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Topic: Horses as food

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	Hoof Food for horses
		In adult horses, biotin appears to be synthesised by microorganisms in the colon (Caroll et al., 1949).
		The dietary requirements for biotin in the horse are poorly defined, however responses have been reported in improving the hardness, growth rate and quality of the hooves and laminae strength, in conjunction with calcium, at the rate of 15mg per horse per day.
		Horses with these hoof conditions were reported to display marked improvement within 5 months of giving 15 mg/day to Thoroughbreds and twice this amount to draft horses (Comben et al., 1984, Wintzer, 1987).
	www.ranvet.com.au /hoof_food.htm (1688 words)

	Traveling with Horses
		Horses eating grain or pellets have limited lateral movement of the jaw compared to horses eating forage.
		To observe this, raise the horse's nose to eye level and open the lips; the lower incisors should be directly under the upper incisors.
		Horses with a mature mouth (over five years of age) should be examined at least every year.
	www.travelingwithhorses.com /saddle_sore_news/archive/Sept03/vetcheck.html (1198 words)

	horses
		Solomon’s "Stables of Megiddo" housed 450 horses and the chariots of the royal cavalry.
		Horses in Rome were bred chiefly for war, hunting and sport, seldom as draft animals, oxen drew the plow and the cart, mules bore burdens on their backs.
		All horses need salt, especially in hot weather as in sweating the horse loses a lot of the body salt, which must be replaced otherwise heat exhaustion.
	latter-rain.com /ltrain/horses.htm (390 words)

	Water Needs of Horses (H-7 0692 CM) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Horses should have free access to clean, cool water except when they are hot after exercise or extremely thirsty.
		A hot or thirsty horse should be "watered out" by allowing it four or five swallows of water, then walking it for 10 minutes and allowing it to drink a few more swallows.
		The horse’s water supply should be checked daily to ensure that adequate amounts of water are available and that the water is clean and safe to drink.
	www.aces.edu /drought/NewsRel/WtrNds-Horses.htm (222 words)

	Regulatory Issues
		Trucks used to transport horses to processing facilities must allow for the segregation of stallions and aggressive horses from others, provide enough room for the well-being of the horses during transport and be equipped with doors and ramps that allow safe loading and unloading.
		The new rules prohibit the transport of horses that cannot bear weight on all four legs, walk unassisted, horses that are under six months, horses that are severely sick or injured, or blind in both eyes.
		The horse industry worked very hard to pass the legislation giving the USDA the authority to regulate the transport of horses to slaughter.
	www.horsecouncil.org /Transport.htm (985 words)

	Provision Targets Wild Horses For Food Slaughter
		The horse meat would go primarily to restaurants and butchers in countries such as France, Belgium, Italy and Japan, where horse meat is a prized delicacy.
		A last-minute rider to the Horse Protection Act was slipped into the bill in what is recognized as a desperate attempt to weaken current law and the growing equine anti-slaughter movement.
		Burns supports his rider by noting the number of horses on the range needs to be brought down to manageable levels, something animal-protection advocates, environmentalists and the Bureau of Land Management have wrestled with for years.
	www.rense.com /general60/prov.htm (2725 words)

	When horses are pigs
		Horses that have been choked for long periods of time become dehydrated, and the excessive saliva loss robs their bodies of significant amounts of electrolytes, worsening the situation.
		Horses should be fed individually or in a situation that does not promote bolting--some horses may gobble food very quickly to avoid being pushed away by more dominant stablemates.
		Sometimes horses choke because the esophagus is constricted by a tumor, scar tissue or an abnormal out-pouching of the tube itself.
	www.horses-and-horse-information.com /articles/1002horsepig.shtml (1090 words)

	Feeding Horses
		A typical diet for a horse being ridden for one hour five days a week would be 2 to 5 pounds of grain and 15 to 20 pounds of hay a day, split into at least two separate meals.
		Your horse's weight should remain stable regardless of how much work he is doing or how cold the weather is. As a responsible owner, it's up to you to adjust the amount you're feeding accordingly.
		If your horse is not doing well even though you are feeding him enough, the problem might be teeth or worms or your horse might be sick.
	www.acreageequines.com /HorseCare/horsecare1.htm (1502 words)

	Teagasc - Agri-Food - Horses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sport horses are horses used for competitions like show jumping and events, for shows and for leisure such as trail riding or trekking.
		Potentially the market for sport horses is world wide with sport horses being exported to places as far away as Australia and California.
		The market opportunities for our top competition horses is not a problem, Ireland has been the leading breeding nation for the event horse for the past six years.
	www.teagasc.ie /agrifood/horses.htm (590 words)

	Printer friendly version
		She said horses are often grouped together in a small trailer without food or water for 24 hours or more.
		The video showed horses attacking each other in trailers to the point of death, and horses that resisted slaughter and ended up having their throats cut while still conscious.
		"Horses are not meant to be eaten or treated that way," said Abby Sabatini, who attended the party with her twin sister, Jenny.
	www.tucsoncitizen.com /print/local/091905a4_savehorses (340 words)

