseCulture.html (760 words)

	A little culture
		But as we ask the horse to perform increasing amounts of work it is necessary to feed higher levels of grain to meet energy requirements.
		In the horse, yeast culture enhances the activity of the fiber-digesting bacteria in the hindgut, which reduces gut acidity and creates a more stable gut environment.
		Foals from mares fed yeast culture grow faster and are taller, due to the increased quantity and quality of nutrients found in the milk.
	www.horses-and-horse-information.com /articles/1098culture.shtml (641 words)

	Plains Indian Horse Culture History Spanish Horses Pictures Maps
		Horses spread out of the southwest in primarily two directions: north to the Shoshone and from them to the Nez Perce, Flatheads, and the Crow; north and east to the Kiowa and Pawnee and then to the cousins of the Pawnee, the Arikara.
		Horses spread through the Arikara to the Missouri River villages of the Mandan and Hidatsa and eventually to the Sioux and the Cheyenne.
		Before the horse, the primary way of hunting buffalo was for members of the village to try and surround a herd and drive it into a corral (Piskun), or run the herd off a cliff.
	www.thefurtrapper.com /indian_horse.htm (3469 words)

	The Lusitano Horse in History
		Although it is not exactly clear how many of the invaders had brought horses with them, one can speculate that because of the difficulties in transportation the number of horses was limited and that most of the Cavalry men obtained their horses from the outstanding Iberian stock existing in the south of the Iberian peninsula.
		This superb war horse was the one that the Conquistadors introduced and dispersed throughout the Americas, together with the a la gineta style of riding, which influenced the horse cultures of the Gauchos, Charros and Llaneros.
		In modern Portugal, the performance of the horse in the bullring is perhaps one of the most important factor in the breeding and selection process of the Lusitano horse.
	www.conquistador.com /lusitano.html (1273 words)

	Horse of a Different Color (Audio book)
		Horse of a Different Color shows that while a fast horse is necessary in order to win the Derby, a sense of humor and a boundless capacity for humiliation is absolutely essential.
		It is a world where the horses are as exciting as Seabiscuit and Secretariat and the human characters as eccentric and beguiling as any found in comic literature.
		But standing calmly at the center of the commotion is Monarchos, whose prodigious talents would carry the motley band of people around him to the highest level of their profession.
	www.horseinfo.com /cart/horseofcolor.html (278 words)

	Eurasian nomads - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Europe was exposed to several waves of invasions by horse people, from the Cimmerians in the 8th century BC, down to the Migration period, and the Mongols and Seljuks in the High Middle Ages, and the Tatars down into modern times.
		The concept of "horse people" was of some importance in 19th century scholarship, in connection with the rediscovery of Germanic pagan culture by Romanticism (see Viking revival), which idealized the Goths in particular as a heroic horse-people.
		Shippey T.A. Goths and Huns: The rediscovery of Northern culture in the nineteenth century, in The Medieval legacy: A symposium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Horse_people (477 words)

	Icelandic Horse, Marketing the Icelandic Horse in America
		The world had an estimated 61 million horses in the mid-1990s, of which over 10 percent were in the U.S. The AHC Foundation completed a study in 1996 of The Economic Impact of the Horse Industry in the United States.
		Each of these three breeds (Icelandic, Peruvian, Fino) had individual horses brought into the US prior to the middle of the 20th century, but it was in the 1950's and 1960's (post-war) when each one got their breed identity in North America.
		The difference between the horses coming to the United States is that the Paso Finos came with American servicemen and were mainstreamed into the American horse culture, easily sliding into wearing western tack, trail riding, becoming family horses, working cows.
	iceryder.net /marketing.html (2390 words)

	Winter 2004/2005
		For some reason I had the idea that the horse culture in England would be at a much higher level in terms of education than we have here in the States.
		Horse.” As your timing improves the horse will choose to make the right decision and move progressively lower on the V, until ultimately your mind will tell the horse it is time to go.
		As the horse handles this, you motion for the kids to come in closer as you continue supporting the horse and keeping his mind occupied.
	www.horsewhisperer.com /newsletter_winter_2004_2005.html (2158 words)

