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	JewishEncyclopedia.com - HOST, DESECRATION OF: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jews were frequently accused of desecrating the host, an accusation equal in gravity to that of desecrating relics and images of Jesus and the saints.
		The Jews were alleged to steal the host or to acquire it by purchase or bribery, to break it or seethe it, and to stick needles into it or transfix it, whereupon it began to bleed.
		Centenaries or jubilees were held in commemoration of such events, as, for instance, the quadricentennial jubilee in 1799 in commemoration of the desecration of the host in Posen.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=938&letter=H (771 words)

	Host desecration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Accusations of host desecration leveled against the Jews were a common pretext for massacres and expulsions throughout the Middle Ages in Europe.
		Accusations of host desecration first arose in the middle of the thirteenth century, after the Fourth Lateran Council's definition of the doctrine of transubstantiation (1215) led to an increased adoration of the consecrated host.
		Woodcut depicting the accusation of host desecration in Passau, 1477.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Host_desecration (1121 words)

	Blood Libel, Host Desecration and other Myths
		The host is a wafer used during the Roman Catholic mass.
		Sometimes, they were accused of nailing the host, in a symbolic replay of the crucifixion.
		This established the theological basis for the host desecration myth.
	www.religioustolerance.org /jud_blib2.htm (2170 words)

	Desecration of the Host definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		Desecration of the Host - Anti-Semitic claim of medieval Christians that Jews would steal consecrated host wafers and desecrate them by stabbing them to make them bleed.
		It was thus believed that Jews would steal and desecrate these wafers to reenact the crucifixion of Christ.
		In numerous cases Jews were executed in horrible ways for this imaginary "crime." In the 19th century it was shown that the red color often found on the wafers was due to a fungus.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Desecration_of_the_host.htm (478 words)

	Reviews in History: Gentile Tales: The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews
		In one scene, a Jewish family stands transfixed as a Christian mob batters down the door to their house, alerted to a host desecration by the miraculous flow of blood through the walls of the house.
		Gavin Langmuir has already posited that the host desecration myth grew out of Christian insecurities surrounding the elaboration of the Christian doctrine of transubstantiation, whereby the body and blood of Christ is truly, physically present in the guise of the consecrated sacramental bread and wine.
		The first fully documented version of a host desecration was the case of Paris in 1290.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/klier.html (1415 words)

	Host desecration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		'''Host desecration''' is an anti-semitic myth similar to the blood libel myth.
		According to the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, a consecrated Host wafer becomes the flesh of Jesus, so it was believed that Jews would steal and torture these wafers to reenact the crucifixion of Christ.
		Host desecration forms part of myths about devil worship, particularly the fl mass, both in medieval times and later in allegations of satanic ritual abuse.
	host-desecration.setcom.sk (330 words)

	Desecration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character.
		Desecration generally may be considered from the perspective of a particular religion or spiritual activity.
		Desecration may be applied to natural systems or components particularly if those systems are part of naturalistic spiritual religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Desecration (105 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a letter to Nibridius, Bishop of Narbonne, Agobard begs him to work for the separation of Jews and Christians as he himself is doing, enjoining upon the Christians to flee from the society of the Jews at Lyons and in some of the neighboring towns.
		Because the Jews boast of being of the race of the Patriarchs, the nation of the righteous, the children of the Prophets, the ignorant think that they are the only people of God and that the Jewish religion is better than their own ("Agobardi Opera," ed.
		But since the fable of the pierced host came into existence several centuries later, the story is open to doubt.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=288&letter=F&search=france (16044 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The sanctity of the Host (the wafer and wine distributed as part of the ceremony of the Eucharist during Mass) is based on the doctrine of transubstantiation.
		Therefore, an attack on the Host was considered a direct attack on the body of Jesus.
		Incidents of Host desecration accusations were as recent as 1836 (Romania).
	www.davidsconsultants.com /jewishhistory/history.php?anchor=1240host (154 words)

	EMW: Introduction - Stefan Zuchowski (1713)
		Such accusations against Jews of Host desecration emerged in the thirteenth century after the Catholic Church sanctioned the doctrine of transubstantiation in 1215.
		The first documented case of the accusations of host desecration against Jews in Poland took place in Sochaczew in 1556, and was also popularized in printed polemical works against Jews.
		The spread of the medieval accusations against Jews of desecrating the host in Poland are closely to the two early modern developments: the Reformation and the invention of the printing press.
	www.earlymodern.org /workshops/summer2004/presenters/teter/01/intro.php (741 words)

