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	National Trust \| Woodchester Park \| Wildlife \| Bats
		The Greater Horseshoe bat is one of the rarest bats in Britain.
		Woodchester Mansion is home to the horseshoe bat's summer maternity roost, and it is the only breeding colony of the Greater Horseshoe bats east of the Severn.
		The Greater Horseshoe bat is the largest and the longest living bat in Britain.
	www.nationaltrust.org.uk /main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-woodchesterpark/w-woodchester-wildlife/w-woodchester-wildlife-bats.htm (632 words)

	! Rainforest Bats ! Tropical Rainforest, Far North Queensland Australia
		These bats tend to be much smaller, sometimes tiny, have tails (with the flying membrane stretching between the legs and tail), use echolocation, are broadly insectivorous and have only 1 claw on the forelimbs (Robson 2002).
		When a bat rests, it hangs from the claws of one or both its forefeet and the arrangement of ligaments in the foot are such that no muscular effort is required.
		Bats are second only in number to the rodents: about 40 percent of living mammal species are rodents, and about 20 percent are bats.
	rainforest-australia.com /bats.htm (1652 words)

	Lesser Horseshoe bat: Warks Batgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Lesser Horseshoe bat is rare in the British Isles and is confined mainly to Wales, western England and western Ireland.
		Horseshoe bats rely on the apparent change in frequency caused by the relative movement of a sound source and receiver.
		Lesser Horseshoe bats were originally cave dwellers but summer colonies are now usually found in the roofs of larger rural houses and stable blocks offering a range of roof spaces and a nearby cellar, cave or tunnel where the bats can go torpid in inclement weather.
	www.jwaller.co.uk /batgroup/lesser_horseshoe.asp (1013 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Lesser horseshoe bat
		Horseshoe bats have a fleshy structure called a nose-leaf surrounding the nose, which amplifies the ultrasonic calls that the bat emits when searching for food.
		Lesser horseshoe bats are very similar in appearance to greater horseshoes, but they are smaller, and the fur is relatively longer and does not have a red hue.
		Lesser horseshoe bats hibernate in caves, tunnels and cellars from September to April.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/285.shtml (393 words)

	Horseshoe bat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Horseshoe bats (family Rhinolophidae) are a large family of bats including approximately 130 species grouped in 10 genera.
		There is little question that these two groups of bats are closely related, but current practise is to classify them as subfamilies (Hipposiderinae and Rhinolophinae) in a single family.
		Like many Vespertilionidae bats, females of some rhinolophid species mate during the fall and store the sperm over the winter, conceiving and gestating young beginning in the spring.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Horseshoe_bat (252 words)

	Greater Horseshoe Bat Drawing, (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) Art, Prints, Cards - Susan Shimeld, Larmer Tree Studio
		Bats are intriguing little creatures and are a delight to watch as they swoop, twist and turn in pursuit of gnats, moths and other insects.
		The greater horseshoe, is one of the larger bats and can be distinguished by the presence of a complex horseshoe-shaped noseleaf which is related to their particular type of echolocation system.
		A female greater horseshoe bat is not sexually mature until 3-4 years of age and the male at 2-3 years of age.
	www.natureinart.com /bat.htm (778 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Greater horseshoe bat
		Horseshoe bats have a horseshoe-shaped fleshy structure called a nose-leaf surrounding the nose, which amplifies the ultrasonic calls that the bat emits when searching for food.
		Horseshoe bats have light brown/grey fur, with a reddish tinge.
		Greater horseshoe bats hibernate from October to May, usually in large colonies in caves or crevices.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/284.shtml (330 words)

	Lesser Horseshoe Bat
		The lesser horseshoe bat is an endangered species, and it is seen very rarely in Wales.
		Despite its small size, the lesser horseshoe bat preys on relatively large insects: moths, craneflies and sedge flies.
		Lesser horseshoe bats hibernate, sometimes in large groups, from October until late April or early May. Their winter roosts are most often in caves or tunnels.
	first-nature.com /bats/rhinolophus_hipposideros.htm (209 words)

	Batlab Publications [SoBS - UoB]
		Bat activity and species richness on organic and conventional farms: impact of agricultural intensification.
		Energetics of biosonar vocalization in stationary insectivorous bats.
		The causes and consequences of genetic structure in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum).
	www.bio.bris.ac.uk /research/bats/publ.htm (4917 words)

	Greater Horseshoe Bat
		Horseshoe bats hang freely from the roof with males found either singly or in dense groups of up to 300 individuals with immature adults (Ransome, 1991a).
		Greater horseshoe bats' median emergence is 25 minutes after sunset (Jones and Rydell, 1994) and they return to the roost 5-30 minutes before sunrise (Duvergé and Jones, 1994).
		Greater horseshoe bats may also be at risk from chemicals used on nearby vegetation, if they either come into contact with that vegetation or consume insects that have been sprayed or eaten sprayed food.
	www.bio.bris.ac.uk /research/bats/britishbats/batpages/greaterhorseshoe.htm (1552 words)