	Equestrian History & Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Evidence indicates that the horse was first harnessed in Japan during the late 4th century AD during the Kofun period (late 3rd through the late 6th centuries AD).
		With the exception of racehorses, the horse is slowly disappearing from the Japanese landscape.
		While horses once played an important role in transportation, agriculture, and the military, today these functions are performed primarily by machines.
	www.imh.org /imh/jp/jp2.html (330 words)

	Andalusian horse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is one of the two sub-breeds of the Iberian horses, and extremely similar to the closely related Lusitano breed.
		The Sorraia horse remained isolated for several millennia in the southern part of Iberia, the Alentejo and Andalusian regions of modern Portugal and Spain.
		The Spanish horses were known for their use as cavalry mounts by the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andalusian_horse (957 words)

	Horse
		Surya driving his chariot pulled by seven horses is the subject of many carvings in Hindu temples, and it is well-known that the chariot of the Greek god Apollo in his role as Phoebus (phoibos) mover of the sun, was drawn by a team of horses, too.
		It is recorded that the queen of the people of the horse had to perform a symbolic sexual act with the body of a sacrificed stallion that was believed to endow the earth with fertility and, by association, her husband with the solar essence that imbued him with kingly power.
		Due to Moghul influence on Indian culture and imagination, people tend to depict his mount as a flowing-maned Arabian type of horse, but the physical characteristics of the animal as described in the epic poem seem typical of an equine breed at least 3,000 years old that is still found today in Turkmenistan.
	www.khandro.net /animal_horse.htm (2487 words)

	Horse Gazette's Indian Horse Breed Profile
		AIHR was started in 1961 in California with the stated purpose of preserving and promoting those horses descended from the mounts brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors and colonists, and acquired by the various nomadic Native American tribes.
		The Class O (Original) for the purebred "Mustang" or "Indian Horse" is for horses that are not bred to conform to popular current standards, but to preserve original bloodlines of Native American Indian tribes.
		The Indian Horse's loyalty is legend as is their toughness and intelligence and anyone who is fortunate enough to share their loves with one knows how truly special they are.
	www.horsegazette.com /Breeds/indian_horse.htm (803 words)

	The Nokota Horse Conservancy - Donations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Conservancy's primary long term goal is to purchase land within North Dakota and form a sanctuary (see The Land Trust) where the horses are ensured a place to survive in a natural setting with minimal management.
		The Nokota Horse Conservancy has partnered with The Horses on the Prairie Camp, an educational opportunity, provided through United Tribes Technical College and funded in part by NASA, that offers children the opportunity to study Nokota horses and the prairie ecosystems of which the horses are an integral part.
		The Horses on the Prairie Camp, whether in the classroom or in the field, manages to combine culture with science in a way that makes them seem all the more significant, holistic, and interesting.
	www.nokotahorse.org /donations.html (425 words)

	American Indian Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Spanish government issued decrees forbidding Indians to own or ride horses, but as slaves, or as workers, on the Spanish Rancheros, Indians learned to handle horses...it is interesting to note that many Indians were terrified at their first sight of a horse.
		Originally these were Spanish horses or their descendants but over the years some have became a mix of numerous breeds.
		At first the large herds of wild horses did not pose a particular problem until the western United States became settled and cattle and other grazing animals were added to the native range.
	www.redoaktree.org /indianhorse/index.htm (425 words)

	Blog Archive » Indian Horse Culture
		The acquisition of the horse transformed Plains Indian culture.
		However that may be, it appears that few horses got into Indian hands before the revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico in 1680.
		With the decimation of the buffalo herds, military defeat and white settlement, the picturesque culture of these proud, nomadic hunter/warriors was shattered and is only a memory today.
	www.everythingequus.com /blog/?p=48 (811 words)

	Crow Horse Culture
		It wouldn’t have mattered in any case, for “getting” horses —not stealing them, mind you—was one of the four obligatory honors, or araxtsi', to be attained by any Plains Indian man aspiring to chieftainship.
		Moreover, horses were the coin of the realm—“dollars” to the Crows, as to most other Plains Indians.
		Lewis and Clark had observed that the Mandans and Hidatsas put their best horses in their earthen lodges at night, perhaps partly against the prowess and determination of Assiniboine, Arikara and Sioux araxtsi'wice.
	www.lewis-clark.org /content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=1015 (580 words)