	Roth_letter_to_Walsh.htm
		What cannot, however, be passed over in silence is his resuscitation of, and implicit belief in, those revolting allegations which cost the Jews such untold misery in the Middle Ages, and which raise their head, sometimes with ghastly results, in the less civilized portions of the world even at the present time.
		One of these is the story of the ritual desecration of the Host.
		The part played in the whole story by the companion libel of the desecration of the Host is noteworthy.
	www.jrbooksonline.com /HTML-docs/Roth_letter_to_Walsh.htm (3921 words)

	Anti-Semitism in Church History
		The strange charges of ritual murder and host desecration were based on the alleged profanation of the consecrated communion wafer known as the Eucharist.
		It was said that such was the intensity of their hatred, that when the host shed blood, emitted voices or took to flight, the Jews were not deterred.
		[23] The accusation of Host Desecration was so prevalent, that in 1267 the Council of Vienna decreed that Jews must withdraw to their homes the instant they heard the bell ringing announcing that a host was being carried through the streets.
	www.endtimepilgrim.org /antisemchurch.htm (9130 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Asian News, Business and Economy.
		For the same reason that Christians used to riot over alleged desecration of the Host, the wafer that when consecrated becomes the body of Jesus Christ, according to Catholic belief.
		Medieval Jews, to be sure, were less likely to have tortured a consecrated Host than Marine guards were to have flushed a Koran down the toilet, and historians agree that the charge was a fabrication.
		Muslim violence over desecration of the Koran is not uncommon, as a matter of fact.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Front_Page/GF07Aa01.html (1369 words)

	Communion in the Hand is a Sacrilege
		Then, the priest washes his thumb and forefinger over the chalice with water and wine, and this water and wine is reverently consumed to insure that the smallest particle of the Sacred Host is not susceptible to desecration.
		The sacred particles of the Host fall to the ground, are stepped upon and desecrated.
		The pre-Vatican II rubrics for when a Host is dropped, like the rubrics of the Latin liturgy, safeguarded the reverence due to the Blessed Sacrament.
	www.cfnews.org /sacrilege.htm (1815 words)

	Sacrilege: Consecrated Host Sold on EBAY
		Fort Erie: Catholics throughout North America are stunned and outraged at the news that a consecrated Host from a 1998 Papal Mass in Rome was sold on EBAY.
		The Host was posted for sale on Saturday, April 9, with a minimum bid of $100.00.
		Along with the consecrated Host, the seller was offering a bulletin from the Mass, four stamps and a bottle opener the seller claimed was blessed by the Pope because the seller was holding it during the Mass.
	www.fatima.org /news/newsviews/pr041505.asp (856 words)

	Roots of the Holocaust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the Middle Ages the Jews were accused of the Blood-libel, which was the rumor that Jews were murdering Christian children in their acts of ritual worship or in preparation of the unleavened bread which they needed for their Passover Seder (Berenbaum 13).
		At the same time as the Blood-libel Hoax, the Desecration of the Host accusation was spreading.
		The host is the consecrated wafer which was believed to be the very body of Jesus.
	members.aol.com /james84254/SAAR_SHALOM_FILES/RootsOfHolocaust.html (2691 words)

	Catholic Community Forum Discussion Groups - Desecration of the Host (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Personally, I would welcome the introduction (re-introduction?) of the paten at our parish, as it is often tricky as a Eucharistic minister to give the Body to those who wish to receive it directly on their tongues, and once or twice it has almost fallen.
		I'm almost sure of it.” we can conclude that those who cause by their very actions; the Host to fall to the floor, be it the whole Host or just some microscopic particle, would be guilty of this offence in the eyes of Almighty God.
		Desecration, to me, would be someone receiving the Host without examining himself first and understanding what the Eucharists means to us.
	www.catholic-forum.com /forums/printthread.php?t=830&page=3&pp=25 (6299 words)

	host desecration
		Christian theology rooted in Roman Catholic theology was stimulated by the traditional reading of the New Testament, resulting in 'replacement theology' (or supersessionism), which taught that with the coming of Jesus a new covenant has rendered obsolete and has superseded the religion of Judaism.
		Anti-Zionism is a term that has been used to describe several very different political and religious points of view (both historically and in current debates) all expressing some form of opposition to Zionism.
		Main article: History of the Jews in the United States Jews were often condemned by populist politicians alternately for their left-wing politics, or their perceived wealth, at the turn of the century.
	www.experiencefestival.com /host_desecration/page/2 (951 words)

	Martyrdom in Jewish Traditions
		Jews were guilty—of killing Christian children, of desecrating hosts, of murdering God, of rejecting Christ—the linkages were made permanent in pictures, as well as explained in ephemeral sermons and disputations.
		Hosts thought to have been desecrated by Jews often attested “miracles,” and were subsequently enshrined as relics.
		Let therefore the sacrilegious tongues of the Jews be quiet, let the obstinate hearts of the unbelievers be softened, may the Christian religion rejoice and celebrate, to which is visibly revealed that which she faithfully professes and believes,” from http://www.cmns.mnegri.it/miracolo/narration.html on 12/8/03.
	www.bc.edu /research/cjl/meta-elements/texts/cjrelations/resources/articles/Lander_martyrdom (10724 words)