	Greater Horseshoe bat: Warks Batgroup
		The Horseshoe bats can be distinguished from other British bats by the presence of a complex horseshoe-shaped noseleaf, which is related to their particular type of echolocation system.
		Females Greater Horseshoe bats are not usually sexually mature until their third year and one female did not breed until her tenth year.
		Greater Horseshoe bats were originally cave dwellers but few now use caves in summer as they are now too few bats of this species to generate the amount of body heat to successfully raise their young.
	www.jwaller.co.uk /batgroup/greater_horseshoe.asp (1419 words)

	Greater Horseshoe Bat
		This is a large bat, with head-and-body length 60 to 70mm and weighing between 15 and 34 gm; specimens have been known to live for 30 years.
		You may see greater horseshoe bats in South Wales, but they are not at all common - in fact experts believe that numbers of this species in the British Isles declined by about 90% during the twentieth century.
		Greater horseshoe bats generally produce a single offspring, which begins catching insects after about five weeks and is fully weaned by the age of seven weeks.
	www.first-nature.com /bats/rhinolophus_ferrumequinum.htm (291 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Greater Horseshoe Bat
		Bats make a series of short, high-frequency sounds while flying, using the echoes to locate the direction and distance of prey.
		The horseshoe bat received its name from its unique nose leaf, which covers its upper lip and nostrils in a horseshoelike shape.
		Some scientists believe such bats may use their nose leaf to direct sound at their targets.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461539104_761561349_-1_1/Greater_Horseshoe_Bat.html (92 words)

	Alley-Crosby, Mary Louise. 1996. Bat Workers of the British Isles: A Report from Wales . BATS. Vol 14, No 1:3-7.
		Bat boxes are especially valuable in the crowded non-native conifer plantations that have insect populations but lack natural roost sites for bats.
		Bat groups and the BCT have responded to this growing need for assessment with the introduction of bat detector workshops throughout the U.K. One such workshop was organized by the Clwyd Bat Group in July of 1995.
		Bat group members and wildlife trust interns from Wales, northwest England, and London gathered at a youth hostel in northeast Wales for two nights of surveying and two afternoons of instruction by BCT scientific officer Colin Catto and Aly Hooijenga, the Gwynedd Bat Group secretary.
	www.batcon.org /batsmag/v14n1-2.html (2049 words)

	Horseshoe bat research and conservation
		Guido Reiter, Ulrich Hüttmeir & Maria Jerabek: Maternity roost counts of lesser horseshoe bats in Austria: The preliminary results of standardised maternity roost counts in the Austrian provinces Carinthia and Salzburg indicate an increase of the population from 1998 to 2002.
		Foraging was restricted to blocks of broadleaf and conifer woodland and one bat was observed foraging in the crown of an oak tree in spring.
		The bat was roosting in a mine which is also used by up to 28 lesser horseshoe bats and lies in a woodland at the northern end of the Conwy Valley.
	www.swild.ch /Rhinolophus (1488 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - horseshoe bat
		Horseshoe, U-shaped plate nailed to the rim of a horse's hoof to protect it.
		Horseshoes are replaced about every six weeks on riding horses and more...
		Bats have modified hands and arms that serve as wings capable of sustained flight.
	encarta.msn.com /horseshoe_bat.html (116 words)

	Digimorph - Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon (Greater Horseshoe Bat)
		Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, the greater horseshoe bat, has one of the largest geographic distributions of any bat, ranging from Europe and northern Africa in the east to China, Korea, and Japan in the west.
		These bats simultaneously emit long, constant frequency calls and listen to returning echoes, and analyze the resulting auditory data to build a complex, dynamic auditory map of their environment.
		The entire specimen was scanned by Matthew Colbert on 13 December 2001 along the coronal axis for a total of 741 slices, each slice 0.097 mm thick, with an interslice spacing of 0.097 mm.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Rhinolophus_ferrumequinum/whole (330 words)

	Lesser Horseshoe Bat
		McAney (1994) suggests that the decline in Ireland 's populations of lesser horseshoe bats may be due to the loss of roost sites as well as the loss of foraging habitat and a series of cold winters.
		The echolocation call of lesser horseshoe bats is constant frequency with a frequency modulated component at the start and end.
		Warren and Witter (2002) suggest that the number of lesser horseshoe bats in Wales might be increased by protecting potential roost sites, such as old buildings, and protecting and improving hibernacula and foraging habitats.
	www.bio.bris.ac.uk /research/bats/britishbats/batpages/lesserhorseshoe.htm (898 words)