	Accidental Hedonist - The Taboo of Horses for Food
		In Britain, not only is it illegal to slaughter horses for food, but it's illegal to export them to other countries (most notably France and Belgium) in order to be slaughtered.
		Horse meat are is regularly for sale in grocery stores here in Italy and at butchers that specialize in horse meat.
		But I think that the commenter who said that taboos on eating horses came about because it was as dumb to eat your horse as it was to eat your seed crops has the -actual- seed of the cultural reason right there.
	www.accidentalhedonist.com /index.php/2006/04/05/the_taboo_of_horses_for_food (1733 words)

	American Journalism Review
		In 2000, the food magazine Saveur won the National Magazine Award for general excellence, and in 2003 it was a finalist for the award.
		The transformation of food journalism from "five things to do with cream of mushroom soup" to the subject of an entire issue of The New Yorker, longtime food writers say, has a lot to do with changing attitudes about food across the country.
		Andrews, who has written about food since the 1970s, agrees that food journalism is becoming more sophisticated, not necessarily in terms of the prose but rather in the depth of knowledge writers are bringing to stories.
	www.ajr.org /Article.asp?id=3545 (2585 words)

	Food for Horses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Performance horses are exposed to a variety of stress factors including stabling, travelling, hard training and high grain/low roughage diets which can lead to a loss of appetite, body condition and athletic performance.
		There are also times during a horse's athletic career where a short term "blood booster" may be necessary for extra energy, stamina and endurance.
		Horses, being the athletes that they are, are bound at some stage in their lives to over exert themselves and suffer from a strain, sprain or general injury.
	www.levertonco.co.uk /newproducts/new_prods.htm (620 words)

	Accidental Hedonist - The Taboo of Horses for Food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		But the Department of Agriculture, lobbied by the owners of the plants and their allies in Congress and in the horse and cattle industries, issued new rules last month allowing the plants to keep operating by paying the $350,000 annual cost of the inspections.
		As long as the product is safe, the horses acquired legally, that the horses were killed in a sensible and quick manner, and that the horses aren't under threat of extinction, it's difficult to come up with a reason to not allow it.
		I do find it ironic that two of the slaughterhouses for horses are found in Texas, a state where I am lead to believe that eating horse meat is illegal.
	www.accidentalhedonist.com /print.php?p=1443 (365 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Serologic Prevalence of Toxoplamsa Gondii in Horses Slaughtered for Food in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Ingestion of infected meat and ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts are the 2 major modes of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans.
		Among the major food animals, viable T. gondii has been found in pork, mutton, chickens, and horse meat in the U.S. Little is known of the prevalence of T. gondii in horses.
		Antibodies to T. gondii were found by the MAT in 124 (6.9%) of 1788 sera; the titers were 1:20 (69 horses), 1:40 (37 horses), 1:80 (9 horses), and ò1:160 (9 horses).
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=102468 (302 words)

	Friends of Animals \| Unwanted Horses: The Limits of Protection
		Horses that reach the end of that line were purchased by “killer buyers” who collect horses from auctions, private dealers, and various horse markets across the country.12 They’re the leftovers of an industry the bred them in the first place.13 Some were once the offspring of successful racers.
		Humans have domesticated horses to be used for work and recreation, and the United States has famously developed and prospered as a nation by exploiting horses in industry and wars.
		Horses slaughtered in North America are, and will continue to be, sold for consumption abroad as long as there is a demand for their meat.
	www.friendsofanimals.org /actionline/summer-2005/unwanted-horses.html (1545 words)

	N*ZYmes for Horses dog food, cat food, dog products
		Long overdue, this is the ultimate nutritional supplement for horses with the delectable taste of fresh apples.
		Depending on the soil where the feed is grown, it may lack vital minerals; you could be feeding a diet of inferior bulk without the enzymes, antioxidants, plant vitamins and other nutrients horses must have.
		Horses need trace minerals and vitamin co-factors to assist in constant detoxification, a process that aids the liver and kidneys.
	www.1doctorschoice.com /Page.html (319 words)

	The Scotsman - International - Bo Derek calls for end to killing horses for food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		While the practice of slaughtering US horses for food has declined in recent years, nearly 50,000 horses were killed last year in the country for foreign consumption.
		Opponents to a federal ban on the export trade in horse meat say such a measure could lead to breeders being left with thousands of unwanted, worthless animals and could even lead to mistreatment or abuse.
		Derek, 47, who has written a book about her horse hobby, was unfazed when she was introduced as "Bo Dietrich", an apparent mixing of her name with that of the early German screen super star, Marlene Dietrich.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /international.cfm?id=312372004 (468 words)

	House Amendment May Signal End of Horse Slaughter for Human Consumption
		Under federal law, horses are required to be rendered unconscious prior to slaughter, usually with a device called a captive bolt gun, which shoots a metal rod into the horse's brain.
		Some horses, however, are improperly stunned and may still be conscious when they are hoisted by a rear leg to have their throats cut.
		That decision came too late for 41 wild horses sent to slaughter in April, but was pivotal in solidifying Congressional opposition to killing animals that best symbolize the American West.
	www.hsus.org /pets/pets_related_news_and_events/sweeney-spratt_horse_slaughter.html (1213 words)