	Host Desecration Dissertation Help, Write a Dissertation on Host Desecration Thesis
		Since 1998, our Host Desecration experts have helped master, doctoral, and post-graduate students worldwide by providing the most comprehensive research service on the Internet for Host Desecration studies and coursework.
		Our Host Desecration researchers are highly-educated specialists with impeccable research and writing skills who have vast experience in preparing doctoral-level research materials.
		Host Desecrations Dissertation Copyright © 1999-2006 www.phd-dissertations.com All rights reserved.
	www.phd-dissertations.com /topic/host_desecration_dissertation_thesis.html (795 words)

	Catholic Community Forum Discussion Groups - Desecration of the Host (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Our priest distributes about 200 hosts at mass by himself and he walks the length of the communion rail while doing it because all of us are kneeling in adoration of our God.
		I confess that I have thrown away or caused to be thrown away approximately 60,000 consecrated hosts from 1980 to 1991 and that I caused many of these hosts to be repeatedly trampled underfoot or otherwise desecrated.
		I don't believe there is desecration of the host in the loss of particles that is bound to occurr by Jesus' meal at Jesus' table.
	www.catholic-forum.com /forums/printthread.php?t=830&page=3&pp=25 (7823 words)

	Bridges for Peace - Where Was Love & Mercy? The History of Christian Anti-Semitism - Part 2
		Transubstantiation is the doctrine that the flesh and blood of Christ becomes present in the consecrated host (bread) and wine.
		The “Host Desecration Libel” is that the Jewish people would try to steal a consecrated host and then stab, torment, and burn it in an effort to recrucify Christ.
		The host began to bleed, filled up the closet with blood, and drowned the boys!” This is a variation of the old blood libel charge, particularly since the culprit in the story is a Jew.
	www.bridgesforpeace.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2176 (4554 words)

	Year 1, No.11-12
		This "body of Christ" Jews stoned, beat, stabbed, crucified, etc., causing the tortured host to cry out and "bleed" (probably a scarlet microbe that forms on stale bread kept in dark, damp places); for such "miracles" many Jews were killed and Jewish communities expelled over what for them was only unleavened bread.
		One of the host desecration shrines was in the Bavarian village of Deggendorf (1338), the scene of an annual antisemitic festival until 1992, when the bishop of Regensburg extinguished it and erected a plaque correcting this falsified history.
		The cycle was one of massacre of Jews, fear of revenge for the massacres, and the consequent manufacture of new accusations, followed by renewed massacres, the most harrowing examples occurring during the Black Plague of 1348-49 and after.
	www.chgs.umn.edu /Educational_Resources/Newsletter/The_Genocide_Forum/Yr_1/Year_1__No_11-12/year_1__no_11-12.html (2361 words)

	Think Progress » Sen. Bill Frist on Gay Marriage and Flag Burning, America’s Most Pressing Priorities
		Right now, Cuba, China, and Iran are the only other countries to ban flag desecration and the issue doesn’t even show up on recent polls as an important priority for the American public.
		On gay marriage, only 40 percent of the American public ranked it as an extremely or very important issue in a Feb. poll, behind eight other issues, including terrorism (89 percent), the war in Iraq (89 precent), the economy (88 percent), and health care costs (88 percent).
		You were writing as if I had argued for banning desecrating the flag, when in fact, I had proposed exactly the opposite.
	thinkprogress.org /2006/05/28/frist-marriage (15860 words)

	Untitled Document
		Host desecration charges were leveled against both Jews and Protestants.
		the transubstantiated wafer or Host, and the bleeding of this martyred or crucified miniature matzo by the Jews.
		Actually the real host is the person who gives hospitality to his guest, providing him with food and shelter and, according to archaic traditions, with a female companion for the night, the Hostia.
	www.e-rappaport.com /C6.htm (9116 words)

	Gustavo Perednik - Christian European Persecution of Jews from Medieval to Modern Times: III-Myths- Well Poisoning, ...
		In Brussels it led to the extermination of Belgian Jewry (1370); in Knoblauch to 38 executions and the expulsion of the Jews from Brandenburg (1520); in Lisbon all New Christians were banished from the country (1671).
		The last accusation of desecration was in Rumania, 1836.
		One at Deggendorf in Bavaria (since 1337) and one at Segovia in Spain (since 1415), where the alleged desecration is said to have caused an earthquake which resulted in the confiscation of the synagogue and the execution of leading Jews.
	www.zionism-israel.com /his/judeophobia6.htm (3375 words)

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