	Batscapes - For People and Bats
		The time of year when most bats are likely to be in our roofspaces is in the summer, when female bats gather together in what are termed maternity roosts, to give birth to and raise their single baby.
		Horseshoe bats can be easily distinguished from other British bats by their distinctive horseshoe-shaped nose leaf and habit of hanging freely from ceilings with their wings wrapped partially around their body.
		Bat boxes are used by several species of bats for roosting in and can be placed either in trees or on walls.
	www.batscapes.org.uk /ppl_and_bats.htm (2071 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The base of the bat population in arid landscapes is formed by Kuhl's pipistrelle (plains) and common pipistrelle (foothills and mountains).
		Almost all of them were met seldom and in small number, except Mehely's horseshoe bat, Geoffroy's bat, and noctule, formed sometimes the summer colonies from 30 (noctule) to 1200 individuals.
		Findings of these bats are rare and their number is small (except the first species, for which only Azykh-Kilit colony, included about 8-10 thousand individuals).
	azerimammals.aznet.org /azerimammals/Bats.htm (336 words)

	Radio tracking the Lesser horseshoe bat in Dromore, Co. Clare
		The bat that was to be tagged had to meet certain criteria so it was imperative that we caught at least a dozen bats to get two for tagging.
		Preferably the bat should be a female for consistency and because it was a maternity colony.
		The lesser horseshoe bats usually rested in a building, particularly Dromore Castle, or a tree between foraging and when they took a break so did we and let me tell you, after three hours of walking after a bat, Taxi bars and coffee in the front of the car was absolute heaven!
	www.iol.ie /~corkbatgroup/radiotrack.htm (1077 words)

	Horseshoe bat -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		They emit (Determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it) echolocation calls through these structures, which may serve to focus the sound.
		Members of northern populations may (Click link for more info and facts about hibernate) hibernate during the winter; at least one species is (Click link for more info and facts about migratory) migratory.
		Like many (The majority of common bats of temperate regions of the world) Vespertilionidae bats, females of some rhinolophid species mate during the fall and store the (The male reproductive cell; the male gamete) sperm over the winter, conceiving and (Click link for more info and facts about gestating) gestating young beginning in the spring.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ho/horseshoe_bat.htm (393 words)

	! Long-eared Horseshoe Bat ! Tropical Rainforest, Far North Queensland Australia
		This small bat weighs only10-12g, has a head and body length of 62-65mm, tail length of 33-35mm and forearm length of 50-53mm.
		They have been described as the wildest looking bats that ever haunted a cave, and are certainly very unusual with their horseshoe-shaped nose-leaf topped off with a prominent projection.
		This is an advantage as if the bat is flying through dense vegetation and eating a moth at the same time, it is still able to make its call.
	rainforest-australia.com /Horseshoe_Bat.htm (445 words)

	Animal Info - Telefomin Roundleaf Bat
		The Telefomin roundleaf bat is a brown, long-haired, medium-sized species of its type, with a long forearm and short tail.
		The Telefomin roundleaf bat is exclusively a cave-dweller, roosting deep in limestone caves, and it is insectivorous.
		The name "horseshoe" bat comes from the fact that the lower part of the nose-leaf, which covers the upper lip and around the nostrils, is horseshoe-shaped in these bats.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/bat/hippcory.htm (461 words)

	Australian Bat TP Roll Craft
		Bats account for a third of the continent's native mammal species.
		The Greater Wart-nosed Horseshoe-bat and the Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat are endangered species.
		Materials you will need for the bat are a tp roll, printer, glue, scissors, something to colour with and a piece of paper (I prefer construction paper).
	www.dltk-kids.com /animals/maustralia_bat.htm (290 words)

	English Nature - Species Recovery Programme - Greater Horseshoe Bat - Text
		The greater horseshoe bat is one of Britain's rarest bats, with a total population pf perhaps only 4,000 individuals.
		The English Nature Greater Horseshoe Bat Project was initiated in 1998 to pilot the implementation of the recommendations of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP), as a part of the English Nature Species Recovery Programme.
		The UK BAP identifies the greater horseshoe bat as a priority species and sets objectives and targets to maintain all existing maternity roosts and hibernation sites, and to increase the population by 25% by 2010.
	www.english-nature.org.uk /text_version/science/srp/greater_horseshoe_bat.asp (906 words)

	Mammals of Southeast Asia : Blyth's (Glossy) Horseshoe Bat - Rhinolophus lepidus
		Blyth's Horseshoe Bat, or Glossy Horseshoe Bat, roosts in caves and houses near forest.
		The noseleaf is elaborate and comprises a typically shaped anterior horseshoe structure, a pointed bifurcated stella, and a high, pointed lancet.
		Formerly Rhinolophus refulgens (Glossy Horseshoe Bat), was considered a separate species to Rhinolophus lepidus (Blyth's Horseshoe Bat), the latter ranging from the Indian Subcontinent and Burma to southern China and northern Thailand.
	www.ecologyasia.com /verts/mammals/blyths-glossy-horseshoe_bat.htm (182 words)

	Bats - Eastern Horseshoe Bat
		In warm, humid caves, holes and cracks in rocks, old mines and tunnels and occasionally under buildings.
		Up to 50 bats roost together in a colony, hanging free from the ceiling.
		They hunt flying and non-flying insects and spiders.
	www.austmus.gov.au /bats/records/bat15.htm (126 words)

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