	Food Standards Agency - Animal feed legislation and guidance
		In the main, the legislation on the composition and marketing of animal feed (which covers feed for farmed livestock as well as horses, pet food and farmed fish) is derived from EU measures.
		EC Regulation 882/2004 on official food and feed controls, which consolidates existing enforcement and inspection measures, lays down the principles and powers for carrying out these controls, and specifies the action to be taken both to check businesses’ compliance with the rules and when breaches are found.
		Through its Food and Veterinary Office, the European Commission carries out inspections in Member States to ensure that legislation is being correctly enforced.
	www.food.gov.uk /foodindustry/farmingfood/animalfeed/animalfeedlegislation (655 words)

	All About Horses - Eating Green.
		Bucolic images of horses feeding on verdant pastures are fading from sight in North America’s equine industry.
		Today,many horses spend much of their time confined to stalls,where they receive specialized feeds.
		People feed their horses every day, but we know so little about how nutrients are used at the cellular level.” In athletes — humans and horses alike — glucose provides fuel for the body (surplus is stored in the muscles as glycogen).
	www.allabouthorses.com /site/health_articles/eatinggreen.html (432 words)

	Horse Slaughter Polls - Save the Horses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Only 3% of the voters say that horses are a food animal to be used for meat like pigs, cattle and sheep, with an additional 23% saying they are farm animals.
		Horses should be afforded the same protection against slaughter as dogs and cats.
		Horses should be humanely put to sleep, not bludgeoned.
	www.savethehorses.com /polls.html (753 words)

	MyWestTexas.com - Letters to the Editor for August 3
		The vast majority of horses slaughtered are not old, sick or lame, but in reality are young, healthy horses bought by "killer buyers" who attend horse auctions where they compete with people looking to buy good, sound horses for work, recreation or to enjoy as an animal companion.
		Horses are sensitive, affectionate, human-loving creatures who work and run their hearts out to please us.
		To spend the final days of their lives crammed into cattle trailers, denied food or water for days, put through hours of fear and panic and then whipped and prodded into a kill shoot to be slaughtered is truly unconscionable.
	www.mywesttexas.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=9941092&BRD=2288&PAG=461&dept_id=475590&rfi=6 (2619 words)

	Docket No. 05-036IF - Ante-Mortem Inspection of Horses
		Therefore, according to section 798 of the FY 2006 Appropriations Act, horses slaughtered for use as human food in commerce are an ``amenable species'' and continue to be subject to applicable provisions of the FMIA.
		Petition on Voluntary Ante-Mortem Inspection of Horses On November 23, 2005, the USDA received a petition on behalf of the three official establishments that slaughter horses in the United States requesting that FSIS promulgate an interim final rule to provide for voluntary, fee-for-service ante-mortem inspection of horses under the AMA.
		Nevertheless, horses slaughtered for human food continue to be subject to all requirements of the FMIA, including the requirements for ante-mortem inspection, post-mortem inspection, and other inspection activities.
	www.fsis.usda.gov /OPPDE/rdad/FRPubs/05-036IF.htm (3628 words)

	California Online Voter Guide -- 1998 General Election
		In California it is legal to kill horses to be used as food for humans and for use in pet food.
		Also, horses can be sent from California to other states to be killed for use as human food.
		Also, horses could not be sent out of California to other states to be killed for this use.
	www.calvoter.org /voter/elections/archive/98general/measures/prop06.html (374 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Hampshire \| Horses 'like spicy food and oats'
		Horses are partial to spicy food along with their more usual diet, researchers have discovered.
		Fenugreek, found in curry powder, proved to be a big favourite with horses when University Of Southampton scientists tested their responses.
		An earlier trial showed that horses which were given a choice of feeds displayed fewer behaviour problems and did not eat their straw beds - a practice that can cause colic and other problems.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/1/hi/england/hampshire/4493982.stm (194 words)

	The Dunlap Horses
		It was announced Thursday, Jan. 27, 2005, that due to the publicity surrounding this matter, a Chicago firefighter, who had recently had six of his 17 horses confiscated and one euthanized by the Illinois Department of Agriculture, was arrested by the Cook County Sheriff’s Department on two outstanding warrants.
		The seven horses, three yearlings and four mares, have been moved to the Center, are being reintroduced to good feed, have been seen and treated by a veterinarian, and vaccinated.
		The next surprise came as all the other horses were slimming down while losing their parasite load, she didn't.
	www.lazymapleequine.org /subpage4.html (871 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- House votes to end slaughter of horses for food
		WASHINGTON – The House voted Wednesday to stop the slaughter of American horses to feed diners in European and Asian nations where the meat is considered gourmet fare.
		Roughly 65,000 wild horses, race horses, work horses and even pet horses are slaughtered every year in the United States to become steaks in other countries.
		The issue came under renewed scrutiny in April after 41 wild horses were killed under a new law allowing the government to sell horses and burros roaming free on public lands in western states.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20050608-1608-nv-horseslaughter.html (442 words)

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