	Horse at show had rabies - Culture - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Tennessee's Department of Health has alerted about 4,200 people who attended a horse show several weeks ago that one of the animals tested positive for rabies, but an official said it is unlikely that the disease spread during the show.
		The letters say a horse from Missouri became ill during the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration held in Shelbyville from Aug. 23 to Sept. 2, and could have spread the disease to people or other horses.
		The horse's owners first noticed the animal was ill on Aug. 28 while at the show south of Nashville.
	washingtontimes.com /culture/20060913-112357-4124r.htm (272 words)

	HorseCulture
		Art Aguirre had an idea, his vision was to give the "People of the Horse" exactly what they need.
		There is a special emphasis on the fashions of the current Western horse culture of California and the American West.
		HorseCulture products are for horse people and for the horses who own them.
	www.horseculture.com (154 words)

	Press Room :: American Morgan Horse Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		AACHEN, GERMANY — Morgan horse Santa Fe Renegade and his trainer, Eitan Beth-Halachmy, are set to dazzle an international crowd on Sunday, September 3 when they take center stage during the Closing Ceremonies of the 2006 World Equestrian Games in Aachen, Germany.
		California resident Beth-Halachmy is considered one of the elite Cowboy Dressage performers and one of its founding fathers, making him a great representative of the American horse culture.
		AMHA is a non-profit organization serving more than 50,000 Morgan horse owners, breeders, exhibitors, and enthusiasts throughout the United States as well as 90 Morgan horse organizations.
	www.morganhorse.com /news/press/weg2.php (491 words)

	Videos Natural Horse Ordering
		Learn about horse culture, behavioral dynamics and understand the most important factors in a horse's life.
		Whether you are looking for a solution to a horse problem, want to avoid a horse problem, or simply want to learn about effectively communicating with your horse, this set of videos is invaluable.
		Ellen's teachings are not about correcting the horse as much as they are about helping the horse understand.
	www.naturalhorse.com /ordering/videos.php (479 words)

	Equestrian Culture and Horse Racing in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Horse racing (kurabeuma) began in Japan during the 6th century AD, when riders competed against each other at religious ceremonies or festivals.
		Today, horse racing in Japan is considered a wholesome leisure activity for the whole family.
		The proceeds from horse racing contributes greatly to both the improvement of native livestock and also the betterment of social welfare.
	www.imh.org /imh/jp/jp1.html (274 words)

	Flowerhill Equestrian - Experience the Irish horse through riding in Ireland
		A culture is formed not just by its people, but its landscape and the Irish landscape has created its own unique horse culture.
		Irish pub culture is a way of life in itself.
		The Irish are known the world over for their fondness for the craic and this is usually accompanied by a few pints.
	www.flowerhill.net /Overview-Culture.htm (245 words)

	[No title]
		In the Americas there were also powerful warriors whose knowledge of the bow and of the horse was unsurpassed.
		And elsewhere – Japan, Persia, India – bow culture, horse culture was highly developed.
		If we can get our people back up on horses, at least vicariously through reading, learning about the world’s rich history of culture and art will also be enhanced.
	www.krackow.com /horsearchery.html (519 words)

	EastSouthWestNorth: Horse Fart Culture In China
		At one time, China was among the world leaders in the practice of the Cult of the Personality, and that is the essence of horse fart culture.
		So the first point about this is that "horse fart" culture is universal -- it will emerge whether the country is a full-blown democracy or a totalitarian regime.
		And the media culture is the basis of the 'horse fart' culture!
	www.zonaeuropa.com /20050914_1.htm (987 words)

	Horse Riding in Brazil, France, Italy, India, Sweden, Uruguay
		World Horse Riding has been working within the guidelines of ecotourism since many years, and Anna works personally as an ecotourism consultant with several local operators and organisations.
		World Horse Riding cooperates with a dozen freelance guides, all local people, to make sure the connection to the land we are visiting is always there.
		World Horse Riding always makes sure the local population gets its fair share of the revenues of the travelling groups, and only travels to people and places that put nature conservation first.
	worldhorseriding.com /about_us.html (561 words)

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